CN106994142B - Loquat extract and loquat black tea extract buccal tablets capable of reducing blood sugar prepared from loquat extract - Google Patents
Loquat extract and loquat black tea extract buccal tablets capable of reducing blood sugar prepared from loquat extract Download PDFInfo
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loquat extract and a buccal tablet of a loquat black tea extract for reducing blood sugar prepared from the loquat extract, and belongs to the technical field of foods. The invention takes loquat and black tea as the basis, and sequentially extracts by water, 50 percent ethanol and 75 percent ethanol, recovers to low concentration alcohol for sedimentation, centrifugalizes, uses diatomite for reflux decoloration of the sediment, then uses macroporous absorption resin for absorption, uses 50 percent ethanol for elution, and dries the eluent to obtain the loquat black tea extract. 30-40 parts of loquat black tea extract, 50-70 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part of mannitol, 0.5-1 part of magnesium stearate, 0.5-1 part of aspartame and 1-5 parts of citric acid; the preparation method comprises the steps of pretreating the components in parts by weight, and then performing granulation and tabletting processes to obtain a finished product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a loquat extract and a buccal tablet of a loquat black tea extract for reducing blood sugar prepared from the loquat extract, belonging to the technical field of foods.
Background
Loquat leaf is dried leaf of eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) lindl. of eriobotrya of rosaceae, is a common traditional Chinese medicine and is collected in the Chinese pharmacopoeia of the calendar edition for clinical use in traditional Chinese medicine. The loquat fruit can be eaten, the loquat flower can be prepared into scented tea for drinking, the loquat leaf belongs to a plant resource which can be used as both medicine and food at present, has the functions of clearing lung-heat, relieving cough, calming adverse-rising energy and preventing vomiting, and is used for treating symptoms such as cough due to lung heat, dyspnea due to adverse flow of qi, vomiting due to stomach heat, dysphoria with smothery sensation and thirst and the like. Recent research finds that the triterpenic acid chemical component separated from the loquat leaves has remarkable hypoglycemic activity.
Type II diabetes is a common metabolic disorder disease of human body, belongs to the category of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine, the general pathogenesis is directly related to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, and because the disease has longer morbidity cycle and is related to the self dietary structure and metabolic level of the human body, the blood sugar control in the early stage of morbidity is considered as the best prevention and treatment means. Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease caused by the co-participation and interaction of genetic and environmental factors. With the continuous improvement of the consumption level of people, the intake of high-calorie, high-sugar and high-fat food is remarkably increased, so that the population of patients with diabetes is continuously increased, more than 3000 thousands of diabetic patients in China are in the top of the world, and the absolute number of the patients is the top of the world.
In the treatment of diabetes, the blood sugar rise is mainly controlled and complications are prevented and treated through medicines. The traditional Chinese medicine compound is superior to western medicine combination medicine in aspects of reducing blood sugar, losing weight, reducing blood fat and improving insulin resistance, and the two are respectively good.
However, the buccal tablets sold in the market have a plurality of varieties, and the buccal tablets have various characteristics in taste, but the buccal tablets are generally used for clearing and benefiting throat, aiming at throat diseases and less aiming at preventing and controlling metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and the like. In addition, most of the buccal tablets sold in the market are crude extracts of traditional Chinese medicines or medicinal and edible raw materials, have low content of effective substances and have no health-care effect on human bodies.
Two main loquat leaf health-care teas developed at present are prepared by taking loquat leaves as raw materials and processing the loquat leaves through the processes of picking, sorting, cleaning, water-removing, rolling and the like. For example, in CN104322833A, "a processing method of loquat leaf tea", CN104705460A "a processing method of loquat leaf tea" and CN104171169A "a preparation method of wild loquat leaf tea", the health tea is prepared by processing single loquat leaves as raw materials, and has single component and certain defects in curative effect and taste. The other one is prepared by taking loquat leaves as a main raw material, compounding other medicinal and edible materials such as lotus leaves, ginger slices, liquorice, orange peel and the like, and carrying out drying, crushing, mixing and other processes. For example, in CN104543197A, "an herbal tea containing loquat leaves and its preparation method", CN103719311A "a loquat leaf health tea for treating stomach heat" and CN100366177C "a loquat leaf health tea", these compound loquat leaf health teas have the problem of poor taste, although some other materials are added, which improves the efficacy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a loquat extract and a buccal tablet of the loquat black tea extract for reducing blood sugar prepared from the loquat extract. The preparation method of the loquat extract has simple process and high yield, and improves the content of main effective substances in loquat leaves. The preparation method of the loquat extract improves the content of the triterpenic acid chemical components in the extract and increases the hypoglycemic activity of the obtained extract; meanwhile, the buccal tablet is prepared by adding the black tea extract, is beneficial to carrying and convenient to use, and the effective medicine is directly absorbed through oral mucosa, so that the loss of the digestive tract is avoided, and the absorption utilization rate of the medicine components is improved; has important value and contribution to clinical health care and the like, has comprehensive efficacy, is superior to similar products in the market, and provides a new selected preparation form for clinical patients.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of loquat leaf hypoglycemic extract, which has simple process and high yield and improves the content of main effective substances in loquat leaf.
The preparation method of the loquat leaf extract comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and crushing loquat leaves;
(2) performing ultrasonic extraction for more than one time by using 50-95% (v/v) ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 5-1: 10, the ultrasonic frequency is 40-60 Hz, and the extraction time is 40-60 min;
(3) centrifuging the obtained extract to remove precipitate, collecting filtrate, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the alcohol content is less than or equal to 30% (by mass) to obtain low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution;
(4) standing the concentrated solution obtained in the last step at 0-10 ℃ for a period of time, removing supernatant, and centrifuging the rest to obtain precipitate;
(5) drying the precipitate, dissolving in ethanol, mixing with nonpolar macroporous resin, and drying under reduced pressure;
(6) and (3) loading the macroporous adsorption resin dried in the previous step into a chromatographic column, eluting with 8-12 times of column volume of pure water, discarding a pure water eluent, eluting with 8-12 times of column volume of 40-60% ethanol, collecting the eluent, concentrating into a fluid extract, drying and crushing.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the step (1) is performed by pulverizing to 60-120 mesh.
In an embodiment of the invention, the 50-95% ethanol in step (2) is subjected to ultrasonic extraction, wherein 50-60% ethanol is used for extraction for 25-30 min, and then filtered or centrifuged to obtain an extract, and then 75-95% ethanol is used for extraction, and the extract is combined.
In one embodiment of the invention, the step (4) is standing for 24-72 hours; the centrifugation is carried out for 10-30 minutes at 1000-3000 r/min.
In one embodiment of the invention, the step (5) is performed by dissolving 95% ethanol at 30-50 ℃ in a volume ratio of 3: 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the added mass of the nonpolar macroporous resin in the step (5) is the same as the precipitation mass; the pressure reduction is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃.
In one embodiment of the invention, the elution flow rate of the pure water added in the step (6) is 30-100 mL/min; the elution speed of adding ethanol for elution is 20-50 mL/min.
The second object of the present invention is to provide an extract having an inhibitory effect on α -amylase and α -glucosidase, which is the extract of loquat leaves according to the present invention.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a plant medicine buccal tablet for preventing or relieving diabetes, which comprises 15-25 parts by weight of loquat leaf extract, 10-20 parts by weight of black tea extract, 50-70 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part by weight of mannitol, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium stearate, 0.5-1 part by weight of aspartame and 1-5 parts by weight of citric acid.
The preparation method of the black tea extract is different from that of the loquat leaf extract only in raw materials, and other processes and steps are consistent.
In one embodiment of the invention, the buccal tablet is prepared by mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, and then performing granulation and tabletting processes to obtain a finished product.
In one embodiment of the invention, the buccal tablet is prepared by mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, granulating the mixture by using 95% ethanol as a binding agent, drying at 45-55 ℃ for 1 hour, granulating by using a 20-mesh sieve, and preparing into the buccal tablet with the diameter of 1-2 cm by using a tablet press.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
(1) the invention improves the process, and effectively improves the content of total triterpenic acid in the loquat leaf extract, in particular the content of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. The invention adopts an ultrasonic ethanol extraction mode, can be extracted at normal temperature, effectively improves the content of beneficial components and prevents the degradation loss of the beneficial components.
(2) The loquat leaf extract of the present invention has obvious alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibiting effect.
(3) The loquat leaf extract disclosed by the invention is used for preparing buccal tablets, and not only can be used for treating diabetes symptoms, but also can play a role in regulating blood sugar. The buccal tablet disclosed by the invention selects edible and edible food materials, is prepared according to a special formula, extracts and concentrates the active ingredients of the edible and edible food materials, is prepared into the buccal tablet, is favorable for carrying and convenient to use, and avoids the loss of the digestive tract and improves the absorption utilization rate of the medicinal ingredients because the active medicaments are directly absorbed through oral mucosa; has important value and contribution to clinical health care and the like, has comprehensive efficacy, is superior to similar products in the market, and provides a new selected preparation form for clinical patients.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an HPLC chart of the total triterpenic acid sample from loquat leaves prepared by the method of the present invention, wherein the components corresponding to the retention times of 31.5min and 33.5min are oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, respectively.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below.
Example 1: preparation of loquat leaf extract
Preparation method of loquat leaf extract
(1) Drying and crushing loquat leaves;
(2) ultrasonically extracting with 50% ethanol for 25min, centrifuging to obtain extractive solution, and ultrasonically extracting with 75% ethanol for 15 min; wherein the material-liquid ratio of ultrasonic extraction is 1:10, and the ultrasonic frequency is 45 Hz;
(3) mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging the obtained extractive solution to remove precipitate, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain low alcohol concentration concentrate with alcohol content of less than or equal to 30%;
(4) storing the low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution at 0 ℃ for 24 hours, removing supernatant, and centrifugally settling the precipitate at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain precipitate;
(5) drying the precipitate, adding 95% ethanol (1:1) at 30 deg.C for dissolving, adding nonpolar macroporous adsorbent resin with a mass of 1:1 of the precipitate, stirring, and drying under reduced pressure at 40 deg.C;
(6) loading macroporous adsorbent resin with loquat extract adsorbed into chromatographic column, adding 10 times of column volume of pure water for eluting at flow rate of 30mL/min, discarding pure water eluate, adding 10 times of column volume of 50% ethanol for eluting at elution rate of 20mL/min, collecting eluate, concentrating into fluid extract, oven drying, and pulverizing.
Example 2: preparation of loquat leaf extract
Compared with example 1, only step (2) is different. In this embodiment, the step (2) is specifically:
performing ultrasonic extraction with 50% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:10, ultrasonic frequency of 45Hz, and extraction time of 40 min.
Example 3: preparation of loquat leaf extract
Compared with example 1, only step (2) is different. In this embodiment, the step (2) is specifically:
ultrasonically extracting with 50% ethanol for 25min, centrifuging to obtain extractive solution, and ultrasonically extracting with 75% ethanol for 15 min; wherein the material-liquid ratio of ultrasonic extraction is 1:10, and the ultrasonic frequency is 25 Hz.
Example 4: preparation of loquat leaf extract
Preparation method of loquat leaf extract
(1) Drying and crushing loquat leaves;
(2) performing ultrasonic extraction with 95% ethanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1:5, ultrasonic frequency of 40Hz, and extraction time of 60 min;
(3) mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging the obtained extractive solution to remove precipitate, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain low alcohol concentration concentrate with alcohol content of less than or equal to 30%;
(4) storing the low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution at 10 ℃ for 72 hours, removing supernatant, and centrifugally settling a precipitate part at 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a precipitate;
(5) drying the precipitate, adding 95% ethanol (1:1) at 50 deg.C for dissolving, adding nonpolar macroporous adsorbent resin with a mass of 1:1 of the precipitate, stirring, and drying under reduced pressure at 50 deg.C;
(6) loading macroporous adsorbent resin with loquat extract adsorbed into chromatographic column, adding 10 times of column volume of pure water for eluting at flow rate of 100mL/min, discarding pure water eluate, adding 10 times of column volume of 50% ethanol for eluting at elution rate of 50mL/min, collecting eluate, concentrating into fluid extract, oven drying, and pulverizing.
Example 5: preparation of loquat leaf extract
Preparation method of loquat leaf extract
(1) Drying and crushing loquat leaves;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic extraction by using 75% ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1:8, the ultrasonic frequency is 55Hz, and the extraction time is 50 min;
(3) mixing extractive solutions, centrifuging the obtained extractive solution to remove precipitate, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain low alcohol concentration concentrate with alcohol content of less than or equal to 30%;
(4) storing the low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution at 4 ℃ for 48 hours, removing supernatant, and centrifugally settling the precipitate at 2000 rpm for 22 minutes to obtain precipitate;
(5) drying the precipitate, adding 95% ethanol (1:1) at 45 deg.C for dissolving, adding nonpolar macroporous adsorbent resin with a mass of 1:1 of the precipitate, stirring, and drying under reduced pressure at 50 deg.C;
(6) loading macroporous adsorbent resin with loquat extract adsorbed into chromatographic column, adding 10 times of column volume of pure water for eluting at flow rate of 60mL/min, discarding pure water eluate, adding 10 times of column volume of 50% ethanol for eluting at elution rate of 40mL/min, collecting eluate, concentrating into fluid extract, oven drying, and pulverizing.
The results of examining the loquat leaf extract obtained in examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to detect the content of each effective component by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the chromatographic conditions are as follows: the chromatographic column is fixed with carbon octadecyl silica gel, and the mobile phase of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (90:10:0.03:0.06), the flow rate is 1mL/min, and the detection wavelength is 215 nm. The retention time of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid detected by the method is 31.5min and 33.5min respectively (see figure 1).
TABLE 1 main triterpenic acid content in loquat leaf extract
| Group of | Oleanolic acid (mg/g) | Ursolic acid (mg/g) |
| Example 1 | 200 | 182 |
| Example 2 | 182 | 143 |
| Example 3 | 163 | 162 |
| Example 4 | 154 | 125 |
| Example 5 | 103 | 171 |
Therefore, according to the method, the extract with high content of beneficial components such as oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and the like can be obtained, and after separation and purification by macroporous adsorption resin, the oleanolic acid content and the ursolic acid content in each 1g of the extract are as high as about 200 mg.
Example 6: influence of extraction method on extraction effect of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in loquat leaves
Control 1: the steps (4) to (6) in the embodiment 1 are omitted, and the low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution obtained in the step (3) is directly concentrated into fluid extract, dried and crushed. The results showed that the obtained extract had an oleanolic acid content of only 32 mg/g.
Control 2: the extraction time of ultrasonic extraction with 95% ethanol in example 1 was prolonged to 35min, and other conditions were unchanged, and the results showed that the obtained extract had ursolic acid content of 98mg/g and oleanolic acid content of 82 mg/g.
Control 3:
(1) ultrasonic extraction: drying and crushing loquat leaves, firstly carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 25min by adopting 50% ethanol, centrifuging to obtain an extracting solution, and then carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 15min by adopting 75% ethanol; wherein the material-liquid ratio of ultrasonic extraction is 1:10, and the ultrasonic frequency is 45 Hz.
(2) Soxhlet extraction: adding 75mL of methanol into the crushed dry batch leaves, cold soaking for 15min, extracting for 2h at 60 ℃ in a Soxhlet extractor, concentrating by a rotary evaporator, transferring the solution into a 10mL volumetric flask by using the methanol, metering the volume and shaking up. 4mL of the sample was aspirated by a pipette and centrifuged (8000r/min, 5min) in a 5mL centrifuge tube. Filtering with 0.45 μm microporous membrane.
(3) Reflux extraction: adding 75mL of methanol into the crushed dry batch leaves, cold soaking for 15min, extracting for 2h at 60 ℃ in a reflux extraction device, concentrating by a rotary evaporator, transferring the solution into a 10mL volumetric flask by using the methanol, metering the volume and shaking up. 4mL of the sample was aspirated by a pipette and centrifuged (8000r/min, 5min) in a 5mL centrifuge tube. Filtering with 0.45 μm microporous membrane.
The samples prepared by the 3 methods are injected with 20 mu L of sample under the set chromatographic conditions by using an RP-HPLC method for measurement, and the results show that the ratios of oleanolic acid obtained by Soxhlet extraction and reflux extraction in the total triterpene acid are only about 8% and 5% respectively of ultrasonic extraction, and the ratios of ursolic acid obtained by Soxhlet extraction and reflux extraction in the total triterpene acid are only about 9% and 4% respectively of ultrasonic extraction, which are shown in the table below.
Example 7: hypoglycemic effect of loquat leaf extract
Effect of the loquat leaf extract obtained in examples 1 and 3 on fasting plasma glucose in hyperglycemic mice
The experimental method comprises the following steps: 30 normal male SD rats (150-220 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups, one group was a normal diet group, the other group was a high-fat high-sugar diet group, and the other group was a high-fat high-sugar diet + loquat extract group. In the loquat extract dried group, the loquat leaf extract (240 mg/kg of the loquat leaf extract in example 1 and 300mg/kg of the loquat leaf extract in example 3) was orally administered at 10mL/kg body weight for 1 time per day for 28 days continuously. At the last administration, each group was administered after fasting for 4h, and fasting was continued for 2 h. Blood was collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus of rats, and serum was separated to determine blood glucose by glucose oxidase method.
As a result: as shown in Table 2, 240mg/kg or 300mg/kg of the loquat leaf extract significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01) in the hyperglycemic rats compared to the normal group, and the plasma glucose was significantly higher in the high-fat hyperglycemic rats than in the normal group, demonstrating the success of the hyperglycemic model (P < 0.01).
TABLE 2 influence of loquat extract on fasting plasma glucose in SD hyperglycemic rats (X + -SD)
| Group of | LDL-C(mmol/L) | TG(mmol/L) | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) |
| Normal group | 0.81±0.19 | 0.76±0.15 | 5.46±0.45 |
| High fat and high sugar group | 1.53±0.23 | 1.71±0.33 | 7.96±0.98 |
| Loquat extract preparation | 0.83±0.18 | 0.93±0.14 | 4.98±1.15 |
Example 8: buccal tablet of loquat black tea extract for reducing blood sugar
According to the parts by weight, 15 parts of the loquat leaf extract prepared in example 1, 20 parts of the black tea extract, 50 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 1 part of mannitol, 1 part of magnesium stearate, 0.5 part of aspartame and 1 part of citric acid are taken. In comparison with the preparation method of the loquat leaf extract in example 1, the preparation method of the black tea extract is different only in raw materials (the black tea used as the raw material is keemun black tea), and other processes and steps are consistent.
Mixing the above materials at a certain ratio, granulating with 95% ethanol as binder, drying at 55 deg.C for 1 hr, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, and making into buccal tablet with diameter of 2cm by tabletting machine. Sterilizing for 10 min by normal temperature and ultrahigh pressure technology to obtain the final product.
Example 9: buccal tablet of loquat black tea extract for reducing blood sugar
According to the parts by weight, 25 parts of the loquat leaf extract prepared in example 1, 10 parts of the black tea extract, 70 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5 part of mannitol, 0.5 part of magnesium stearate, 1 part of aspartame and 5 parts of citric acid are taken. In comparison with the preparation method of the loquat leaf extract in example 1, the preparation method of the black tea extract is different only in raw materials (the black tea used as the raw material is keemun black tea), and other processes and steps are consistent.
Mixing the above materials at a certain ratio, granulating with 95% ethanol as binder, drying at 45 deg.C for 1 hr, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, and making into buccal tablet with diameter of 1cm by tabletting machine. Sterilizing for 5 minutes by normal temperature and ultrahigh pressure technology to obtain the finished product.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the loquat leaf extract is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drying and crushing loquat leaves;
(2) carrying out ultrasonic extraction for more than one time by using 50-95% ethanol, wherein the material-liquid ratio is 1: 5-1: 10, the ultrasonic frequency is 40-60 Hz, and the extraction time is 40-60 min;
(3) centrifuging the obtained extract to remove precipitate, and concentrating under reduced pressure until the alcohol content is less than or equal to 30% to obtain a low-alcohol-degree concentrated solution;
(4) standing the concentrated solution obtained in the last step at 0-10 ℃ for a period of time, removing supernatant, and centrifuging the rest to obtain precipitate;
(5) drying the precipitate, dissolving in ethanol, mixing with nonpolar macroporous resin, and drying under reduced pressure;
(6) loading the macroporous adsorption resin dried in the previous step into a chromatographic column, eluting with 8-12 times of column volume of pure water, discarding pure water eluent, eluting with 8-12 times of column volume of 40-60% ethanol, collecting eluent, concentrating into fluid extract, drying, and pulverizing;
wherein 50-95% ethanol in the step (2) is subjected to ultrasonic extraction, 50-60% ethanol is firstly adopted for extraction for 25-30 min, and an extracting solution is obtained through filtration or centrifugation; then extracting by using 75-95% ethanol, and combining the extracting solutions.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) is standing for 24-72 hours; the centrifugation is carried out for 10-30 minutes at 1000-3000 r/min.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the elution flow rate of the pure water added in the step (6) is 30-100 mL/min; the elution speed of adding ethanol for elution is 20-50 mL/min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the added mass of macroporous resin in the step (5) is the same as the precipitation mass; the pressure reduction is carried out at a temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is performed by pulverizing to a particle size of 60-120 mesh.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) is carried out by dissolving 95% ethanol at 30-50 ℃ in a volume ratio of 3: 1.
7. An extract having an inhibitory effect on α -amylase and α -glucosidase, wherein the extract is an extract of loquat leaves obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The plant medicine buccal tablet for preventing or relieving diabetes is characterized by comprising 15-25 parts by weight of loquat leaf extract, 10-20 parts by weight of black tea extract, 50-70 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-1 part by weight of mannitol, 0.5-1 part by weight of magnesium stearate, 0.5-1 part by weight of aspartame and 1-5 parts by weight of citric acid, wherein the loquat leaf extract is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
9. The plant medicine buccal tablet for preventing or relieving diabetes as claimed in claim 8, wherein the buccal tablet is prepared by mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, and then performing granulation and tabletting processes to obtain a finished product.
10. The plant medicine buccal tablet for preventing or relieving diabetes according to claim 8, characterized in that the buccal tablet is prepared by mixing the raw materials according to a ratio, granulating the mixture by using 95% ethanol as a binding agent, drying for 1 hour at 45-55 ℃, granulating by using a 20-mesh sieve, and preparing into buccal tablets with the diameter of 1-2 cm by using a tablet press.
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