CN106997839B - A kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials - Google Patents
A kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN106997839B CN106997839B CN201710173093.1A CN201710173093A CN106997839B CN 106997839 B CN106997839 B CN 106997839B CN 201710173093 A CN201710173093 A CN 201710173093A CN 106997839 B CN106997839 B CN 106997839B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2223/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J2225/00
- H01J2223/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J2223/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2225/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J2225/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials, by being longitudinally inserted into one section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure among the cavity of rectangular waveguide, the current density direction that this one half part of complementary openings ring resonance structure produces is opposite with symmetrical another half part, so as to which the induced field produced is cancelled out each other, reduce magnetic responsiveness, there is stronger electric field resonance response between the horizontal minor matters of i.e. two half parts at the aperture slots, show negative permittivity ε and the Meta Materials electromagnetic property of negative magnetic permeability μ, and longitudinal resonance field strength can be formed in the upper and lower surface of the periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure, be conducive to the interaction of the charged particle and electromagnetic wave of ribbon-like electron note.Compared with traditional slow-wave structure, the present invention possesses the coupled impedance of higher, can obtain higher power output and interaction efficiency, that is, electronic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave electric vacuum technology field, more specifically, the one kind being related in backward wave tube amplifier part
Slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials.
Background technology
Microwave electron tube refers under vacuum conditions, realizes that microwave is believed in interelectrode movement using charged particle
Number vibration or amplification a kind of device.One feature of this device maximum is to produce very high power output, this
Allow for microwave electron tube can play the role of in fields such as electronic countermeasure, satellite communications it is important.
The high speed development of solid-state devices and space flight, the active demand of military field, bring to microwave electron tube
Challenge and opportunity.New-generation microwave electron tube not only requires high power, high-performance, it is also desirable to have high reliability,
It can produce and manufacture the features such as cost is low in batches, disclosure satisfy that new application demand and challenge.
Backward wave tube (Backward Wave Oscillator, abbreviation BWO) is also referred to as backward wave oscillator, is that numerous microwave electricity are true
Widely used a kind of device in pocket part, the working mechanism of backward wave tube are occurred using back space harmonics and electronics note
Synchronous interaction is so as to produce self-oscillation.As a kind of typical microwave electric vacuum tube, backward wave tube has wide-band tuning, spectral line
Narrow, the features such as power is big, efficient, it is widely used in the fields such as radar and electronic interferences, can be also put as High-Power Microwave
The promotion source of big device.Slow-wave structure is the device that microwave signal carries out energy exchange with electronics note in backward wave tube.
Meta Materials are also known as metamaterial, anisotropic media, meta-materials and left-handed material etc., refer to that one kind has natural material
The artificial composite structure or composite material of the not available extraordinary physical property of material.This artificial composite structure or composite material energy
It is enough that negative magnetic conductivity or negative dielectric constant are shown under certain frequency range.The electromagnetic property of Meta Materials uniqueness is in development Gao Gong
Rate microwave electron tube etc. also has huge application potential, in recent years, United States Air Force laboratory and Massachusetts science and engineering
The scientific research institutions such as institute (MIT) also report Meta Materials in the achievement in research such as the theory in electrovacuum field and experiment, these achievements
Show that application of the Meta Materials on microwave electron tube will be a kind of new research direction and have a wide range of applications.
Slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials is to utilize the periodic structure of Meta Materials and produce slow wave characteristic, so as to carry out energy
A kind of device exchanged.Such device not only has the characteristics that high power, high efficiency, also has body compared with traditional slow-wave structure
Product is small, and two-dimension plane structure is more advantageous to processing and assembles, and production cost is low, is advantageously implemented miniaturization, integrated and batch
The advantages that production, therefore the slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials is a kind of new type slow wave structure having a high potential.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials, with
The output power and electronic efficiency of slow-wave structure are improved,
For achieving the above object, the slow-wave structure of the invention based on Meta Materials, including：
One rectangular waveguide；
It is characterized in that, further include：
One section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure；The periphery of each complementary openings ring resonance structure is a metal square
Shape frame, extends one section of metal strip, the terminal of metal strip inwardly in long side (broadside) point midway of metal rectangular frame
Re-extended respectively to two narrow side directions of metal rectangular frame, form the horizontal minor matters of a segment length；Equally, in rectangular frame
An other long side center is symmetrically formed one section of metal strip and horizontal minor matters again inwardly；Multiple complementary openings ring resonance knots
The metal rectangular frame of structure is placed between two long sides of rectangular waveguide centre position up and down, and horizontal longitudinal direction is (along rectangular waveguide transmission side
To) be sequentially inserted into the cavity of rectangular waveguide, the long side longitudinal direction of each complementary openings ring resonance structure is to it, and and rectangular waveguide
Long side is consistent, such one section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure；
The upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure and the long side up and down of rectangular waveguide form electron channel, band
Shape electronics note from upper surface, lower surface or the upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure by, and with periodically
Complementary openings resonance ring structure uploads defeated electromagnetic wave and carries out energy exchange.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this.
Slow-wave structure of the invention based on Meta Materials, by being longitudinally inserted into one section of periodicity among the cavity of rectangular waveguide
Complementary openings resonance ring structure, the current density direction that this one half part of complementary openings ring resonance structure produces with it is symmetrical another
One half part reduces magnetic responsiveness, so that i.e. two half portions at aperture slots on the contrary, so as to which the induced field produced is cancelled out each other
There is stronger electric field resonance response between the horizontal minor matters divided, show the Meta Materials electricity of negative permittivity ε and negative magnetic permeability μ
Magnetic characteristic, can form longitudinal resonance field strength, favorably in the upper and lower surface of the periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure
In the interaction of the charged particle and electromagnetic wave of ribbon-like electron note.Compared with traditional slow-wave structure, the present invention possesses higher
Coupled impedance, can obtain higher power output and interaction efficiency (electronic efficiency)；Furthermore the present invention is two dimensional surface knot
Structure, can also launch ribbon-like electron note at the same time in the upper and lower surface of slow-wave structure, can not only further improve output
Power and electronic efficiency, additionally it is possible to carry out single note, double note switch operatings realize power adjustable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is slow-wave structure a kind of structure diagram of embodiment of the invention based on Meta Materials；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the slow-wave structure a cycle based on Meta Materials shown in Fig. 1, wherein, (a) is solid
Figure, (b) are the longitdinal cross-section diagram of the complementary openings resonance ring structure in slow-wave structure, and (c) is complementary openings resonance ring structure
View in transverse section；
Fig. 3 is that slow-wave structure single electron note of the present invention based on Meta Materials passes through structure diagram；
Fig. 4 is that slow-wave structure bielectron note of the present invention based on Meta Materials passes through structure diagram；
Fig. 5 is the resonance of periodicity complementary openings shown in Fig. 1 ring structure and probe feed attachment structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is Brillouin's curve map that slow-wave structure of the present invention based on Meta Materials is formed；
Fig. 7 is the coupled impedance curve map that slow-wave structure of the present invention based on Meta Materials is formed；
Fig. 8 is the normalized dispersion curve that slow-wave structure of the present invention based on Meta Materials is formed.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to those skilled in the art preferably
Understand the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that in the following description, when known function and the detailed description of design perhaps
When can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these descriptions will be ignored herein.
Fig. 1 is slow-wave structure a kind of structure diagram of embodiment of the invention based on Meta Materials.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials of the invention, including rectangular waveguide 1 and one
Section periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2；Periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2 is by multiple complementary openings ring resonance structures
Metal rectangular frame 201 be placed between 1 two long sides 101 of rectangular waveguide centre position up and down, in the present embodiment, rectangular waveguide
The center position of 1 two narrow sides 102, horizontal longitudinal direction are sequentially inserted into the cavity of rectangular waveguide 1 (along 1 transmission direction of rectangular waveguide)
Middle formation, the long side longitudinal direction of long side, that is, metal rectangular frame 201 of each complementary openings ring resonance structure is to it, and and rectangular waveguide
1 long side is consistent.
The upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2 forms electronics note with the long side up and down 101 of rectangular waveguide 1
Passage, ribbon-like electron note from upper surface, lower surface or the upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2 by, and
Energy exchange is carried out with the electromagnetic wave transmitted on periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2.
As shown in Figure 1, rectangular waveguide 1 and 2 material of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure are oxygen-free copper.Base of the present invention
In the slow-wave structure of Meta Materials, there is natural electron beam channel, and inner space opens, and all-metal construction is beneficial to heat dissipation, adopts
Interaction is carried out with electromagnetic wave with ribbon-like electron note, there is higher output power and electronic efficiency, and can singly note, double notes
Work, simple in structure, easy to process, production cost is low, it can be achieved that miniaturization, integrated and batch production, be it is a kind of have compared with
The slow-wave structure suitable for backward wave oscillator of big potentiality.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the slow-wave structure a cycle based on Meta Materials shown in Fig. 1, wherein, (a) is solid
Figure, (b) are the longitdinal cross-section diagram of the complementary openings resonance ring structure in slow-wave structure, and (c) is complementary openings resonance ring structure
View in transverse section.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), (b), the periphery of the complementary openings ring resonance structure of a cycle is one
A metal rectangular frame 201, the long side point midway i.e. right side extension inwardly on a long side, that is, left side of metal rectangular frame
One section of metal strip 202, to two narrow sides of metal rectangular frame 201, i.e. two edge directions are again up and down respectively for the terminal of metal strip 202
Extension, forms the horizontal minor matters 203 of a segment length；Equally, in the long side on the right of an other long side for rectangular frame is
I.e. left side is symmetrically formed one section of metal strip and horizontal minor matters again inwardly for point position.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), (b), two or so two minor matters 203 form a pair of of complementation in complementary openings ring resonance structure
Split ring resonator, current density direction that symmetrical one half part of the left side of this complementary openings ring resonance structure produces and the other half
Magnetic responsiveness is reduced in part on the contrary, so as to which the induced field produced is cancelled out each other, and has stronger electric field to resonate at aperture slots
Response, shows negative permittivity ε and the Meta Materials electromagnetic property of negative magnetic permeability μ, in the periodicity complementary openings resonance
The upper and lower surface of ring structure can form longitudinal resonance field strength, be conducive to the charged particle and electromagnetic wave of ribbon-like electron note
Interaction.
As shown in Fig. 2 (b), (c), the complementary openings ring resonance structure size for defining a cycle is as follows：Complementary openings are humorous
The ring structure thickness that shakes is t, and internal length and width dimensions are W1*L2, and exterior length and width dimensions are W4*L1, i.e. two half parts of opened gap
Distance between horizontal minor matters is d2, and horizontal minor matters length is W2, width d1, strip width W3,1 shell of rectangular waveguide
Highly it is c.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), (c), in the complementary openings ring resonance structure of a cycle, metal rectangular
The relation of the narrow side L1 of frame 201 and the electromagnetic wave operation wavelength λ of transmission meet：L1<0.25 λ, the length W2 of horizontal minor matters 203 and
The long side W1 of metal rectangular frame 201 meets：2W2<W1, forms between the width d1 of horizontal minor matters 203, the horizontal minor matters of two half parts
Aperture slots width d2 and metal rectangular frame 201 narrow side inner length L2 meet：(d2+2*d1)<L2.
In this embodiment, devise a kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials for being operated in C-band, other frequency ranges based on
The slow-wave structure of Meta Materials can be zoomed in and out in this implementation structure and can obtained.In the present embodiment, the structure of specific embodiment
Size is as follows：L1=6.8mm, L2=5.8mm, W1=20mm, W4=21mm, d2=1.8mm, W2=8.6mm, d1=1.2mm,
W3=1.2mm, t=1.0mm, c=20mm.
As shown in Figure 1, the metal rectangular frame 201 of multiple complementary openings ring resonance structures is placed in 1 two long sides of rectangular waveguide
Centre position, horizontal longitudinal direction are sequentially inserted into the cavity of rectangular waveguide 1 (along rectangular waveguide transmission direction) up and down between 101, often
The long side of a complementary openings ring resonance structure, that is, metal rectangular frame 201 long side longitudinal direction to it, and with 1 long side 101 of rectangular waveguide
Unanimously, such one section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2.
Fig. 3 is that slow-wave structure single electron note of the present invention based on Meta Materials passes through structure diagram.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, ribbon-like electron note 3 can be in the upper of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2
Surface or lower surface are by the way that and the electromagnetic wave with being transmitted on periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure 2 carries out energy exchange, this
The problems such as structure causes the area of space of energy exchange relatively to open, advantageously account for heat dissipation and electron accumulation, it can ensure micro-
Ripple electron tube working life and job stability.
Fig. 4 is that slow-wave structure bielectron note of the present invention based on Meta Materials passes through structure diagram.
Due to full symmetric above and below slow-wave structure of the present invention based on Meta Materials, in periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure
2 upper and lower surfaces can produce symmetrical longitudinal field, there is natural symmetrical electron beam channel, therefore can be in periodicity complementary openings
The upper and lower surface of resonance ring structure 2 respectively adds ribbon-like electron note, can so make full use of longitudinal field component and electronics note into
Row energy exchange, further improves the output power and electronic efficiency of microwave electron tube.In addition, this present invention is based on super
The slow-wave structure of material can carry out single note, double note switch operatings, realize power or frequency-adjustable.
Fig. 5 is the resonance of periodicity complementary openings shown in Fig. 1 ring structure and probe attachment structure schematic diagram.
In this embodiment, as shown in figure 5, using probe by slow wave knot of the electromagnetic wave signal feed-in present invention based on Meta Materials
It is periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure one end in structure, the electromagnetism that electromagnetic wave signal propagates generation negative dispersion in the structure shown here is slow
Ripple forms self-oscillation, and notes progress energy exchange with electronics and obtain the amplification of signal, and the signal of amplification is again towards opposite side
Exported to propagation and close to one end of electron gun.
Emulation is optimized to the slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials first by simulation software, obtains an optimal high frequency
Structure；Secondly energy coupling structure is designed using software, carries out energy coupling by the way of probe here, probe is straight
Connect and carried out in succession with periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure one end, the other end, which stretches into, carries out energy coupling inside standard output waveguide
Close；Finally respectively single and two ribbon-like electron notes are carried out with the analog simulation of note ripple interaction using PIC particle simulations software,
Draw final electric parameter and homogeneous tube structure.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, obtaining phase shift under the present embodiment structure sizeWith frequency f (or freely
Space wave number k and phase constant β) relation curve, that is, usually said Brillouin's curve map.Any point is vertical on curve
The ratio between coordinate and abscissa are the ratio between phase velocity and the light velocity vp/ c, it can be seen that be fast wave and slow wave, wherein 0~π is zero degree space
Harmonic wave (fundamental wave), the π of corresponding π~2 are -1 subharmonic, and the π of 2 π~3 is+1 subharmonic, and the π of 3 π~4 is that -2 subharmonic fundamental waves are backward wave,
And 0~π is backward wave, the π of π~2 is forward-wave.A light velocity line and 31.5kV operating voltage lines, light are provided in figure at the same time respectively
The region of fast line left end is fast wave, and the region of right end is slow wave.It can be seen that major part falls in slow wave region, 31.5KV works
Making pressure-wire and backward wave area has intersection, can be used to design a kind of new backward wave oscillator.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the normalized dispersion curve map obtained under the present embodiment structure size.It is horizontal
Coordinate is frequency f, and ordinate is phase velocity vpWith the ratio between light velocity c vp/ c, it can be seen directly that returning corresponding to each frequency point from figure
One changes phase velocity vpThe size of/c, in the embodiment scheme of this experiment in the bandwidth of 4.5~5.5GHz phase velocity vpFor 0.24c~
0.96c, is 0.5289c in the phase velocity of center frequency point 5GHz.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 8, the coupled impedance curve map obtained under under the present embodiment structure size, coupling
The physical quantity that impedance is the significant degree for reacting charged particle and high frequency field interactions is closed, coupled impedance is bigger to represent note
The degree of ripple interaction is stronger, and 415~660 ohm of coupled impedance can be produced in the bandwidth of 4.5~5.5GHz, in center frequency
Coupled impedance size at point 5GHz is 463 ohm.
Although the illustrative embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel understand the present invention, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, if various change appended claim limit and definite the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these
Change is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of slow-wave structure based on Meta Materials, including：
One rectangular waveguide；
It is characterized in that, further include：
One section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure；The periphery of each complementary openings ring resonance structure is a metal rectangular
Frame, extends one section of metal strip, the terminal of metal strip is respectively to metal inwardly in a long side point midway of metal rectangular frame
Two narrow side directions of rectangle frame re-extend, and form the horizontal minor matters of a segment length；Equally, at other one of metal rectangular frame
Long side center is symmetrically formed one section of metal strip and horizontal minor matters again inwardly；The metal of multiple complementary openings ring resonance structures
Rectangle frame is placed between two long sides of rectangular waveguide centre position up and down, and horizontal longitudinal direction is inserted successively along rectangular waveguide transmission direction
In the cavity for entering rectangular waveguide, the long side of each complementary openings ring resonance structure is longitudinally-aligned, and with rectangular waveguide long side direction
Unanimously, one section of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure is so formed；
The upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure and the long side up and down of rectangular waveguide form electron channel, banding electricity
Son note from upper surface, lower surface or the upper and lower surface of periodicity complementary openings resonance ring structure by, and with it is periodically complementary
The electromagnetic wave transmitted on opening resonance loop structure carries out energy exchange.
2. the slow-wave structure according to claim 1 based on Meta Materials, it is characterised in that the metal rectangular frame it is narrow
The relation of side L1 and the electromagnetic wave operation wavelength λ of transmission meet：L1<0.25 λ, the length W2 of horizontal minor matters and metal rectangular frame
Long side W1 meets：2W2<W1, the width d2 of the aperture slots formed between the width d1 of horizontal minor matters, the horizontal minor matters of two half parts
And the narrow side inner length L2 of metal rectangular frame meets：(d2+2*d1)<L2.
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| CN108417195B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2023-11-10 | 山东理工大学 | Medium-low frequency sound absorption metamaterial structure based on resonant cavity |
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| CN110473755B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-05-22 | 电子科技大学 | Ring rod strip line slow wave structure clamped at two sides |
| CN112820608B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-04-08 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Low-frequency-band slow-wave structure based on metamaterial |
| CN114005718B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-08-04 | 南通大学 | Connecting rod ladder type symmetrical split ring slow wave structure |
| CN114142240B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-04-18 | 西南交通大学 | Small-sized low-voltage metamaterial slow-wave structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114389043B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-11-10 | 广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司 | Slow wave structure, microstrip transmission line, integrated feed network and base station antenna |
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