CN106993458B - Method and system for improving corn moisture utilization efficiency - Google Patents
Method and system for improving corn moisture utilization efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn, comprising the following steps: evaluating the drought degree of crops; selecting a root breaking period; determining the root cutting amount; calculating the spatial distribution of the root system of the corn in the current growth period; determining the depth of the broken root; determining the position of a broken root; and (5) root cutting. The method of the invention adopts the evaluation of the climate and the field moisture degree, and determines the root breaking amount according to the early growth and drought evaluation of the corn. The development condition of the corn root system is judged by establishing a root system distribution mathematical model, so that the time, the position, the depth and other parameters of root breaking are determined. The system adopts a method of root breaking and condensation, prevents the nutrient liquid from flowing out of the cutting knife after the root system of the crop is cut off, reduces the flow impairment as much as possible, ensures that the crop after the root breaking quickly returns to the original growth vigor, avoids crop yield reduction and even withering caused by the necrosis of the root breaking part, improves the utilization rate of water resources in the growth process of the crop, and improves and maintains the soil moisture and the fertility of the farmland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn, which are water-saving and environment-friendly farmland management measures and are a method and a system for improving the water utilization efficiency of crops.
Background
Corn is a main food crop, water resource shortage becomes a main factor limiting high yield of corn in semi-arid dry farming agricultural areas, the most strongly competitive environmental resource among plant individuals is soil moisture, and a root system is the most important organ for water competition. The growth and development conditions of the root system are closely related to the crop yield, the coordinated development of the overground part and the underground part of the crop can be promoted by reasonably regulating and controlling the growth of the root system, and the improvement of the crop yield is facilitated.
In the practice of agricultural production, the coordinated development of overground and underground groups is promoted through reasonable agricultural measures, the efficient utilization of crop water resources is realized, and the method is always the key point of dry land agricultural research.
At present, the water utilization efficiency of crops is improved by using a root breaking (root damaging) mode under the condition of little yield change. However, the method can cause the 'bleeding' of the broken root part, the liquid flowing out of the broken root part is rich in nutrients required by the growth of crops, the loss is too much, the growth vigor is weakened, the growth vigor of the crops is influenced within a period of time after the root is broken, and even the crop yield is reduced or even the crops wither due to the necrosis of the broken root part.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn. The method and the system determine the amount of the broken roots according to the early growth and drought evaluation of the corn, determine the position, the depth and the angle of the broken roots according to the development condition of the root system of the corn, and heat the broken root part at the same time of the broken roots by using a mechanical device, thereby avoiding the' bleeding of the broken root part, avoiding the evaporation of bleeding liquid and the entering of foreign matters, reducing or even eliminating the condition that the growth of the crops is affected after the broken roots, and effectively improving the water resource utilization efficiency and the drought-resistant yield-preserving benefit and effect of the corn.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a method for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of evaluating the drought degree of crops: firstly, evaluating the drought degrees of crops in different growth periods under the condition of a historical long sequence, and evaluating the real drought degree of the crops in the current growth period; if: the real drought degree is greater than the historical drought degree, and meanwhile, the evaluation of the historical drought degree shows that the drought is in a strengthening trend, namely the drought degree in the next growth period is greater than the current growth period, and the root cutting amount needs to be determined according to the real drought degree in the current growth period;
selecting a root breaking period: selecting a corn jointing stage as a time for root breaking treatment according to the corn growth process;
determining the root cutting amount: according to the climate and the dry and wet degree of soil, determining 10-40% of the root cutting amount of the broken roots;
calculating the spatial distribution of the root system in the current growth period of the corn: fitting by using various functions according to the information of a development stage with a complete root system, establishing a corn root system growth model according to the principle that relative errors are small and correlation is obvious, and determining the distribution of the corn root system according to the corn root system growth model;
determining the root breaking depth: determining the root breaking depth according to the distribution of the corn root system;
determining the root breaking position: according to the distribution of the corn root system determined by a corn root system growth model, a main stem is used as a center to draw a circle, the dry weight of the root system contained in the circle accounts for 25% -50% of the total dry weight, and a tangent line parallel to the plant row of the circle is used as a root breaking position;
root cutting: and cutting off the root system of the corn according to the selected root cutting time, the selected root cutting position and the selected root cutting depth, removing part of secondary roots, cutting off the root system of the corn and simultaneously coagulating the cut part, preventing the wound flow and reducing the damage of the cut root to the root system of the crop.
Further, the root cutting positions are 23cm, 20cm, 18cm and 15cm away from the two sides of the main stem, and the root cutting depth is as follows: vertically cutting down for 20cm, wherein the root cutting amount is respectively 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%.
A system for improving corn moisture utilization efficiency for implementing the above method, the system comprising: the root cutting knife is characterized by comprising at least one root cutting knife and a knife rest, wherein the root cutting knife is arranged on a tractor frame, the knife rest is provided with the root cutting knife, a coagulator is arranged on the root cutting knife or the knife rest, and the coagulator is connected with a coagulator power supply arranged on a tractor.
Furthermore, a cutting depth control mechanism is arranged on the tool rest or the connecting frame, and a cutting position control mechanism is arranged between the root cutting tools.
Furthermore, the root cutting knife and the coagulator are provided with ultrasonic transducer cutters, and the ultrasonic transducers are connected with an ultrasonic power supply arranged on a tractor.
Further, the cutter with the ultrasonic transducer is a sickle-shaped cutter or a disc-shaped cutter.
Furthermore, the root breaking knife is a disc-shaped cutter with cutting teeth at the outer edge, the coagulator is an electrocoagulator, and the electrocoagulator is connected with a power supply of the electrocoagulator arranged on the tractor.
Furthermore, the electrocoagulator is narrow slits formed along the radial direction of the cutter head, and electrodes are arranged in pairs in the narrow slits.
Furthermore, the disc-shaped cutter is connected with a power shaft of the tractor through a transmission shaft.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method of the invention adopts the evaluation of the climate and the field moisture degree, and determines the root breaking amount according to the early growth and drought evaluation of the corn. The development condition of the corn root system is judged by establishing a root system distribution mathematical model, so that the time, the position, the depth and other parameters of root breaking are determined. The system adopts a method of root breaking and condensation, prevents the nutrient liquid from flowing out of the cutting knife after the root system of the crop is cut off, reduces the flow impairment as much as possible, ensures that the crop after the root breaking quickly returns to the original growth vigor, avoids crop yield reduction and even withering caused by the necrosis of the root breaking part, improves the utilization rate of water resources in the growth process of the crop, and improves and maintains the soil moisture and the fertility of the farmland.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the position of the root system of corn and the root-cutting cut on both sides of the row of corn plants according to example two of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of root-cutting on both sides of a row of corn plants according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a disc-shaped root cutter of an electrocoagulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is a method for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn. The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) evaluating the drought degree of crops: firstly, evaluating the drought degrees of crops in different growth periods under the condition of a historical long sequence, and evaluating the real drought degree of the crops in the current growth period; if: the real drought degree is larger than the historical drought degree, and meanwhile, the evaluation of the historical drought degree shows that the drought is in a strengthened trend, namely the drought degree in the next growth period is larger than the current growth period, and the root cutting amount needs to be determined according to the real drought degree in the current growth period.
Drought assessment: the calculation of the parmer method and the modified PDSI index can be used.
(1) The pamer method: the Palmer (some translate to pamier) considers that the Drought period is a period of continuous water deficit, and the Drought degree can be regarded as a function of water deficit and duration, and on the basis of the definition, the Palmer Drought Index (some translate to "Drought pattern") capable of analyzing the Drought degree is proposed in 1965, and the Palmer Drought Index (PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index) is used for expressing the Severity of the Drought. In establishing the mode, Palmer firstly proposes the precipitation amount of 'proper current climate' (CAFEC) different from the long-term average precipitation amount (CAFEC)
) The concept of (1), namely meeting the requirements of regional economic operation and the proper water demand for biological growth water, is called the 'current climate-appropriate' precipitation.
The PDSI index calculation method comprises the following steps: the calculation process of the Palmer index is complex, firstly, each water balance component is calculated, and the related climate coefficient, evapotranspiration coefficient, water supplement coefficient, runoff coefficient and water loss coefficient are solved, so that the climatically proper precipitation amount for the current situation is obtained
。
The first step is as follows: calculating actual values, possible values and average values of components of the monthly water balance by the long-term meteorological data sequence, wherein the actual values, the possible values and the average values comprise actual evapotranspiration ET, possible evapotranspiration PE, actual runoff RO, possible runoff PRO, actual water supplement R, possible water supplement PR, actual water loss L and possible water loss PL;
the second step is that:α、β、γandδthe evaporation coefficient, the water supplement coefficient, the runoff coefficient and the water loss coefficient are respectively called, and the calculation expressions are respectively
；
；
；
。
The third step: calculating the amount of the climatically suitable precipitation:
in the formula
-the amount of evapotranspiration that is suitable in climate,
。
the fourth step: calculating the water filling and shortage value of the water,
。
the fifth step: the water content abnormality index is calculated,
。
in order to obtain a drought index which is independent from time and space, the Palmer is subjected to experience processing for many times, a climate characteristic constant K reflecting the supply and demand relationship of a region is given as a weight factor, and the calculation expression of the K is as follows:
wherein D is the average of the absolute values of each month D. And writing the weight factor K as K after correction, wherein the final water content pitch index is as follows:
。
and a sixth step: on the basis, a Palmer drought index calculation formula is established by further considering the duration factor:
in the formula: i-month i；X i -drought index in the month;X i-1-drought index of previous month.
(2) Calculation method of corrected PDSI index:
researchers obtain a corrected PDSI index formula according to the data of China Jinan and Zhengzhou:
X i =Z i /57.136+0.805X i-1(1.5)
determining the drought level in North China: by adopting the average data of 160 temperature and rainfall months in China from 1951 to 2000 which are compiled by the China weather bureau, the monthly average PDSI index in the North China is calculated, and compared with the dry and wet grades of the Palmer index, the North China is determined to be mostly moderate drought and has very strong drought and flood persistence, particularly 1999 to 2000, the drought in the North China is very serious. In order to ensure that the corn has a certain yield under the drought condition, a root cutting mode is provided, the root water utilization efficiency is improved, and the yield is stable as much as possible.
(II) selecting a root breaking period: according to the growth process of the corn, the jointing stage of the corn is selected as the time for root cutting treatment.
The growth period of corn includes: seedling stage, jointing stage, emasculation stage, flowering stage, spinning stage and maturation stage. Wherein, the growth of roots and leaves and the differentiation of stem nodes are mainly carried out in the stage of jointing. During the summer maize flowering period (tasseling-maturing), the vegetative growth is basically finished for 30-40 days, and the summer maize is converted into a reproductive growth period with flowering, powder scattering, fertilization and fructification as the center, so that the summer maize is a key period for forming yield and determining grain number and grain weight of ears. Therefore, the time point for root cutting is selected in the jointing stage (middle and last 7 months) according to the growth period of the corn.
(III) determining the root cutting amount: according to the climate and the dry and wet degree of soil, the root cutting amount of 10-40 percent of the broken roots is determined.
The root cutting amount is generally between 10% and 40%, and according to four dry and wet grades in North China: mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought, the root-cutting amount was rated as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, respectively, as shown in the following table.
And (IV) calculating the spatial distribution of the root system in the current growth period of the corn: fitting by using various functions according to the data of the more complete development stage of the root system, establishing a corn root system growth model according to the principle that the relative error is smaller and the correlation is more obvious, and determining the distribution of the corn root system according to the corn root system growth model.
According to the main index condition influencing the corn root system development in the early stage, the parameters of the corn root system calculation model are selected, then the distribution condition of the corn root system is calculated by utilizing the model, and the position, the depth and the angle of the root cutting are determined by combining the root cutting amount determined above.
The mathematical simulation method of the corn root system distribution comprises the following steps: the following formulas are adopted for both the longitudinal distribution simulation and the transverse distribution simulation of the corn root system:
performing mathematical fitting on transverse and longitudinal distribution of the corn root system, wherein y represents the accumulated length (cm) of the root system, and k represents the depth (cm) of the soil layer when the longitudinal distribution of the root system is calculated; when the root system is transversely distributed, x represents the distance (cm) from the center of the plant; and k, a and b are root system model parameters, and the model parameters are determined according to factors such as accumulated temperature, soil moisture and rainfall which influence the development of the corn root system, the corn variety and the growth period. Here, k =1287, a =0.017, and b =0.071 are taken as examples.
Determining the root system distribution of the corn: the person in question obtains the following results by fitting the equation: in the longitudinal distribution of corn root systems, 50% of the total root systems in the jointing stage are distributed in a soil layer of 0-20 cm, and 90% of the total root systems are distributed in a soil layer of 0-35 cm; in the transverse distribution of the corn root systems, 65% of the total root systems in the jointing stage are distributed in a soil layer with a fixed radius of 0-20 cm, and 90% of the total root systems are distributed in a soil layer with a radius of 0-33 cm.
And (V) determining the root breaking depth: and determining the root breaking depth according to the distribution of the corn root system.
According to the distribution of the corn roots, the main roots are distributed in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, and meanwhile, the cutting depth is determined to be 20cm and a vertical cutting mode is adopted for facilitating the operation of root breaking mechanical equipment.
Sixthly, determining the position of the broken root: according to the distribution of the corn root system determined by the corn root system growth model, a circle is drawn by taking the main stem as the center, the circle D in figure 2 indicates that the dry weight of the root system contained in the circle accounts for 25-50% of the total dry weight, and the tangent line parallel to the plant row of the circle is taken as the position of the broken root.
And (4) according to a root distribution fitting equation, when the depth is 20cm, the cumulative length y of the root system is =205 cm. When the root breaking rate is 10%, substituting the fitting equation to obtain the corresponding accumulated length y =184.8cm of the root system, and reversely deducing the distance x from the center of the corn stalk to be about 23cm by the equation. Therefore, it is calculated that, when the root breaking rate is 10%, 20cm of the corn plant needs to be vertically cut downwards at a distance of 23cm from the center of the corn plant. Similarly, the distances x from the center of the corn plant to the center of the corn plant were calculated to be 20cm, 18cm and 15cm at 20%, 30% and 40% of the root-cutting rate, respectively, according to the above method.
(VII) root breaking: and cutting off the root system of the corn according to the selected root cutting time, the selected root cutting position and the selected root cutting depth, removing part of secondary roots, cutting off the root system of the corn and simultaneously coagulating the cut part, preventing the wound flow and reducing the damage of the cut root to the root system of the crop.
Taking corn sowed in the big area in the north of China as an example, the corn is mostly summer corn, generally sowed at the beginning of 6 months, and harvested at the beginning of 10 months after seedling stage, jointing, emasculation, flowering, silking and milk maturity.
The root mass is mainly expressed in root weight and root length. The root weight is one of main indexes of lodging resistance and drought resistance, and the root weight density is the root weight in unit volume. The root length is an important index for measuring the growth and the absorption capacity of the root system, and the root length density is the root length in unit soil volume.
The corn root system is generally divided into primary root (radicle), secondary root and supporting root according to the generation period, position, shape and function. The downward growth rates of the root systems of the corns during different growth periods are different, namely the downward growth rate is the largest from the male drawing period to the silking period, the growth rate is the smallest from the seedling period to the jointing period which is next to the male drawing period to the silking period, and the growth rate is the smallest from the jointing period to the male drawing period. The corn root length basically decreases with the increase of the soil depth, and the root length of a 0-20 cm soil layer accounts for the maximum proportion of the root length of the whole layer; along with the increase of the depth, the corn root length density is basically degressive, the root length density of a soil layer of 0-20 cm is the largest, and the corn root weight density is basically reduced along with the increase of the soil depth.
Therefore, the root injury position of the corn is subjected to root breaking according to the specific position determined in the operation steps, the numerical range of the root injury position not only keeps the main root system to ensure the growth of the corn, but also achieves the purpose of root injury.
The influence of the damaged roots on the growth of the corns is firstly inhibited and then promoted, and the increase of the photosynthetic rate, the leaf area and the biomass of the corns can be inhibited in the initial stage after the roots are damaged, so that the growth of the corns is inhibited; but the corn can be recovered to be normal in the later period (about 20 days after the root is damaged generally), the growth of the corn can be promoted, the photosynthesis of the corn and the accumulation of photosynthetic products can be promoted, the water utilization efficiency of the leaf level can be improved, and finally the yield can be increased. On the other hand, the root injury time of the corn cannot be too late, and if the root injury time is too late, the root injury only has an inhibiting effect on the growth of the corn, so the root injury in the seedling stage is selected. If the root injury treatment is carried out in the maize tasseling period, the maize flowers and silks in the latter days after the root injury, the recovery period after the root injury is the key period of maize yield formation, and if the growth of the maize is inhibited, the maize yield and biomass can be greatly reduced.
Example two:
the present embodiment is an improvement of the first embodiment, and is a refinement of the first embodiment regarding the root breaking position. In this embodiment, the root cutting positions are at two sides of the main stemx 1=23cm、x 2=20cm、x 3=18cm、x 4At the position of =15cm, see fig. 1 and 2, the depth of broken roothComprises the following steps: vertically cutting 20cm downwards, as shown in figure 1, wherein the root cutting amount is 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively.
Northern summer corn is generally sown at the beginning of 6 months and seedlings emerge in about one week, the root cutting time of the corn is selected in the seedling stage of the corn, the root cutting treatment is carried out when the corn grows to 5-6 leaves, part of secondary roots are removed, and the undercut position is marked in figure 2. The root-damaging measure of the corn seedling stage obviously improves the whole yield of the corn, reduces water consumption, improves the biological yield and water utilization efficiency of the corn after root damage, and improves the seed yield.
The biomass water utilization efficiency is calculated according to the following formula:
biomass water utilization efficiency = biological yield/water consumption.
Example three:
the embodiment is a system for improving the corn moisture utilization efficiency by implementing the method, and the system comprises: the root cutting machine comprises at least one root cutting knife 1 and a knife rest 2, wherein the root cutting knife 1 is installed on a tractor frame, the knife rest 2 is provided with the root cutting knife, a condenser 3 is installed on the root cutting knife or the knife rest, and the condenser is connected with a condenser power supply 5 installed on a tractor 4, as shown in figures 3 and 4.
The embodiment is a system for realizing the mechanized root breaking operation of the root breaking method. The system comprises:
a root cutting knife: can be an ultrasonic root breaking knife or an electrocoagulation root breaking knife.
The tool rest can be provided with a positioning device: and measuring the distance between the middle shaft and the plant by adopting a laser range finder, a carry stepping motor and an inclined stepping motor, and adjusting the relative position and angle of the cutter.
A control console can be mounted on the tractor: and displaying the distance between the cutter and the plant and the cutting angle of the cutter so as to be convenient to adjust.
A power device: in the case of a condenser requiring a large power: the special diesel generator is provided, and the inverter is configured to convert approximate voltage, current and frequency.
Appropriate weighting: the self-weight adjusting device is used for adjusting the self-weight of the whole cutting system according to the soil resistance during root cutting.
The root cutter can be directly inserted into soil by adopting an appliance similar to a sickle, is driven by a tractor to move forward, and cuts off the root system by utilizing the cutting capability of the blade point. The disc-shaped root cutting knife can be adopted, a sharp knife edge is formed at the edge of the disc-shaped root cutting knife, or a tool for generating vibration by using ultrasonic waves is used, so that the excessively sharp knife edge is not needed at the edge of the disc-shaped root cutting knife, and the root cutting operation can be effectively carried out. The outer edge of the disc can be provided with cutting teeth, the power shaft of the tractor is used for driving the disc to rotate, and the cutting teeth are used for cutting off the root system.
The tool rest is a connecting piece for connecting the tractor and the root breaking knife, when the root breaking knife is a disc-shaped root breaking knife needing rotary motion, the tool rest is also provided with a rotating shaft, and when the root breaking knife is provided with an ultrasonic transducer, the tool rest also has the effect of isolating vibration so as to avoid the transmission of the ultrasonic vibration to the tractor frame.
The coagulator may be an ultrasonic coagulator and an electrocoagulator. The ultrasonic coagulator utilizes the action of ultrasonic vibration to generate frictional heat to coagulate the fracture of the root system. The electric condenser is a condensing mode which utilizes the breakdown heat generated between electrodes due to the liquid filling. Both methods can achieve obvious coagulation effect and have respective advantages.
When the corn is in the jointing stage, the height of the plant is not high, and a mode of simultaneously operating a plurality of root cutters can be adopted to improve the operating efficiency. Such as: two root-cutting knives are arranged in pairs at two sides of the plant row to cut off secondary roots at two sides of the plant simultaneously.
Example four:
this embodiment is an improvement of the third embodiment, and is a refinement of the third embodiment regarding the tool holder. The knife rest is provided with a cutting depth control mechanism, and a cutting position control mechanism is arranged between a group of root cutting knives.
In the operation of root cutting, the crop growth vigor in each field is different, and the size of plant, root system is different, and consequently, the distance and the degree of depth of root cutting have needs to be adjusted, and consequently, this embodiment has set up and has cut a position control mechanism with the distance between position and the plant stem of adjustment cutting root system. Meanwhile, a cutting depth control mechanism is also arranged to adjust the depth of the root cutter cutting into the soil.
The cutting depth control mechanism described in this embodiment is actually a mechanism for adjusting the vertical displacement of the root cutting knife, and the root cutting knife is tightly locked after the adjustment is finished, and cannot be loosened during the root cutting operation.
Similarly, the cutting position control mechanism is also a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the two root cutting knives, and the root cutting knives are fastened and locked after the adjustment is finished, so that the root cutting knives cannot loosen in the root cutting operation.
Example five:
this embodiment is a modification of the above embodiment, and is a refinement of the above embodiment with respect to the condenser. The root cutter and the coagulator are provided with ultrasonic transducer cutters, and the ultrasonic transducers are connected with an ultrasonic power supply arranged on a tractor.
The condenser used in this embodiment utilizes the principle that ultrasonic waves vibrate at a high speed to promote the surfaces of objects to generate heat by friction. The specific scheme of this embodiment is that an ultrasonic transducer is installed on the root breaking knife, so that the knife face of the root breaking knife and the cut root fracture rub against each other and generate heat, the fracture is promoted to be condensed, and the bleeding injury is prevented.
The cutter of the ultrasonic root cutter can be in the shape of a sickle with a wide and thick cutter face and also can be in the shape of a disc.
When the knife is sickle-shaped, the blade can be sharp, and mechanical cutting can be performed by using the sharp blade. The blade may also be less sharp, i.e. cut by ultrasonic vibrations, but the energy required to use ultrasonic transducers for ultrasonic cutting is greater, necessitating the installation of a special ultrasonic power supply with a generator and corresponding inverter equipment on the tractor.
When the cutter is disc-shaped, cutting teeth may be provided on the outer edge of the disc shape, the cutting teeth being used to mechanically cut the root system and the coagulation being performed using ultrasonic waves. Or the outer edge of the disc is not provided with cutting teeth, and the cutting is directly carried out by utilizing ultrasonic vibration.
The disc-shaped cutter has the advantage that the cutter face and the fracture are directly in large contact area, so that the coagulation of the fracture of the root system is facilitated.
Example six:
the present embodiment is a modification of the above-described embodiments, and is a refinement of the above-described embodiments with respect to the tool. The tool with the ultrasonic transducer according to the present embodiment is a sickle-shaped tool or a disc-shaped tool.
Example seven:
the present embodiment is a modification of the above-described embodiments, and is a refinement of the above-described embodiments with respect to the tool. The root cutter is a disc-shaped cutter with cutting teeth on the outer edge, the coagulator is an electrocoagulator, and the electrocoagulator is connected with an electrocoagulator power supply arranged on a tractor.
The root system fracture coagulation mode that this embodiment adopted utilizes the electric shock mode of heating, burns the root system fracture department, prevents the torrent. The electrodes can be mounted on the knife surface, or narrow slits can be formed at the time, and the electrodes are arranged in pairs in the narrow slits. When the fracture passes through the electrodes, liquid flowing out of the fracture fills the space between the two electrodes which are installed in pairs, and due to the conductivity of the liquid, the two electrodes break down to form sparks to generate heat, so that the fracture is condensed.
Example eight:
this embodiment is a modification of the above-described embodiment, and is a refinement of the above-described embodiment with respect to the electrocoagulator. The electrocoagulator of this embodiment is a narrow slit 101 formed along the radial direction of the cutterhead, in which electrodes 102 are arranged in pairs, as shown in fig. 5.
In this embodiment, a plurality of narrow slits are formed in the cutter head, four narrow slits are formed in fig. 5, and electrodes are disposed in the narrow slits. The more narrow slits are provided, the better the electrocoagulation effect, but the disk-shaped cutter has poor strength. The edge of the cutter head in this embodiment is provided with cutting teeth 103 for mechanically cutting the root system, and therefore the cutter head in this embodiment needs power to drive the cutter head to rotate 104 around the rotating shaft to complete the cutting movement, see fig. 5.
Example nine:
this embodiment is a modification of the above-described embodiment, and is a refinement of the above-described embodiment with respect to the disc cutter drive. The disc-shaped cutter is connected with a power shaft of a tractor through a transmission shaft.
Because the disc-shaped cutter with the gear cutting needs to be driven by power to complete the root cutting function, the power of the tractor needs to be transmitted to each disc-shaped root cutting cutter through the transmission shaft, and therefore the transmission shaft is arranged in the embodiment, all the cutters are connected with the power shaft of the tractor together, and the power transmission is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above is only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention (such as the form of the root cutter, the connection manner between the elements of the system, etc.) can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the water utilization efficiency of corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of evaluating the drought degree of crops: firstly, evaluating the drought degrees of crops in different growth periods under the condition of a historical long sequence, and evaluating the real drought degree of the crops in the current growth period; if: the real drought degree is greater than the historical drought degree, and meanwhile, the evaluation of the historical drought degree shows that the drought is in a strengthening trend, namely the drought degree in the next growth period is greater than the current growth period, and the root cutting amount needs to be determined according to the real drought degree in the current growth period;
selecting a root breaking period: selecting a corn jointing stage as a time for root breaking treatment according to the corn growth process;
determining the root cutting amount: according to the climate and the dry and wet degree of soil, determining 10-40% of the root cutting amount of the broken roots;
calculating the spatial distribution of the root system in the current growth period of the corn: fitting by using various functions according to the data of the root development stage, establishing a corn root growth model according to the principle that the relative error is small and the correlation is obvious, and determining the distribution of the corn root according to the corn root growth model;
determining the root breaking depth: determining the root breaking depth according to the distribution of the corn root system;
determining the root breaking position: according to the distribution of the corn root system determined by a corn root system growth model, a main stem is used as a center to draw a circle, the dry weight of the root system contained in the circle accounts for 25% -50% of the total dry weight, and a tangent line parallel to the plant row of the circle is used as a root breaking position;
root cutting: cutting off the root system of the corn according to the selected root cutting time, the selected root cutting position and the selected root cutting depth, removing part of secondary roots, cutting off the root system of the corn and simultaneously coagulating the cut part, preventing the wound flow and reducing the damage of the cut root to the root system of the crop; the root is cut off by ultrasonic wave or an appliance with a blade, an ultrasonic coagulator or an electrocoagulator is adopted for coagulation treatment, and the ultrasonic coagulator generates frictional heat by utilizing the action of ultrasonic vibration to coagulate the fracture of the root system; the electric condenser is a condensing mode which generates heat by breakdown generated between electrodes due to liquid filling.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root cutting position is 23cm, 20cm, 18cm and 15cm from the two sides of the main stem, and the root cutting depth is as follows: vertically cutting down for 20cm, wherein the root cutting amount is respectively 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%.
3. A system for improving corn moisture utilization efficiency that implements the method of claim 1, the system comprising: the root cutting machine is characterized in that a coagulator is arranged on the root cutting knife or the knife rest, and the coagulator is connected with a coagulator power supply arranged on the tractor.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the tool holder or the connecting frame is provided with a cutting depth control mechanism, and a cutting position control mechanism is arranged between a group of root cutting tools.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the coagulator is an ultrasonic transducer connected to an ultrasonic power source mounted on the tractor.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the root cutter is a sickle-shaped cutter or a disc-shaped cutter.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the root cutter is a disc-shaped cutter having cutting teeth on an outer periphery thereof, the coagulator is an electrocoagulator, and the electrocoagulator is connected to a power source of the electrocoagulator mounted on the tractor.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein said electrocoagulator is a slit formed radially along the impeller, said slit having electrodes arranged in pairs.
9. A system according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the disc-shaped cutter is connected to the power shaft of the tractor by a drive shaft.
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| MXPA05007265A (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2006-01-17 | Nutra Park Inc | Method for treating plants and plant parts. |
| CN102144519B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-09-05 | 湖北一佳冬枣开发有限公司 | Root cutting and high-yield method for nutrition control of winter jujube tree |
| CN102422766A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 上海博琛生物科技有限公司 | Root cutting culturing method for melon |
| CN102612943A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving drought resistance of turf on garbage compost substrate |
| CN104170643A (en) * | 2014-08-31 | 2014-12-03 | 曹洪青 | Method for cultivating new variety of drought-tolerant wheat |
| CN106358981A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-02-01 | 周杰 | Transplanting method for camphor tree |
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