CN107000826B - 航空器操纵面的组装工艺 - Google Patents

航空器操纵面的组装工艺 Download PDF

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CN107000826B
CN107000826B CN201580054985.9A CN201580054985A CN107000826B CN 107000826 B CN107000826 B CN 107000826B CN 201580054985 A CN201580054985 A CN 201580054985A CN 107000826 B CN107000826 B CN 107000826B
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skin
control surfaces
upper skin
composite material
control surface
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CN107000826A (zh
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P·康法赛诺
A·洛卡萨勒
D·卡波切洛
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64FGROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/10Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0025Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
    • B29D99/0028Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings hollow blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00Wings
    • B64C3/26Construction, shape, or attachment of separate skins, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C9/00Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40Weight reduction

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

一种组装航空器操纵面(1、1’)、具体是高升力装置和翼部的工艺允许在短时间内实现平滑的操纵面,其中,操纵面由上蒙皮(2)和下蒙皮(9)限定,上蒙皮(2)意于通过连接至前翼梁(3)而形成操纵面的前缘(4),其中,上蒙皮和下蒙皮由未硬化就通过粘合剂紧固至操纵面的结构元件(3、5、6、7)的层状复合材料制成;且其中,复合材料的树脂和粘合剂同时在高压釜中被硬化。

Description

航空器操纵面的组装工艺
技术领域
本发明的主题是组装航空部件的工艺,航空部件具体地一般是副翼、高升力装置或襟翼以及限定航空器的所谓操纵面的其它翼部。
特别地,本发明涉及民用航空器的诸如襟翼和前缘缝翼之类的操纵面的构造,这些构造借助主结构元件、即翼梁、桁条和前缘的集成共固化工艺由先进复合材料制成,本发明的目的在于减少组装各部分的成本并获得空气动力学上净形的结构,从而允许减少航空器的燃料消耗。
背景技术
在完全同步的固化中,共固化这个动作意味着:在固化期间却尚未硬化时借助粘合剂将复合轧制部段粘附至另一材料或支承件或粘附至适于粘附或布置成粘附的材料(巴尔沙木、泡沫塑料、细胞状或蜂窝状材料)的同时,促使复合轧制部段的固化(或硬化)。由此,在共固化中,紧固粘合剂的复合分层元件的树脂被同时硬化。
襟翼或高升力装置是运动表面,这些运动表面集成在机翼结构中,目的在于根据操纵来修改机翼结构的升力面积,从而尤其在着陆或起飞阶段中获得较大的升力并保持,或者甚至在减速时建立升力。
襟翼由驾驶舱借助液压机械系统或电气机械系统通过合适的操纵来致动,且襟翼被电子地操纵。
襟翼通过两个被称为蒙皮的外部元件来实现,蒙皮是限定操纵面的层状部件,蒙皮与结构元件集成,各蒙皮之间通过铆接连接,并通过铆接连接至多个被称为翼肋的横向结构。传统的构造设置为结构元件与前缘之间通过铆接连接。
然而,铆接是保持显著精确度的缓慢工艺,却不能实现完全平滑的表面。
美国专利第6,638,466号描述了一种组装航空操纵面的工艺,其中,操作面由下蒙皮和上蒙皮限定,下蒙皮意于通过连接至前翼梁而形成操纵面的前缘。
国际申请第WO 2008/082437号描述了一种借助真空技术而实现的翼肋复合材料。
作为本发明基础的技术问题是提供一种组装操纵面的工艺,该工艺允许消除参考现有技术所提到的缺陷。
发明内容
根据本发明的工艺的主要优点在于以下事实:允许在短时间内实现平滑的操纵面。
本发明的特点在于以下事实:由于借助集成的结构元件来生产蒙皮而显著减少了铆接的数量,从而避免了随后通过额外的铆接来安装这些蒙皮。
附图说明
下文将参考附图,根据通过示例而并非出于限制目的提供的本发明的优选实施例来描述本发明,附图中:
图1示出了借助根据本发明的工艺获得的外侧高升力装置的局部立体图;
图2示出了借助根据本发明的工艺获得的内侧高升力装置的局部立体图;
图3示出了借助根据本发明的工艺获得的内侧高升力装置的局部立体图,其中,可见到带有翼梁、桁条和集成前缘的上蒙皮,以及内侧襟翼的典型等截面结构;
图4示出了借助根据本发明的工艺获得的内侧高升力装置的另一部分的局部立体图,其中,可见到带有翼梁、桁条和集成前缘的下蒙皮,以及内侧襟翼的典型等截面结构;
图5示出了根据本发明的组装工艺的一步骤;
图6示出了借助根据本发明的工艺获得的内侧高升力装置的局部立体图,其中,可见到集成在外侧襟翼的典型锥形结构上的带有翼梁、桁条的上蒙皮;
图7示出了在组装期间的上蒙皮的图;
图8示出了在组装期间的上蒙皮的根据不同角度的另一图;以及
图9示出了带有集成前缘的上蒙皮的细节图。
具体实施方式
这些集成结构的生产系统通过专用设备提供了外蒙皮、内部结构元件和前缘的现有构造。该生产系统通过刚性金属工具和柔性工具的组合系统来实现,从而确保由碳纤维制成的轧制部段所需的紧密度并允许在高压釜中处理。
通过由于存在于各结构的端部处的减少的厚度而在设计工具和执行分层的模式时采用特定的装置,该构思甚至可适于梯形和锥形。
通过参考图1和6,根据本发明的工艺获得了简称为襟翼的外侧高升力装置1的一段;该段包括由特别是碳纤维的分层材料制成的上蒙皮2,上蒙皮2借助与限定襟翼的前缘4的前翼梁3共固化或同时硬化的工艺实现。
此外,在中间位置有桁条5,并且有后翼梁6和横向肋。这些部件是结构元件,其借助共固化步骤被紧固,而不是通过常规的铆接或钉接进行紧固,在共固化步骤中,尚未固化的由碳纤维制成的上蒙皮通过粘合剂被紧固至翼梁、桁条和肋部。
上蒙皮是指副翼的上部上的操纵面,必须注意到,在边缘上,操纵面通过围绕前翼梁3依附而弯曲,以相对于机翼的后缘形成前缘4。
整个组件被插入安装在合适的框架8上的高压釜中(图5),在高压釜中,碳纤维树脂和粘合剂同时硬化。
相对地,图2和3示出了根据相同工艺构造的航空器内侧高升力装置1’,相同的附图标记用于相同的部分。
上蒙皮2紧固至前翼梁3和后翼梁7并紧固至桁条5,且上蒙皮2通过实现内侧襟翼的典型的等截面结构而以集成的方式形成前缘4。
通过参考图4,替代地示出了下蒙皮9,下蒙皮9形成面向下的操纵面并与上蒙皮2接合。
图6替代地示出了上蒙皮2的示例,其中,前翼梁3、后翼梁7和桁条5集成在外侧襟翼典型具有的渐缩结构上。
通过参考图7和8中示出的图,图7和8详细示出了外侧襟翼的某些部分。必须注意到,由紧固至前翼梁3、后翼梁7和桁条的上蒙皮2确定的操纵面不具有铆接。
在图9中,会理解到,上蒙皮2完全集成在前翼梁3上,以形成前缘4,但仍不具有任何铆接。
本发明的产品已经受功能性测试,测试已表明该结构性原理和生产方法确保了认证需求所要求的性能,并因而该原理可应用至商业中存在的甚至不是航空器的其它类型的相似结构。
对于上述组装工艺,本领域技术人员为了满足附加的且不确定的需求可引入若干修改和变型,然而,所有这些修改和变型均落在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种组装航空器操纵面的工艺,其中,所述操纵面由上蒙皮和下蒙皮限定,所述上蒙皮和所述下蒙皮由层状复合材料制成,所述操纵面由前翼梁、后翼梁、纵向桁条和横向翼肋组装而成,所述工艺包括以下步骤:
通过将所述上蒙皮的一个边缘围绕所述前翼梁借助所述上蒙皮与所述前翼梁之间的粘合剂弯曲并粘附而形成前缘;
借助所述粘合剂将所述后翼梁、所述纵向桁条和所述横向翼肋紧固至所述上蒙皮;
放置所述下蒙皮以连结所述上蒙皮,以形成所述操纵面,从而获得安装在框架上的组件,此时,所述上蒙皮和所述下蒙皮的所述层状复合材料尚未硬化;以及
将所述组件和所述框架一起放置在高压釜中并使所述上蒙皮和所述下蒙皮的所述层状复合材料和所述粘合剂两者同时硬化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装航空器操纵面的工艺,其特征在于,所述操纵面是高升力装置和翼部。
CN201580054985.9A 2014-10-08 2015-10-08 航空器操纵面的组装工艺 Active CN107000826B (zh)

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BR112017007404A2 (pt) 2018-06-19
EP3204292B1 (en) 2020-01-15
BR112017007404B1 (pt) 2022-05-17
US10252822B2 (en) 2019-04-09
ES2784499T3 (es) 2020-09-28
JP6681049B2 (ja) 2020-04-15
EP3204292A1 (en) 2017-08-16
PL3204292T3 (pl) 2020-07-13
JP2017531596A (ja) 2017-10-26
WO2016055964A1 (en) 2016-04-14
US20170240299A1 (en) 2017-08-24
PT3204292T (pt) 2020-04-02

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