CN107004728B - 光伏模块和光伏系统 - Google Patents

光伏模块和光伏系统 Download PDF

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CN107004728B
CN107004728B CN201580067217.7A CN201580067217A CN107004728B CN 107004728 B CN107004728 B CN 107004728B CN 201580067217 A CN201580067217 A CN 201580067217A CN 107004728 B CN107004728 B CN 107004728B
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photovoltaic module
battery structure
solar battery
pipe
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CN107004728A (zh
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韦塞林卡·彼得罗娃-科赫
赖纳·马克
安妮特·戈斯
约翰·迈尔
罗兰·胡廷格
约尔格·莱克特
约阿希姆·沃思-舍恩
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Tubo solar energy Co., Ltd
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Abstract

本发明给出一种光伏模块(10),包括:一个包围着内腔(4)的筒形透光管(1),该透光管具有主延伸方向(Z),以及靠近内腔的弯曲的内侧面(1a);以及一个力学柔性的光伏部件(2),该光伏部件具有安装在支承膜(22)上的太阳能电池结构(21),其中,光伏部件(2)布置在内腔(4)中,太阳能电池结构(21)具有一个曲面,其中,曲面至少局部地沿着管(1)内侧面(1a)的弯曲走势延展,并且太阳能电池结构(21)至少部分地覆盖内侧面(1a),其中,被覆盖的内侧面(1a)构成光伏模块(10)的透光面(1b)。

Description

光伏模块和光伏系统
技术领域
背景技术
文献US 7196262 B2和US 7394016 B2分别描述了一种光伏模块和一种光伏系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,给出一种具有提升效能的光伏模块。另一个目的在于,给出一种具有提升效能并降低维护成本的光伏系统。
本发明给出了一种光伏模块。该光伏模块尤其设计用于将太阳能直接转化为电能。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,其包括至少一个管。该管具有一个主延伸方向和一个靠近管的内腔的弯曲的内侧面。该管还可具有一个远离内侧面的弯曲的外侧面。该管构造成例如筒形,尤其是圆筒形,并包围内腔。该管由此至少局部地以空筒或者空圆筒的形式构造。该管的外侧面可构成光伏模块的外侧面。光伏模块从而可具有管的筒形结构。
该管具有优选地至少局部的空圆筒的形状。主延伸方向则相当于空圆筒的高度的方向。在垂直于主延伸方向的横截面内,该管则具有圆环形状。圆环的内圆在此处构成管的内侧面。
此处及下文中“筒形”和/或“空筒”的概念并不严格按照几何上的意义理解。而是筒形管或空筒形的管也能够具有仅近似为环形的垂直于主延伸方向的横截面。比如该管具有垂直于主延伸方向的椭圆形横截面,其中,椭圆的数值离心率最高为0.8。
该管构造成透光的。此处及下文中的“透光的”表示,至少90%,优选至少94%的照射到透光材料上的光线透过材料传递。例如该管由玻璃或塑料组成或由玻璃或塑料制成。例如该管由碱石灰硅酸盐玻璃组成或由碱石灰硅酸盐玻璃制成。碱石灰硅酸盐玻璃尤其具有价格低的特点。
所用玻璃的断裂强度可以通过快速冷却和/或其他特殊的线上(In-Line)法提高。该方法尤其实现了在不利环境条件下的管的使用。为了改善管的材料的透光特性还可额外使管的外侧面不反光。例如为此在管的外侧面涂上防反光涂层。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,其还包括一个力学柔性的光伏部件。该光伏部件包括一个安装在支承膜上的太阳能电池结构。太阳能电池结构在此处及下文中可由一个或多个太阳能电池尤其以串联的方式组成。太阳能电池结构包括至少一个活性层,当太阳光照射入时,在该活性层中产生自由带电粒子。
该光伏部件构造为力学柔性的。尤其是太阳能电池结构和支承膜构造成力学柔性的。“力学柔性的”在此处及下文中表示,可进行光伏部件的非破坏性弯折、卷起和/或弯曲。尤其是可对光伏部件-也可多次-卷起和/或弯折而不改变其电学和/或光学特性。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,该光伏部件布置在管的内腔中。该光伏部件尤其可完整地布置在内腔中。该光伏部件则至少在垂直于主延伸方向上完全地由管的材料包围。该光伏部件优选地直接与管相邻。可选地也可在光伏部件和管之间设置空气或其他气体。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构具有一个曲面。该太阳能电池的曲面在此处至少局部地沿着管的内侧面的弯曲走势延展。也就是说,在垂直于主延伸方向的横截面上,该太阳能电池结构与内侧面具有在数学层面上相似的曲率。例如,管的内侧面在垂直于主延伸方向的横截面内具有椭圆或圆的形状。在这种情况下,该太阳能电池结构具有至少局部的椭圆或圆的形状。此外,还可使整个光伏部件沿着内侧面的弯曲走势延展。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构至少部分地覆盖内侧面。也就是说,在垂直于主延伸方向上的管的由内腔向外的俯视图中,内侧面至少部分地由太阳能电池结构覆盖。该管的被覆盖的内侧面则构成光伏模块的透光面。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,光伏模块包括:一个包围着内腔的筒形透光管,该透光管具有主延伸方向,以及靠近内腔的弯曲的内侧面;以及一个力学柔性的光伏部件,该光伏部件具有安装在支承膜上的太阳能电池结构。该光伏部件布置在内腔中。太阳能电池结构具有一个曲面,其中该曲面至少局部地沿着管的内侧面的弯曲走势延展。该太阳能电池结构至少部分地覆盖内侧面,其中,被覆盖的内侧面构成光伏模块的透光面。
柔性的光伏部件与透光管的组合实现了尤其是低成本的生产工艺的利用与与高能效相结合。在此处及下文中的光伏模块的能效为被覆盖的单位面积上所产生的电能。该光伏模块的弯曲的(例如筒形)结构在光伏模块的能效及寿命方面具有相对于传统平面的光伏模块更多的优势。例如减小了光伏模块的横截面积,由此可实现光伏模块在例如风和/或雪的作用下的更高的耐气候性。此外,通过弯曲的外侧面还产生自清洁效应。通过筒形的结构还相对于平面的光伏模块减小了光伏模块的重量,由此使在静态承载能力弱的建筑物屋顶上的使用成为可能。
此外,管内的自然空气循环降低光伏模块的运行温度。为此,管能够例如至少局部地在末端打开。一般地,通过弯曲的,例如筒形的结构,光伏模块的水冷或被动冷却可变得比在平面的光伏模块上更容易实施。低运行温度确保了高能量收益以及改善的功能安全性。通过光伏模块的弯曲的设置,在太阳光具有低入射角时,例如在日落时,也能够利用太阳光。由此可放弃在光伏模块中的与太阳位置相关的模块的用于跟踪的所谓追踪设备,进而放弃昂贵的机械和/或电子装备。此外,对于在荒漠地带的使用,在此处描述的光伏模块上也可使用被动冷却。从而提高光伏模块的效率并且同时降低维护成本。
通过提高管的断裂强度,管的外侧面还更能抵御例如沙粒造成的表面损伤和/或划痕。从而即使长时间使用在部分不利环境条件下,管的光学特性也能保持不变。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,该光学模块具有至少一个封装膜。所述至少一个封装膜覆盖在光伏部件的太阳能电池结构上的至少一个外侧面。例如,该至少一个封装膜完整覆盖光伏部件的一个远离管的内侧面的底面。其中,该封装膜可与底面至少局部地直接接触。该至少一个封装膜优选构造成透光的。此外,该至少一个封装膜同样可构造成力学柔性的。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,该光伏部件具有至少两个材料配合彼此相连的封装膜。太阳能电池结构完整地布置在至少两个封装膜之间。该太阳能电池结构优选地局部地直接与封装膜相邻。每个封装膜优选地构造成力学柔性的。“材料配合的连接”在此处和下文中是一种使连接配套件有时通过原子和/或分子力保持在一起的连接。一种材料配合的连接例如是一种胶合连接和/或一种熔融连接。材料配合的连接尤其是非破坏性无法松开。也就是说,连接配套件只能在使用溶剂或通过破坏松开。
例如,光伏部件可具有最多三个封装膜,其中,太阳能电池结构布置在至少两个封装膜之间。特别地,光伏部件的所有封装膜可材料配合地彼此相连。
封装膜可尤其用作抵御环境影响的太阳能电池结构的机械和/或化学保护。例如,封装膜能够保护太阳能电池结构不受潮湿影响。封装膜可尤其构造成抵御紫外线的。这意味着,封装膜即使长时间暴露在紫外线下,其光学和/或机械特性不会或几乎不会改变。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构在垂直于主延伸方向的横截面内在制造公差的范围内具有至少局部的圆弧形。“在制造公差的范围内”在此处及下文中表示,该太阳能电池结构具有的不是严格的数学几何意义上的圆弧形状,而是可能具有由制造造成的偏差。例如,太阳能电池结构可具有椭圆形,其中,相应的椭圆可具有最高为0.8的数值离心率。此外,光伏部件的曲面可能是不均匀的。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,至少一个封装膜为热塑性的膜。优选所有封装膜为热塑性的膜。热塑性的膜可由塑料制成。例如,硅基塑料适合作为封装膜的材料。在导入热量的条件下,热塑性的膜改变其力学特性。例如,热塑性的膜可层压在太阳能电池结构上。此外,封装膜的材料配合的连接可通过层压产生。额外地或可选地,至少一个封装膜还可由例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的共聚物制成。
使用热塑性的膜尤其带来以下优势,即,即使其在不利环境条件下也是高度电绝缘的、不被腐蚀的并且高柔性的。此处,在低温和高温下都确保该力学柔性。此外,热塑性的膜的使用还实现了在寿命周期结束时光伏模块的回收利用。由此可提供一种环保的并且低成本可清除的光伏模块。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,最少30%并且最高100%的管的内侧面被太阳能电池结构覆盖。优选最少40%并且最高70%的管的内侧面被太阳能电池结构覆盖。此外还可至少一个封装膜覆盖最少20%,优选最少30%,并且最高100%,优选最高80%的管的内侧面。例如,为了节省成本,仅仅管的内侧面的朝向太阳的部分具有太阳能电池结构。由此可能的是,该至少一个封装膜同样不是覆盖整个内侧面,而是仅仅布置在由太阳能电池结构覆盖的内侧面上。此外还可能的是,最少30%并且最多100%的管的内侧面构造成透光面。例如,筒形管的外罩的一半由太阳能电池结构覆盖,而外罩的另一半没有太阳能电池结构。管的外罩可以是管的外侧面。此处可能的是,筒的被覆盖的一半在光伏模块装配之后朝向太阳,也就是构成光伏模块的上侧。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,透光面是一个简单连续的面。也就是说,太阳能电池结构覆盖一个不具有缺口的连续的表面。例如,透光面在平铺状态下具有尤其是圆角的矩形。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,光伏部件垂直于主延伸方向完全由管包围。此处可能的是,管在其主延伸方向的末端是开放的和/或末端的内腔可自由进入。管垂直于主延伸方向是连续的并且一件式构成的,并且完整包围光伏部件。由此可针对环境影响保护光伏部件。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构通过使用印刷工艺安装在支承膜上。例如,太阳能电池结构可利用喷墨印刷安装在支承膜上。支承膜可以是薄金属膜或薄塑料膜。支承膜尤其构造为力学柔性的。
例如太阳能电池结构可通过所谓的卷到卷工艺安装在支承膜上。在该工艺中,支承膜将首先以卷成卷的形式提供。接着将支承膜由卷展开并将太阳能电池结构印刷在支承膜上。在印刷过程之后,支承膜以及安装在支承膜上的太阳能电池结构将被重新卷起。该卷到卷工艺实现了尤其是太阳能电池结构的快速并且低成本的生产。然而还可设想其他可提供力学柔性的太阳能电池结构的生产工艺。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构是一种CIGS太阳能电池结构或一种有机太阳能电池结构。CIGS(Copper Indium Gallium Selenide)铜铟硒化镓太阳能电池结构包含材料铜、铟、镓和二硒化物。有机太阳能电池结构是由有机层构成。该太阳能电池结构具有以下优势,其可通过尤其低成本的印刷工艺安装在支承膜上。此外,该太阳能电池结构还可包含除了上述材料以外的其他层,例如可以是由透明可导电的氧化物构成的可导电层。此外,太阳能电池结构可包含用于触点和/或电绝缘的额外层。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,太阳能电池结构具有最大5μm,优选最大2.5μm的厚度。太阳能电池结构的厚度在此为垂直于支承膜主延伸平面的太阳能电池结构的延伸。支承膜和/或太阳能电池结构沿着支承膜主延伸平面分别具有一个比垂直于主延伸平面明显更大的延伸。从而太阳能电池结构为一个薄层太阳能电池。该薄层太阳能电池可尤其构造成力学柔性的并通过印刷工艺安装在支承膜上。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,光伏部件还具有一个发光元件。该元件构造成力学柔性的。该发光元件可以是例如一个力学柔性的有机发光二极管。发光元件还可以是布置在力学柔性支承件上的多个无机或有机发光二极管。
发光元件至少局部地覆盖未被太阳能电池结构覆盖的内侧面的开放区域。例如,筒形管的外套的一半被太阳能电池结构覆盖。外套的第二半则被发光元件覆盖。此处尤其基于以下想法,即光伏模块的一部分可用于由太阳能产生电能,而光伏模块的其他部分可用于发光。从而,相应的模块为混合模块。
发光元件与太阳能电池结构之间是电绝缘的。此外,发光元件的曲面基本上沿着管的内侧面的弯曲的走势延伸。例如,发光元件弯曲地构成,并且在垂直于主延伸方向的横截面内在制造公差的范围内具有圆弧形。由该元件覆盖的内侧面的开放区域则可构成用于由发光元件产生的光的光射出面。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,其具有一个构成为力学柔性的发光元件,其中,发光元件至少局部地覆盖未被太阳能电池结构覆盖的内侧面的开放区域,发光元件与太阳能电池结构之间是电绝缘的并且发光元件的曲面基本上沿着管的内侧面的弯曲的走势延伸。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,在内腔中的远离内侧面的光伏部件的底面上布置一个蓄电池。例如蓄电池完全被光伏部件和/或管包围。蓄电池在此导电地与光伏部件相连。蓄电池可以例如是锂离子蓄电池。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,蓄电池设置用于储存通过太阳能电池结构产生的电能。例如,蓄电池为此导电地与太阳能电池结构相连。此外,蓄电池还设置为使存储的电能延时地传递到发光元件。为此,蓄电池同样可导电地与发光元件相连。例如,由此可以在白天有太阳光射入时存储由太阳能电池结构产生的电能,并且随后在晚上再传递到发光元件用于发光。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,在内腔中的光伏部件的底面上布置一个筒形金属管。该金属管优选由金属构成或由金属制成。例如,金属管可包含铜或由铜制成。该金属管尤其具有空筒形。该金属管优选完全沿管的主延伸方向延伸。
根据该光伏模块的至少一个实施形式,金属管至少局部地直接与光伏部件接触。尤其是该金属管导热地与光伏部件相连。该金属管包围一个填充空气或水的冷却腔。金属管可以是一个冷却管,该冷却管将由光伏部件产生的余热传导到周围环境。该冷却通过例如金属管内的空气循环或水循环进行。为此可利用自然对流和/或泵或鼓风机。
本发明还给出了一种光伏系统。该光伏系统优选设计用于安装在空旷区域,例如在房屋的屋顶或农业用地上。该光伏系统包括多个此处所述的光伏模块。也就是说,所有为光伏模块公开的特征也为光伏系统公开,反过来也是。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,该光伏系统包括多个光伏模块。优选地,光伏模块彼此之间不直接物理接触。也就是说,在光伏模块之间分别设置有连续的开放空间。开放空间的延伸范围,也就是此处光伏模块的间距可根据期望的使用地区而选定。光伏模块可彼此电相连。此处光伏模块间可串联和/或并联。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,该光伏系统还包括多个支座和至少两个固定管。支座可以是力学元件,设计用来在两个固定管上固定光伏模块。固定管可具有固定元件,用于例如在固定管上固定支座。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,每个光伏模块与至少一个支座机械相连。例如,机械的连接借助插入式连接、螺栓连接、粘合连接和/或夹紧连接的方式进行。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,每个支座以能够机械式松开的方式固定在至少一个固定管上。“能够机械式松开”在此处及下文中表示,位于固定管上的支座的固定非破坏性地可松开。尤其是固定管在松开连接时不被破坏。例如,使用插入式连接、螺栓连接和/或夹紧连接进行位于固定管上的支座的固定。能够机械式松开的固定实现了光伏系统的单独的光伏模块的简单并且低成本的更换。由此可避免在一个光伏模块故障时更换整个光伏系统。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,该光伏系统包括多个光伏模块、多个支座和至少两个固定管,其中,每个光伏模块与至少一个支座机械相连,并且在至少一个固定管上的每个支座能够以机械的方式松开地固定。
对于光伏系统尤其基于以下想法,即,提供一种用于发电的、仅需少量维护的系统。与扁平的模块相比,具有升高的外侧面的筒形光伏模块的使用实现了尤其是更好的对所占表面的利用。所占表面可以是例如屋顶或农业用地。
通过在光伏模块之间提供开放空间以及由此实现的无遮蔽的布置使光伏系统的使用与农业用地相结合成为可能。由此,在光伏系统下方的农业用地还可继续耕种,因为尤其是雨水和/或阳光能够穿过开放空间。从而例如雨水能够继续用作灌溉。相应的光伏模块的空间延伸范围以及光伏模块之间的距离在此可根据应用领域选定。
此外通过在固定管上以机械可松开的方式来固定支座,实现了光伏系统的维护费用大幅度的降低。从而能够更换单个光伏模块,而不需改变整个系统。光伏系统中的单独的光伏模块的更换从而能够以“即插即用”的方式简单地实现。
根据该光伏系统的至少一个实施形式,多个光伏模块的主延伸方向在制造公差的范围内彼此平行。也就是说,该光伏系统包括多个筒形光伏模块,该光伏模块彼此平行布置。在光伏模块之间则可布置开放空间。
附图说明
以下将以实施例及其附图的方式详细阐述所述的光伏模块和所述的光伏系统。其中,
图1示出了所述光伏模块的一个实施例的截面示意图。
图2示出了所述光伏模块的一个实施例的透视示意图。
图3示出了所述光伏模块的一个实施例的截面示意图。
图4、5、6和7示出了所述光伏系统的各个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
相同、同种或作用相同的元件在示意图中具有相同的附图标记。附图以及在附图中示出的元件的大小关系之间不是按正确比例给出。而为了更好地可展示性和/或更好的理解,单个元件可能被夸大显示。
根据图1的截面示意图详细描述了本发明所述光伏模块10的一个实施例。所示的横截面此处垂直于光伏模块10的主延伸方向Z。从而主延伸方向Z延伸进制图平面。
光伏模块10包括透光的管1,其上述的横截面具有圆环形。管1包围圆形内腔4并且具有靠近内腔4的内侧面1a和远离内侧面1a的外侧面1f。内侧面1a的一部分构成透光面1b。此处及下文中的几何描述如“圆形”在制造公差的框架内进行理解。例如,内腔4也可具有椭圆形结构。
光伏模块10还具有光伏部件2。光伏部件2在此包括至少两个材料配合彼此相连的封装膜231、232。封装膜231、232至少局部地彼此直接接触并且在这些直接接触的位置优选材料配合地彼此相连。
光伏部件2还包括太阳能电池结构21和支承膜22,太阳能电池结构21安装在支承膜22上。太阳能电池结构21可以是CIGS太阳能电池结构或有机太阳能电池结构。支承膜22可由例如金属或塑料构成。太阳能电池结构21和支承膜22完全布置在至少两个封装膜231、232之间。在不具有太阳能电池结构21的区域内,两个封装膜231、232直接彼此相接。
在图1中示出的实施例中,两个封装膜231、232完全覆盖内侧面1a。可选地也可-与图1中所示不同-内侧面1a局部地不具有封装膜231、232。例如,封装膜231、232仅覆盖太阳能电池结构21和环绕太阳能电池结构21的边缘区域,封装膜231、232的材料配合地连接需要该边缘区域。
光伏部件2布置在内腔4中。光伏部件2的太阳能电池结构21此处具有曲面。上述太阳能电池结构21具有圆弧形以及相应的圆的曲面。太阳能电池结构21的圆弧的曲面此处沿着管的内侧面1a的曲面延伸。支承膜22和封装膜231、232同样具有曲面,该曲面至少局部地沿着内侧面1a的曲面延伸。
在太阳能电池结构21覆盖管1的内侧面1a的区域内,内侧面1a构成透光面1b。光伏模块10的具有透光面1b的部分构成光伏模块10的上侧101,而不具有透光面的部分构成下侧102。
在内腔4中还布置一个包围着冷却框31的金属管3。光伏部件2的远离内侧面1a的底面2c此处指向金属管3的方向。金属管3此处直接与光伏部件2接触。为此,所述金属管3布置为偏心的。也就是说,金属管3相对于管1不居中布置。金属管3完全地由光伏部件2和管1包围。例如,金属管3用于光伏部件2的冷却。为此,金属管3的冷却腔31可由水和/或空气填充。
根据图2的透视示意图详细描述了所述光伏模块10的另一个实施例。所示出的光伏模块10在此对应图1的光伏模块10。
管1构造成长形并且沿主延伸方向Z延伸。管1垂直于主延伸方向Z具有图1所示出的横截面。光伏部件2的太阳能电池结构21同样沿着主延伸方向Z延伸。在上侧101的俯视图中,太阳能电池结构21此处构成一个连续面。透光面1b构成了简单连续的。例如,太阳能电池结构21在上侧101的俯视图中具有倒圆矩形的形状。
根据图3的截面示意图详细描述了所述光伏模块10的另一个实施例。此处示出的光伏模块10与图1中的光伏模块的不同之处在于具有发光元件71、72和蓄电池8。
发光元件71、72至少局部地覆盖内侧面1a的未被太阳能电池结构21覆盖的开放区域1c。例如,太阳能电池结构21-如此处所示-布置在光伏模块10的上侧101上,而发光元件71、72布置在下侧102上。发光元件71、72此处包括发光层71和支承层72。例如,发光层71通过有机层构成。此外还可以,发光层71包含无机层。此处可能的是,发光层71不构造为连续的,而是构造为单独分开的片段,从而确保发光元件71、72的灵活性。
在管1的内腔4中还布置有蓄电池8。蓄电池8导电地与光伏部件2相连。例如,设置与太阳能电池结构21以及与发光元件71、72的电连接81。
根据图4的示意图详细描述了所述光伏系统的一个实施例。光伏系统具有多个光伏模块10。光伏模块10的主延伸方向Z在制造公差的范围内彼此平行。在光伏部件10之间分别布置有开放空间101。在空地上运行时,例如雨水可穿过该开放空间101。光伏模块10借助支座61安装在两个固定管63上。固定管63在此垂直于光伏模块10的主延伸方向Z延伸。
根据图5的示意图详细描述了所述光伏系统的另一个实施例。此处为图4中所示的光伏系统的局部放大图。
支座63分别具有一个螺栓孔62,螺栓64(此处未示出)可穿过该螺栓孔。借助螺栓64,支座62可与固定管63能够以机械方式松开地相连。此外,光伏系统具有由外侧可触及的触点66,该触点用于光伏模块10的电接触。
支座61与光伏模块10机械地相连。图中每个光伏模块10分别分配有两个支座61。还可能的是-与图示中的不同-每个光伏模块10分别只分配一个或多于两个支座61。例如,支座61通过插入式连接、螺栓连接和/或夹紧连接与所属的光伏模块10相连。连接和固定可如例如在发光管上类似方式进行。
根据图6的示意图详细描述了所述光伏系统的一个实施例。所示出的光伏系统与图4和5中的相对应,其中,示出了光伏模块10的横截面以及沿着主延伸方向10的固定管63。支座61在固定管63的区域内具有凹槽611,从而实现支座61与固定管63的齐平的连接。
光伏模块10通过一个穿过螺栓孔62的螺栓64能够以机械方式松开地与固定管63相连。为了能够以机械方式松开的连接,固定管63在其内部具有固定元件65,螺栓64啮合在其中。螺栓64还与接触元件67导电地相连,接触元件又导电地与太阳能电池结构21相连,该太阳能电池结构布置在光伏模块10的远离固定管63的上侧101上。固定元件65从而既用于支座62与固定管63的力学连接,也用于光伏模块10的太阳能电池结构21的电接触。
通过支座61与固定管63能够以机械方式松开的连接尤其实现了单独的光伏模块10的低成本更换。由此可提供一种仅需少量维护的光伏系统。
根据图7的示意图详细描述了所述光伏系统的另一个实施例。所示出的光伏系统与图4到6中的相对应,其中,示出了穿过固定管63和支座61垂直于主延伸方向Z的横截面。螺栓64啮合在固定元件65中。固定元件65又导电地与接触点66相连。固定元件65至少局部地沿着固定管63延伸。此处分别有两个螺栓64与固定元件65相连。
本发明不局限于根据实施例所进行的描述。本发明还包括任意新特征以及这些特征的任意组合,尤其是在权利要求中包含的特征的任意组合,即使该特征或组合在权利要求或实施例中没有明确给出。
本申请要求德语申请DE 10 2014 225 631.3的优先权,其公开的内容因此通过引用并入本申请中。
附图标记列表
Z 主延伸方向
10 光伏模块
101 上侧
102 下侧
103 开放空间
1 管
1a 内侧面
1b 透光面
1c 光射出面
1f 外侧面
2 光伏部件
21 太阳能电池结构
22 支承膜
231、232 封装膜
2c 底面
3 金属管
31 冷却腔
4 内腔
61 支座
611 凹槽
62 螺栓孔
63 固定管
64 螺栓
65 固定元件
66 触点
67 接触元件
71 发光层
72 支承层
8 蓄电池
81 电连接

Claims (18)

1.一种光伏模块(10),其包括
-包围着内腔(4)的具有主延伸方向(Z)的透光的管(1),以及靠近内腔的弯曲的内侧面(1a)以及
-具有安装在支承膜(22)上的太阳能电池结构(21)的力学柔性的光伏部件(2),其中,
-所述光伏部件(2)布置在所述内腔(4)中,
-所述太阳能电池结构(21)具有曲面,其中,曲面至少局部地沿着所述管(1)的所述内侧面(1a)的弯曲的走势延伸,并且
-所述太阳能电池结构(21)至少局部地覆盖所述内侧面(1a),其中,被覆盖的所述内侧面(1a)构成所述光伏模块(10)的透光面(1b),
其中所述光伏部件(2)具有覆盖位于外侧面上的所述太阳能电池结构(21)的至少一个封装膜(231、232),
其中所述光伏部件(2)具有构造为力学柔性的发光元件(71、72),其中,
-所述力学柔性的发光元件(71、72)至少局部地覆盖所述内侧面(1a)的未被所述太阳能电池结构(21)覆盖的开放区域(1c),
-所述力学柔性的发光元件(71、72)与所述太阳能电池结构(21)之间是电绝缘的,并且
-所述力学柔性的发光元件(71、72)的曲面沿着所述内侧面(1a)的弯曲走势延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述光伏部件(2)具有至少两个材料配合彼此相连的封装膜(231、232),其中,
-所述太阳能电池结构(21)完全布置在封装膜(231、232)之间,
-所述封装膜(213、232)是热塑性的膜,并且
-所述封装膜(213、232)至少局部地直接彼此接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述光伏部件(2)具有至少两个材料配合彼此相连的封装膜(231、232),其中,所述太阳能电池结构(21)完全地布置在所述封装膜(231、232)之间。
4.根据权利要求2-3任意一项所述的光伏模块(10),其中至少一个所述封装膜(231、232)是热塑性的膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述太阳能电池结构(21)在垂直于所述主延伸方向(Z)的横截面内在制造公差的范围内至少局部地具有圆弧形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述管(1)的所述内侧面(1a)的最少30%并且最多100%被所述太阳能电池结构(21)覆盖。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述透光面(1b)是一个简单连续的面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述光伏部件(2)垂直于所述主延伸方向(Z)完全被所述管(1)包围。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述太阳能电池结构(21)通过印刷工艺的使用安装在所述支承膜(22)上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述太阳能电池结构(21)是CIGS太阳能电池结构或有机太阳能电池结构。
11.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述太阳能电池结构(21)具有最大5μm的厚度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的光伏模块(10),所述太阳能电池结构(21)具有最大2.5μm的厚度。
13.根据权利要求1所述的光伏模块(10),其中在所述内腔(4)中在所述光伏部件(2)的远离所述内侧面(1a)的底面(2c)上布置蓄电池(8),其中,所述蓄电池(8)导电地与所述光伏部件(2)相连。
14.根据权利要求13所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述蓄电池(8)设置为,储存通过所述太阳能电池结构(21)产生的电能并且使电能延时地传递到所述力学柔性的发光元件(71、72)。
15.根据权利要求13所述的光伏模块(10),其中在所述内腔(4)中的所述底面(2c)上布置筒形金属管(3)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的光伏模块(10),其中所述金属管(3)
-至少局部地直接与所述光伏部件(2)接触,并且
-包围着填充空气或水的冷却腔(31)。
17.一种光伏系统,其包括
-多个根据前述权利要求任意一项所述的光伏模块(10),
-多个支座(61),以及
-至少两个固定管(63),其中
-每个光伏模块(10)与至少一个支座(61)机械相连,并且
-每个支座(61)在至少一个固定管(63)上能够机械松开地固定。
18.根据权利要求17所述的光伏系统,其中所述主延伸方向(Z)与多个所述光伏模块(10)在制造公差的范围内相互平行延伸。
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PT3231016T (pt) 2021-04-20
SI3231016T1 (sl) 2021-08-31
DK3231016T3 (da) 2021-05-03
ES2865253T3 (es) 2021-10-15
EP3231016B1 (de) 2021-02-17

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