CN1070028C - Method for control of stored grain insects by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant - Google Patents
Method for control of stored grain insects by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant Download PDFInfo
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- CN1070028C CN1070028C CN98117516A CN98117516A CN1070028C CN 1070028 C CN1070028 C CN 1070028C CN 98117516 A CN98117516 A CN 98117516A CN 98117516 A CN98117516 A CN 98117516A CN 1070028 C CN1070028 C CN 1070028C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preventing and treating grain insect damage. In the method, used fumigant is a liquefying mixed steel bottle preparation of phosphine and carbon dioxide, wherein the content of phosphine is from 2 to 25 wt%; a steel bottle is placed outside granaries; medicines are delivered in granaries; the fumigant is uniformly distributed in a circulation mode; the effective concentration of phosphine gas in granaries is kept from 15 to 200 ppm. The present invention has the characteristics that the present invention organically integrates medicine delivery techniques, circulation fumigating techniques and detecting process and provides possibility for promoting the development of the industrialization of fumigating disinsection techniques by phosphine liquefied gas and enhancing the application level of phosphine liquefying fumigating techniques in China.
Description
The invention relates to the field of grain storage, in particular to pest control of grains, namely a process method for controlling stored grain pests by adopting a phosphine fumigant.
For many years, the main means for preventing and treating stored grain insect pests in the field of grain storage at home and abroad is chemical prevention, wherein metal phosphide represented by aluminum phosphide (AlP) generates Phosphine (PH) through chemical reaction in a warehouse3) The fumigation and pest killing is mainly carried out, and the toxicology of the fumigant mainly enters pest bodies through the respiratory system and the body wall membranous part of pests, so that the respiration rate is reduced, the pests are poisoned and die, and the pests are killed. In particular, most of the grain storage fumigants used in recent years are being eliminated or reduced in dosage due to the increasingly strict sanitary standards, the high toxicity to human bodies, the disputed toxicity, the unclear toxicity (such as ethylene oxide, sulfuryl fluoride, chloropicrin, carbon disulfide, dibromoethane,etc.), and other problems, and phosphine, which is taken as a fumigation insecticide, is easily absorbed by grains, but is easily desorbed during ventilation and gas dissipation, is known as an excellent fumigant, so that hydrogen phosphide has become the main grain storage fumigation insecticide used in most countries.
The dosage form used by the hydrogen phosphide fumigation is mainly aluminum phosphide, and the mechanism is as follows: the aluminum phosphide is exposed in the air, absorbs water vapor in the air and is decomposed to generate phosphine gas:
aluminum phosphide water aluminum hydroxide phosphine
The operation mode mainly comprises the steps of determining a pesticide application point in a granary according to needs, putting personnel into the granary, manually applying pesticide, and cleaning residues at the later stage. Because the application mode is unchanged for decades and the prevention and treatment means and the dosage form are single, a plurality of afterproblems are caused: 1. whether the pesticide is used or detected, pesticide application personnel must enter the warehouse for operation and contact with the toxic pesticide for a long time, so that the physical health of the personnel directly engaged in the aluminum phosphide fumigation insecticidal operation is seriously harmed day by day; 2. some main grain pests have obvious resistance to phosphine, so that the control effect is reduced, the dosage is increased inevitably, the insecticidal cost is increased, and meanwhile, the harm to the health of people is aggravated; 3. manual dosing and detection are difficult to control the effective concentration in the grain pile and adapt to the requirements of different fumigation environments, and the automatic control of the fumigation insecticidal process and the industrialization of the technology are difficult to realize; 4. the environmental pollution is gradually serious due to a large amount of dosage and medicament residues; 5. some special grain storage environments, such as grain piles and vertical silos with poor airtight conditions and too deep air tightness, are difficult to adopt a fumigation method or cannot achieve an ideal insecticidal effect; 6. if the use is not proper, the danger of fire caused by explosion exists.
In recent years, related experts in the field also provide a new technical scheme aiming at the problems, namely a phosphine and carbon dioxide mixed fumigation theory and technology, in the mixed fumigation process, carbon dioxide is used as a carrier, the speed of phosphine penetrating into a grain pile is accelerated, the uniform distribution and the retention time in the grain pile are prolonged, and the dosage of phosphine entering insect bodies is increased by stimulating the breath of pests, so that the fumigation effect is improved; in addition, the flame retardant effect of the carbon dioxide is also beneficial to improving the safety of the phosphine fumigation.
The application of the mixed fumigation technology changes the chemical dosing place from the inside of the bin to the outside of the bin, so that the aluminum phosphide reacts outside the bin and the phosphine gas is collected and respectively delivered into the bin together with the carbon dioxide gas through the release device according to a preset proportion. However, the phosphine and the carbon dioxide are respectively conveyed into the bin, and the gas inflow of the phosphine is often restricted by the reaction speed, so that the accurate manual control cannot be realized, the two gases are difficult to be fully and uniformly mixed, and the fumigation effect can also be influenced. At present, the technology is not generally popularized and used due to the limitation of objective factors.
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and treating stored grain insect pests by taking phosphine liquefied gas as a fumigant, which adopts liquefied mixed gas of phosphine and carbon dioxide as the fumigant, and maintains the effective concentration of the phosphine in a grain stack by intermittent pesticide application, circulating fumigation, timing detection and timely drug supplementation, thereby improving the fumigation effect and realizing the industrialization of the phosphine liquefied gas fumigation insecticidal technology.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preventing and treating stored grain insect pests by using phosphine liquefied gas as a fumigant, a mixed steel cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied gas is used as a fumigant, and the application dosage is controlled by a steel cylinder release device.
The invention still follows the principle of mixed fumigation, and the phosphine and carbon dioxide gas are mixed according to the predetermined proportion and sent into the granary for fumigation and pest killing, and the difference with the prior art is that the used fumigant is a formulation of a mixed steel cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefaction, wherein the content of the phosphine is 2-25% (weight), the steel cylinder is arranged outside the granary, the mixed gas in the steel cylinder is directly sent into the closed granary through a pipeline by a controlled release device, the fumigant is uniformly distributed in the granary through a circulation mode, and the effective concentration of phosphine gas in the granary is kept at 15-200 ppm.
The invention achieves the purpose of improving the fumigation effect by a method of applying the medicine intermittently, fumigating by circulation, detecting at regular time, replenishing the medicine at proper time and maintaining the effective concentration of the phosphine in the grain pile. The method also comprises the step of periodically detecting the concentration of the phosphine gas in the bin by adopting a digital display quick detection system outside the bin, and releasing and supplementing the phosphine gas by a steel cylinder in time when the concentration is lower than the effective concentration. In actual operation, generally detect the medicament concentration of keeping in the storehouse every day, when being less than effective concentration, in time supply, because all there is the gas permeability to different extent in all kinds of granaries, be difficult to guarantee absolutely airtight promptly, will lead to the fumigation gas excessive and make the medicament concentration reduce during stifling, so the effective concentration in the storehouse needs to be realized through constantly supplying the medicament.
The present invention adopts the fumigation preparation of the liquefied mixed steel cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide, i.e. the carbon dioxide is firstly purified and then mixed with phosphine gas, compressed and filled into the steel cylinder. Different from the existing mixed fumigation technology, the two gases of phosphine and carbon dioxide are prepared and treated in advance, mixed uniformly according to the proportion, compressed and filled into a steel cylinder to be directly used for killing insects in a granary, and the proportion of the two gases is ensured to be constant all the time when the gases are delivered into the granary. In the current state of the art, the phosphine used is readily available from the reaction of aluminum phosphide with water, and the liquefaction and compression technology of the gas can also be realized by specialized and industrial production.
When the steel cylinder dosage form is used for practical operation of fumigation andpest killing, if the content of phosphine is too high, such as higher than 25 percent, although the quick application is facilitated, the safety of transportation and use is difficult to guarantee because the phosphine belongs to a flammable and combustible substance; the content of phosphine is too low, such as less than 2 percent, the release amount of mixed gas is required to be increased to ensure that the effective medicament concentration in the bin is achieved, and the liquefied steel cylinder is produced by a specialized manufacturer, so that the production and transportation cost of the liquefied steel cylinder is increased, and the liquefied steel cylinder is not economically reasonable, so that the content of phosphine in the liquefied mixed steel cylinder used by the invention is 2-25 percent (weight) and is comprehensively obtained from the aspects of technology and economy, because the production of the liquefied mixed steel cylinder is not difficult for the specialized manufacturer, and the liquefied steel cylinder with higher content of phosphine gas can save a large amount of transportation cost for the grain bin far away from the manufacturer. Practice proves that when the content of phosphine gas in the liquefied mixed steel cylinder is 2-4% (by weight), the requirements of safety, economy and high efficiency are met, the use is more, and when the content of phosphine is higher, in order to prevent combustion and explosion, the liquefied mixed steel cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide can be used for releasing medicament into a granary through a pipeline and simultaneously releasing carbon dioxide gas into a warehousing pipeline, so that the advantages are achieved, firstly, the introduced carbon dioxide has a synergistic effect on the disinsection of the phosphine gas; moreover, the carbon dioxide gas released into the bin has a diluting effect on the phosphine gas so as to prevent the phosphine gas from being burnt and exploded due to overhigh local concentration, and improve the safetyof the phosphine fumigation.
The invention realizes circulation fumigation in the storehouse while applying pesticide, circularly flows the gas in the storehouse through manual operation, and uniformly diffuses the fumigant poison gas to the whole grain pile by utilizing the diffusion rule of phosphine gas in the grain pile, thereby achieving uniform distribution in the grain pile. The circulation mode and means are that the specific circulation system, such as a blower, is used to force the air in the grain pile to flow and drive the toxic gas to diffuse continuously, so as to keep the consistency of the concentration of the toxic gas at each position in the granary.
Another important link of the invention is that the content of the fumigant in the bin is mastered at any time through digital rapid detection outside the bin in the fumigation process, and once the concentration of the medicament is found to be lower than the required effective concentration, the medicament is delivered into the bin through a steel cylinder, so that the phosphine content in each position in the bin can reach the effective concentration during the closed fumigation. The invention relates to a device for detecting phosphine gas concentration, in particular to a digital display type rapid detection device, which has mature products for selection.
The effective concentration of phosphine gas in the bin is required to reach 15-200 ppm, the determination of the index is related to the types of grains in the actual operation, and because different types of grains have great difference on the adsorption capacity of phosphine, the larger the amount of phosphine adsorbed by the grains during fumigation, the lower the requirement on the effective concentration of pesticide in the grain stack, for example, the adsorption capacity of sorghum, peanuts, rice and kidney beans on phosphine is 6-8 times that of broad beans, mung beans and soybeansunder the same fumigation condition, so that the effective concentration of phosphine gas in the bin is lower than that of phosphine gas in the same fumigation condition.
In summary, the method provided by the invention organically combines the drug application technology, the circulation fumigation and the detection process into a whole, has some similarities compared with the prior art, but is not a simple technical combination, and the combination causes the implementation of the invention to have the following outstanding beneficial effects: 1. the traditional personnel warehouse entry dosing operation is changed into the warehouse exterior dosing technology, so that the operators do not directly contact with the medicament, and the harm of highly toxic medicaments to the human health is avoided; 2. the traditional method is that personnel enter the bin to apply the pesticide at fixed points, and in the process of fumigating and killing insects, when the concentration of the pesticide is lower than the required effective concentration, the pesticide is difficult to enter the bin again to supplement the pesticide application, but the pesticide application technology, the circulation fumigation and the detection process are organically combined into a whole to form a virtuous cycle, the pesticide dosage is guided and controlled through detection at any time, and all operations are finished outside the bin, so that the problems that the pesticide application can be carried out only once or the pesticide dosage is too large, the waste is caused, or the pesticide dosage is insufficient, and the pest killing effect is influenced in the traditional operation are avoided; 3. the fumigation preparation is prepared in advance and is a purified phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied gas mixed steel cylinder, and the fumigation preparation is applied from the outside of a bin through a proper pipeline design, so that the preparation has the advantages that the two gases are fully and uniformly mixed in the steel cylinder, and are always sent into a closed granary according to a preset proportion in the fumigation process, the phosphine gas is uniformly diffused and distributed in the granary under the action of a carbon dioxide carrier, meanwhile, the release amount of the gas can be accurately controlled by adopting a release control device outside the bin, and no medicament residue exists after the fumigation is finished; 4. the invention adopts the fumigation preparation of the mixing steel cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied gas, which is beneficial to the industrialized development of the phosphine liquefied gas fumigation insecticidal technology; 5. the method provided by the invention is not only suitable for house-type granaries and squat silos, but also suitable for fumigating and killing insects of deep grain piles such as vertical silos and the like, and provides possibility for improving the application level of the phosphine liquefaction fumigation technology in China as soon as possible.
Example 1
Fumigating and killing insects of indica rice, wherein the content of phosphine in a mixed steel cylinder for liquefying phosphine and carbon dioxide is 2 percent (weight), the mixed steel cylinder is communicated with a warehouse through a pipeline, a blast circulation device and a phosphine detection device are respectively communicated with the warehouse through pipelines, the warehouse is in a closed state, and the temperature of grain piles in the warehouse is controlled to be 15-20 ℃; firstly, opening a steel cylinder control valve, releasing mixed gas into a bin, wherein the dosage is 0.26 g/cubic meter (phosphine gas, the same below), then utilizing blast circulation equipment to circulate gas, and closing a steel cylinder valve when the dosage is reached; a rapid detector with an electrochemical sensor is adopted to detect the concentration of phosphine in the grain stack every day from day 2, when the concentration is lower than 60ppm effective concentration, a steel cylinder control valve and a circulation system are opened to supplement the medicament into the bin to the effective concentration, and the operation is carried out for 14 days in a closed fumigation way.
Example 2
The fumigation and pest killing of the corn is carried out, the content of phosphine in a phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied mixed steel cylinder is 4 percent (weight), the first dosage is 0.07 g/cubic meter, when the pesticide is applied, carbon dioxide gas is released into a pipeline at the same time, the release ratio of the phosphine and carbon dioxide is controlled to be 1: 1-2, the effective concentration of phosphine gas in a grain stack is controlled to be 50ppm, the fumigation and pest killing are carried out in a closed manner for 14 days, and the whole fumigation process is the same as that in example 1.
Example 3
Wheat is fumigated and killed, the content of phosphine in a phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied mixed steel cylinder is 10 percent (weight), the first dosage of fumigation is 0.04 g/cubic meter, carbon dioxide gas is released into a pipeline simultaneously when the pesticide is applied, the release ratio of the phosphine and the carbon dioxide is controlled to be 1: 3-5, the effective concentration of phosphine gas in a grain stack is controlled to be 30ppm, the fumigation and the killing of insects are closed for 21 days, and the whole fumigation process is the same as that in example 1.
Example 4
The fumigation and pest killing of glutinous rice is carried out by mixing phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied steel cylinder with phosphine content of 10 wt% and first dosage of 0.16 g/cubic meter, releasing carbon dioxide gas into pipeline at the same time, controlling release ratio of two at 1: 3-5, controlling effective concentration of phosphine gas in grain pile at 30ppm, sealing and fumigation for 21 days, and the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 5
Wheat fumigation and pest killing, the phosphine content in a phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied mixed steel cylinder is 20 percent (weight), the first dosage is 0.06 g/cubic meter, when in pesticide application, carbon dioxide gas is released into a pipeline at the same time, the release ratio of the phosphine and carbon dioxide is controlled to be 1: 5-9, the effective concentration of the phosphine gas in a grain stack is controlled to be 50ppm, and the steps of fumigating and pest killing are carried out for 14 days in a closed manner, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and treating stored grain insect pests by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant is characterized in that phosphine and carbon dioxide gas are mixed according to a predetermined proportion and sent into a granary for fumigation and insect killing, the used fumigant is a mixed steel cylinder formulation of phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied gas, wherein the content of the phosphine is 2-25% (weight), the steel cylinder is arranged outside the granary, a release control device is used for directly sending the mixed gas into the closed granary through a pipeline, the fumigant is uniformly distributed in the granary in a circulation mode, and the effective concentration of phosphine gas in the granary is kept to be 15-200 ppm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phosphine gas is used as fumigant to prevent and treat stored grain insect pest, and the phosphine gas concentration in the storehouse is periodically detected by a digital display rapid detection system outside the storehouse, and is released and supplemented by a steel cylinder when the phosphine gas concentration is lower than the effective concentration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide gas is purified and then mixed with phosphine gas and compressed to fill the cylinder.
4. The method for preventing and treating stored grain insect pests by using phosphine liquefied gas as a fumigant according to claim 1, wherein the content of phosphine gas in the mixed cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide liquefied gas is 2-4% (by weight).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed gas is released into the grain bin from a liquefied mixed gas cylinder of phosphine and carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide is released into the pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98117516A CN1070028C (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Method for control of stored grain insects by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98117516A CN1070028C (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Method for control of stored grain insects by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1245646A CN1245646A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
| CN1070028C true CN1070028C (en) | 2001-08-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN98117516A Expired - Fee Related CN1070028C (en) | 1998-08-20 | 1998-08-20 | Method for control of stored grain insects by using phosphine liquefied gas as fumigant |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6255652B1 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2001-07-03 | William T. Moyer | Method and apparatus for detecting insect infestation in enclosed areas |
| CN106525702B (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2023-05-26 | 河南工业大学 | Fumigating-resistant testing device and fumigating-resistant testing method for granary equipment |
| CN106818079B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-03-15 | 重庆岷龙机械制造有限公司 | Insect prevention silo |
| CN108088958A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-29 | 中国农业生产资料流通协会 | A kind of phosphine concentration detection method applied to warehouse circulation fumigating system |
| CN108432873A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-24 | 郑州龙威电子科技有限公司 | A kind of grain fumigating device reducing desinsection gas residue |
| CN108157503A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-06-15 | 郑州龙威电子科技有限公司 | A kind of efficient grain desinsection fumigation apparatus |
| CN110115261B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-06-11 | 河南工业大学 | Method for treating stored-object pests by combined fumigation |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1098589A (en) * | 1993-08-07 | 1995-02-15 | 杨宗淑 | Slowly-releasing PH 3The control stored grain insects |
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1998
- 1998-08-20 CN CN98117516A patent/CN1070028C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1098589A (en) * | 1993-08-07 | 1995-02-15 | 杨宗淑 | Slowly-releasing PH 3The control stored grain insects |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 昆虫天敌18(4)增刊 1996.1.1 曾伶储粮害虫对磷化氢抗性和研究进展 * |
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