CN106989569A - A kind of vacuum freeze drier - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum freeze drier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106989569A CN106989569A CN201710249512.5A CN201710249512A CN106989569A CN 106989569 A CN106989569 A CN 106989569A CN 201710249512 A CN201710249512 A CN 201710249512A CN 106989569 A CN106989569 A CN 106989569A
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- vacuum
- cabin
- control system
- cold
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004577 thatch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
- F26B23/06—Heating arrangements using electric heating resistance heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system, the present invention, using cluster master control, the automatic control of sub-module, realizes the accurate, uniform, safe of heating by mode of heating；Because the heating module employs carbon infrared heating pipe as electric radiation element, the penetrability of its 95% emission conversion efficiency and 2 μm 15 μm of far infrared so that radiant heat transfer efficiency is substantially improved；Meanwhile, fluctuated by the phase of lyophilization 2 and parsing-desiccation 1 interim vacuum pressure so that heat transfer and mass-transfer efficiency in drying are improved to accelerate rate of drying；Controlled by multidata drying stage synthetic determination and refrigeration system, the automatic frequency-conversion of vacuum system so that equipment can obtain low energy consumption, high efficiency, the application effect of high dry mass by shirtsleeve operation control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying machine, specifically a kind of vacuum freeze drier.
Background technology
In recent years, vacuum freeze is more and more extensive in the application of medicine, health products and food service industry；Its work
Principle is：Under vacuum conditions (absolute pressure≤100Pa), to having been carried out the material (temperature be less than material eutectic point) of pre-freeze
(mainly radiant heating) is heated, the decilitre of the solid water in material Huawei vapor is overflowed material and is adsorbed onto cold-trap steaming
Hair device surface is so as to realize the drying of material.Although the form of equipment is varied, almost by drying cabin, cold-trap cabin (or
Referred to as hutch water device), refrigeration system, vacuum system, drying cabin heating system (abbreviation heating system) and control system composition；Mesh
Before, heating system is generally passed through the thermal energy conduction or spoke of steam (or conduction oil) after steam (or conduction oil) using shelf
Penetrate and give material (aftermentioned that fluid heat supply mode is referred to as to such a mode)；For mini-plant, also have and electric add is installed on the shelf
The technological means of thermal element (such as resistance wire, PTC or infrared heating pipe) is (aftermentioned to be referred to as electric heat supply side to such a mode
Formula).The advantage of fluid heat supply mode is：Heat supply is uniform, and control is simple；Have the disadvantage：Technology difficulty is big, corollary system complexity,
Cost is high, and radiation efficiency is low, and security is bad.The advantage of electric heat-supplying mode is：Technique is simple, cost is low, and security is good,
Radiation efficiency is high by the way of infrared heating pipe；Have the disadvantage：Heat supply is extremely uneven in the case of not taking special technique means
Even, this defect is especially protruded for freezing the slightly larger equipment of area.The process of vacuum freeze drying be divided into pre-freeze, lyophilization with
And parsing-desiccation three phases, prior art does not have clear and definite quantizating index to lyophilization and the judgement of parsing-desiccation, actual
Really also without clear and definite line of demarcation in the case of material size is more than 10mm in so that heat temperature raising needs to rely on experience
To be judged, heating in advance easily causes material effect of contraction freeze drying quality, and delayed heating can cause drying time extension, energy
Consumption and cost are improved.Meanwhile, vacuum freeze drying, which is one, should conduct heat (latent heat that supply material reclaimed water decilitre China needs) again
The process of mass transfer (vaporization moisture overflows from material and reaches cold-trap evaporator to be condensed again) is wanted, drying cabin absolute pressure is low to be had
Be conducive to heat transfer beneficial to mass transfer, drying cabin absolute pressure height, therefore in the different phase allotment suitable to the progress of drying cabin pressure
It is advantageous for accelerating rate of drying, improves freeze drying quality, but currently without ripe algorithm and control method, Stress control
Need the micro-judgment of operating personnel；Vacuum freeze drying means described on end, current, still big in investment, operating technology
Difficulty is big, the stage of high energy consumption, also has very big technological progress and improved space.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of vacuum freeze drier and corresponding control method, pass through simple equipment
Operation, realizes that accurately temperature and pressure is controlled, be finally reached low energy consumption, low cost, high efficiency, simple, safe target.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system, its
It is characterised by, described drying cabin is a front enabling periphery after the sealed pressure-resistant hollow sealing body of bulkhead, drying cabin
Some passages equipped with axial flow blower are uniformly opened up on bulkhead；The shelf of sandwich construction, shelf are fixed in drying cabin bulkhead
It is uniform on the upper radiant heating module for installing clustered control, every layer of shelf to place the metal tray for accommodating material, in shelf correspondence
Position in the middle part of pallet is installed by the thermistor of each heating module；The heating module is by temperature control circuit board, thermistor and carbon
Plain infrared heating pipe composition, the power supply supply of all heating modules and control signal lines are connected in parallel and by heatproof line
Cable and vacuum tight socket are connected with the control system dried out of my cabin；In supply line of the control system to all heating modules
It is upper that current detection sensor is housed；Respectively some temperature of charge sensors are arranged in drying cabin and by bus to distributing position
Mode is connected with control system；
It is used as the preferred scheme of the present invention：Vacuum equipped with vacuum pressure in measurement drying cabin on the bulkhead of the drying cabin
Meter；Automatically controlled charge valve is also equipped with the bulkhead of drying cabin, automatically controlled charge valve passes through connection to control system；In drying cabin
Rear is provided with the cold-trap cabin being tightly connected with aftbulkhead, and cold-trap cabin passes through the axle stream in the passage and passage on aftbulkhead
Blower fan realizes that air-flow is exchanged, and axial flow blower is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow and by vacuum tight socket and circuit
It is connected to control system；Close mode arranges cold-trap evaporator, the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator after being dredged before in cold-trap cabin
It is connected by pipeline with refrigeration system；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin opens up vacuum pumping opening and by sealing pipeline and vacuum system phase
Even；The bottom in cold-trap cabin is equipped with the switchable draining valve for the drainage being used in deicing processes, and refrigeration system is using high temperature/low
Warm two-stage compressor cascade refrigeration mode, by high-temperature level compressor, condenser, high-temperature level electric expansion valve, condenser/evaporator, low
Warm level compressor, low-temperature level electric expansion valve, cryogenic regenerator, safe expansion tank are constituted with the pipeline for connecting each refrigeration part,
Refrigeration system compressor motor is connected with the frequency converter of control system, the expansion valve of refrigeration system using electric expansion valve and with control
The stepper motor driver of system processed is connected；High temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor, cryogenic compressor are housed in refrigeration system
Exhaust gas temperature sensor and evaporating temperature sensor, in high temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor and cryogenic compressor delivery temperature
High temperature evaporation pressure sensor and low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor provided with measurement evaporating pressure in the pipeline that sensor is installed, on
4 temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors stated are connected with control system；Vacuum system uses Roots vaccum pump and rotary vane type
The mode that vavuum pump is combined, being equipped between Roots vaccum pump and rotary-vane vaccum pump prevents lubricating oil when rotary-vane vaccum pump is shut down
Into the vacuum solenoid in cold-trap cabin and the connecting tube equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter, the change of vaccum pump motor and control system
Frequency device is connected, and vacuum solenoid is connected with control system drive circuit, the signal input of intermediate pressure vacuum meter and control system
End is connected.
It is used as the preferred scheme of the present invention：The operating temperature range of the temperature control circuit board is -55 DEG C --+110 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is by mode of heating using cluster master control, point mould
The automatic control of block, realizes the accurate, uniform, safe of heating；Because the heating module employs carbon infrared heating pipe as electricity
Hot radiant element, its 95% emission conversion efficiency and 2 μm -- the penetrability of 15 μm of far infrared so that radiant heat transfer efficiency is big
Width is lifted；Meanwhile, fluctuated by the phase of lyophilization 2 and parsing-desiccation 1 interim vacuum pressure so that heat transfer and biography in drying
Matter efficiency is improved to accelerate rate of drying；By multidata drying stage synthetic determination and refrigeration system,
The automatic frequency-conversion control of vacuum system so that equipment can obtain low energy consumption, high efficiency, high level cadre by shirtsleeve operation control
The application effect of drying quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier theory diagram.
Fig. 2 be the present invention relates to drying cabin radiating heat system and control system circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 3 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier drying cabin shelf and heating module structural representation.
Fig. 4 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier structural representation.
Fig. 5 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drying control point and Drying Technology Parameter schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 be the present invention relates to operation control flow chart.
In figure：1 drying cabin, 1-1 dries bulkhead, 1-2 shelves, 1-3 pallets, 2 radiant heating modules, 2-1 heating module temperature
Control plate, 2-2 heating module radiant tubes, 2-3 heating module thermistors, 3 vacuum tight sockets, 4 control systems, 5 refrigeration systems,
6 vacuum systems, 7 cold-trap cabins, 8 cold-trap evaporators, 9 drying cabins/cold-trap cabin circulating fan, 10 automatically controlled charge valves, 11 drying cabins are true
Empty pressure gauge, 12 temperature of charge sensors, 13 draining valves.
In Fig. 1, in the refrigeration system shown in label 5：5-1 high-temperature level compressors, 5-2 condensers, 5-3 high-temperature level electronics is swollen
Swollen valve, 5-4 condenser/evaporators, 5-5 low-temperature level compressors, 5-6 cryogenic regenerators, 5-7 low-temperature level electric expansion valves, 5-8 safety
Expansion drum, Tdp low-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature sensors, Thp high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature sensors, Tdz low temperature steams
Send out temperature sensor, Thz high temperature evaporation temperature sensors, Pdz low-temperature evaporation pressure sensors, Phz high temperature evaporation pressure sensings
Device, all temperature sensor and pressure sensor select 0-5V voltage signal output modes.
In Fig. 1, in the vacuum system shown in label 6：Before 6-1 vacuum suction pipes, 6-2 Roots vaccum pumps (rear class pump), 6-3
Rear class vavuum pump connecting tube, 6-4 vacuum solenoids, 6-5 rotary-vane vaccum pumps (fore pump), Pz intermediate vacuum pressure sensors.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer in Fig. 1-6, the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin 1, cold-trap cabin 7, system
Cooling system 5, vacuum system 6 and control system 4, described drying cabin 1 are that front enabling periphery is sealedly resistance to by bulkhead
Press and uniformly open up some passages equipped with axial flow blower on hollow sealing body, the aftbulkhead of drying cabin 1；In the bulkhead of drying cabin 1
(the aftermentioned referred to as heated mould of radiant heating module 2 of clustered control is installed on the shelf 1-2 of interior fixed sandwich construction, shelf 1-2
Block), it is uniform on every layer of shelf 1-2 to place the metal tray for accommodating material, the position in the middle part of shelf correspondence pallet install respectively plus
The thermistor 2-3 of thermal modules；The heating module 2 reaches -55 DEG C by operating temperature range --+110 DEG C of temperature control circuit board 2-
1st, thermistor 2-3 and carbon infrared heating pipe 2-2 compositions, meet the reliably working in vacuum environment and extreme temperature range
Performance；The power supply supply of whole heating modules and control signal lines are connected in parallel and by heatproof cable and vacuum gas
Close socket is connected with the control system 4 outside drying cabin 1；Equipped with electricity in the supply line of 4 pairs of all heating modules of control system
Flow detection sensor；Respectively some temperature of charge sensors 12 are arranged in drying cabin 1 and by bus mode to distributing position
It is connected with control system 4；Vacuum meter equipped with vacuum pressure in measurement drying cabin on the bulkhead of drying cabin 1；The bulkhead of drying cabin 1
On be also equipped with automatically controlled charge valve 10, automatically controlled charge valve 10 passes through connection to control system 4；The rear of drying cabin be provided with
The cold-trap cabin 7 that aftbulkhead is tightly connected, cold-trap cabin 7 can be by the axial flow blower in the passage and passage on aftbulkhead
(aftermentioned referred to as circulating fan) realizes that air-flow is exchanged, and described circulating fan is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow simultaneously
Pass through vacuum tight socket and connection to control system 4；Close mode arranges cold-trap evaporator after being dredged before in cold-trap cabin 7
8, the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator 8 is connected by pipeline with refrigeration system 5；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin 7 opens up vacuum pumping opening
And be connected by sealing pipeline with vacuum system 6；The bottom in cold-trap cabin 7 is used in deicing processes equipped with switchable draining valve
Drainage.Refrigeration system 5 is compressed using classical general high temperature/low temperature two-stage compressor cascade refrigeration mode by high-temperature level
Machine 5-1, condenser 5-2, high-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-3, condenser/evaporator 5-4, low-temperature level compressor 5-5, low-temperature level electronics
Expansion valve 5-7, cryogenic regenerator 5-6, safe expansion tank 5-8 are constituted with the pipeline for connecting each refrigeration part, the pressure of refrigeration system 5
The electromechanical machine of contracting is connected with the frequency converter of control system 4, the expansion valve of refrigeration system 5 use electric expansion valve and with control system 4
Stepper motor driver be connected；Sensed in refrigeration system 5 equipped with high/low temperature compressor exhaust temperature sensor and evaporating temperature
Device, the high/low temperature evaporating pressure sensing provided with measurement evaporating pressure in the pipeline that high/low temperature evaporating temperature sensor is installed
Device, above-mentioned 4 temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors are connected with control system；Vacuum system 6 is using classical general sieve
The mode that thatch vavuum pump 6-1 (rear class pump) and rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 (fore pump) is combined, Roots vaccum pump 6-1 and rotary vane type
Between vavuum pump 6-5 equipped with prevent rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 shut down when lubricating oil enter cold-trap cabin 7 vacuum solenoid 6-4 with
And the connecting tube equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter, vaccum pump motor is connected with the frequency converter of control system 4, vacuum solenoid 6-4
It is connected with the drive circuit of control system 4, intermediate pressure vacuum meter is connected with the signal input part of control system 4.
The present invention operation principle be：As shown in Fig. 2 in control system shown in label 4：IC1 microprocessors, IC2 steps
Stepper motor driver (driving refrigerating system low-temperature level electric expansion valve), IC3 stepper motor drivers (driving refrigeration system high temperature
Level electric expansion valve), DA1 digital analog converters (radiant heating module temperature control voltage), DA2 digital analog converter (radiant heatings
Module for power supply voltage control signal), AD1 analog-digital converters (temperature and pressure signal), (heating module is supplied AD2 analog-digital converters
Electric current), LH Halls DC current sensor (heating module supply current), SP1 input signals selection analog switch, K1 relays
Device (driving drying cabin charge valve), K2 relays (driving drying cabin/cold-trap cabin circulating fan), K3 relays (driving vacuum system
System vacuum solenoid), VF1 frequency converters (driving rotary-vane vaccum pump), VF2 frequency converters (driving Roots vaccum pump), VF3 frequency converters
(driving refrigeration system high-temperature level compressor), VF4 frequency converters (driving refrigerating system low-temperature level compressor), ZT three phase rectifier pressure regulation
Module (provides the adjustment of radiant heating module for power supply voltage), EMI three-phase electromagnetic interference filters, C1 electrochemical capacitor (radiant heatings
Module for power supply power filter), C2 ceramic disc capacitors (radiant heating module for power supply High frequency filter), L1 inductance coils (radiant heating mould
Block power supply is filtered), VCC weak control circuits power positive end, VI radiant heatings module temperature setting voltage signal terminal,
GND weak control circuit ground terminals, Power+ radiant heating module for power supply HVDC plus ends, Power- radiant heating moulds
Block power supply high voltage direct current negative terminal, N control systems exchange input zero terminal, R, S, T control system three-phase alternating current input live wire
Terminal, IN1 drying cabin vacuum-pressure signal inputs, IN2 vacuum system intermediate pressure signal input parts, IN3 refrigeration high-temperature levels
Evaporating pressure signal input part, IN4 refrigeration low-temperatures level evaporating pressure signal input part, IN5 refrigeration low-temperatures level evaporating temperature signal
Input, IN6 refrigeration high-temperature level evaporating temperature signal input parts, IN7 refrigeration low-temperatures level compressor exhaust temperature signal input part,
IN8 refrigeration high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature signal input parts, INtm bus type temperature of charge sensor inputs.
In radiant heating module shown in label 2：A1 voltage comparators (using the LM193 of ceramic package)；OC1 photoelectricity couplings
Clutch (- 55 DEG C of use -- the TLP785 of 110 DEG C of working ranges)；CV (control power supply filtering), CT (temperature sensor signal filtering),
CI (temperature reference voltages signal filtering), CP (heating module power filtering) be ceramic filter capacitor (- 50 DEG C of use -- 125
The X7R chip ceramic capacitors of DEG C working range)；R1 (comparator input pull-up resistor), R2 (comparator output pull-up resistor), Rf
(comparator hysteresis feedback resistance), R3 (photoelectrical coupler transmitting terminal current-limiting resistance), R4 (photoelectrical coupler output colelctor electrode electricity
Resistance), R5 (photoelectrical coupler output divider resistance), R6 (temperature detect switch (TDS) pipe input resistance) be -55 DEG C of operating temperature range --
155 DEG C of metalfilmresistor；Q1 (photoelectrical coupler driving triode) is -55 DEG C of operating temperature range -- 155 DEG C of S9014；
Q2 (temperature detect switch (TDS) pipe) is -55 DEG C of operating temperature range -- 150 DEG C, open resistance is 0.28 Ω 15N60C FETs.
The implementation method of cold-trap refrigeration：Control system 4 is according to cold-trap target temperature, high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature, height
Warm level evaporating temperature, high-temperature level evaporating pressure, low-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature, low-temperature level evaporating temperature, low-temperature level vapor pres- sure
Power carries out VFC to high temperature/low-temperature level compressor of refrigeration system 5, and is examined by the double flash evaporation degree of superheat and delivery temperature
The mode of survey carries out real-time aperture control to high-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-3, low-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-7；Specific control
Logic is：Using the evaporating temperature of cold-trap evaporator 8 as cold-trap real time temperature, with this temperature and cold-trap target temperature contrast after with
Pid algorithm carries out the frequency conversion drive in the range of 30--60HZ to low-temperature level compressor；With the high-temperature level evaporation in condenser/evaporator 8
The refrigeration medium temperature set in temperature and control system 4 carries out 30-- with pid algorithm after contrasting to high-temperature level compressor 5-1
Frequency conversion drive in the range of 60HZ.High temperature/low-temperature evaporation pressure is detected respectively and to detect data in control system 4
Table look-up and obtain the saturated-steam temperature of corresponding refrigerant, calculated with the contrast difference for surveying evaporating temperature and saturated-steam temperature
The actual degree of superheat, controls corresponding electronic expansion valve opening to cause the actual degree of superheat to meet Δ T demand with pid algorithm.Acquiescence
Δ T is 8 DEG C, and when compressor exhaust temperature is more than 90 DEG C, Δ T reduces 1-3 DEG C until delivery temperature is no more than 90 DEG C, when Δ T subtracts
It is small to delivery temperature at 5 DEG C still more than 90 DEG C when to compressor carry out frequency reducing until delivery temperature be no more than 90 DEG C.
Material pre-freeze and the implementation method of cold-trap cabin ice-melt：ON cycle blower fan, one of which circulating fan is by cold-trap cabin 7
In Cryogenic air suction out and be blown into drying cabin 1 material is cooled, another group of circulating fan is by the high temperature in drying cabin 1
Air is suctioned out and is blown into realize the purpose of convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection in cold-trap cabin 7, and by lasting cross-ventilation, the temperature of drying cabin 1 will
Persistently decrease up to close to the temperature of cold-trap cabin 7 to realize the pre-freeze of material；The ice-melt in cold-trap cabin 7 be also in this way, unlike：
Radiant heating module 2 is closed during material pre-freeze, refrigeration system 5 is opened at full speed；Radiant heating module 2 is opened during 7 ice-melt of cold-trap cabin
And set module temperature to 60 DEG C, refrigeration system closing.
The implementation method of material heating：Material heating target temperature is converted into corresponding VI voltage signals by control system 4
And all heating modules 2 are given, heating module 2 is by the thermistor 2-3 on shelf with each pallet being placed on shelf
It is that unit carries out real time temperature detection and break-make control until pallet reaches the corresponding target temperature of VI voltages, meanwhile, control is
System 4 calculates error and thermal inertia by some temperature of charge sensor feedbacks temperature signal of returning, and VI is adjusted and right
The Power+ supply voltages of supply heating module 2 are regulated and controled to realize the accurate control of material target temperature.
The implementation method of the vacuum pressure of drying cabin 1 control：Control system is surveyed according to the goal pressure of drying cabin 1, drying cabin 1
Pressure, the intermediate pressure of vacuum system 6 carry out VFC to two-stage vacuum pump, at the same also can to vacuum system magnetic valve 6-4 and
Drying cabin charge valve 10 carries out suitable opening and closing control；Specifically control logic is：When rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 stops
Lubricating oil enters Roots vaccum pump 6-2 and cold when closing vacuum solenoid 6-4 during operation to prevent that rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 from shutting down
Trap cabin 7；Characteristic according to vavuum pump sets the minimum operating rate Bse of vavuum pump in the controls in advance, when vavuum pump
When being operated in minimum operating rate, the pressure of drying cabin 1 opens drying cabin charge valve 10 when being still less than goal pressure and carries out pressure
Supplement；Rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 operating rate target is that intermediate vacuum pressure and the difference of drying cabin vacuum pressure are in sieve
Thatch vavuum pump 6-2 high efficient district.
The control point in each stage of drying process and judgement implementation method：Control system 4 is with microprocessor and control software
For core, drying process is divided into pre-freeze phase, the phase of lyophilization 1, the phase of lyophilization 2, the phase of parsing-desiccation 1, the phase of parsing-desiccation 2
In five stages, five stages are with specific process curve and logical algorithm to dried material temperature, two variable mesh of vacuum pressure
Mark is optimized, is precisely controlled, and is done by heating power, temperature of charge, drying cabin pressure, vavuum pump rate parameter synthetic determination
The dry stage；Specifically decision logic is：Arithmetic average after minimax is removed with all materials temperature sensor temperature signal
Be worth for temperature of charge, when this temperature less than 2 DEG C of material eutectic point and be delayed 1 it is small when after judge that the pre-freeze phase terminates；Control system 4 is led to
Cross current sensor signal and output voltage data that heating module powers and calculate corresponding heating power, this data can conduct
The important judgement data of material moisture distillation caloric receptivity；When the pressure of drying cabin 1 is less than the Psd of default, temperature of charge reaches
Tim, proves that water sublimed slows down, judges that the phase of lyophilization 1 terminates, by increasing the pressure of drying cabin 1 when heating power is less than Ws1
And its speed for carrying out pressure oscillation by CTs time cycle to improve mass-and heat-transfer is entered the phase of lyophilization 2；When material temperature
Degree reaches Tim, and heating power is less than Ws2, judges that the phase of lyophilization 2 terminates when vacuum pressure is less than the Psd of default, passes through
Improve temperature of charge and the pressure of drying cabin 1 and it is entered the phase of parsing-desiccation 1 by CTj cyclic swing in Pjh and Psd；By
After the setting time tc phase of parsing-desiccation 1, the prompting of control system 4 enters the phase of parsing-desiccation 2, and the pressure of drying cabin 1 is set as Pjh's
Fixed, temperature of charge is improved to maximum temperature Td；In the phase of parsing-desiccation 2, required heating power is gradually decreased with moisture
Gradually reduce, when drying cabin pressure is less than Pe, rotary-vane vaccum pump takes out 6-5 speed and is less than Bse, and temperature of charge reaches Td, heats work(
The prompting of control system 4 dry materials are completed when rate is less than We.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit is required rather than described above is limited, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling
Change is included in the present invention.Any reference in claim should not be considered as to the claim involved by limitation.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art should
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It may be appreciated other embodiment.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system, it is special
Levy and be, described drying cabin is a front enabling periphery by the sealed pressure-resistant hollow sealing body of bulkhead, the rear deck of drying cabin
Some passages equipped with axial flow blower are uniformly opened up on wall；Fixed in drying cabin bulkhead on the shelf of sandwich construction, shelf
The uniform metal tray for placing receiving material on the radiant heating module of clustered control, every layer of shelf is installed, held in the palm in shelf correspondence
Position in the middle part of disk is installed by the thermistor of each heating module；The heating module is by temperature control circuit board, thermistor and carbon
Infrared heating pipe is constituted, and the power supply supply of all heating modules and control signal lines are connected in parallel and by heatproof cable
And vacuum tight socket is connected with the control system dried out of my cabin；In supply line of the control system to all heating modules
Equipped with current detection sensor；Respectively some temperature of charge sensors are arranged in drying cabin and by bus side to distributing position
Formula is connected with control system.
2. vacuum freeze drier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that equipped with measurement on the bulkhead of the drying cabin
The vacuum meter of vacuum pressure in drying cabin；Automatically controlled charge valve is also equipped with the bulkhead of drying cabin, automatically controlled charge valve is connected by circuit
It is connected to control system；The cold-trap cabin being tightly connected with aftbulkhead is provided with the rear of drying cabin, cold-trap cabin passes through on aftbulkhead
Axial flow blower in passage and passage realizes that air-flow is exchanged, and axial flow blower is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow
And pass through vacuum tight socket and connection to control system；Close mode arranges that cold-trap evaporates after being dredged before in cold-trap cabin
Device, the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator is connected by pipeline with refrigeration system；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin opens up vacuum pumping opening simultaneously
It is connected by sealing pipeline with vacuum system；The bottom in cold-trap cabin is equipped with the switchable row for the drainage being used in deicing processes
Water valve, refrigeration system uses high temperature/low temperature two-stage compressor cascade refrigeration mode, by high-temperature level compressor, condenser, high-temperature level
Electric expansion valve, condenser/evaporator, low-temperature level compressor, low-temperature level electric expansion valve, cryogenic regenerator, safe expansion tank and company
Lead to the pipeline composition of each refrigeration part, refrigeration system compressor motor is connected with the frequency converter of control system, refrigeration system it is swollen
Swollen valve is connected using electric expansion valve and with the stepper motor driver of control system；Arranged in refrigeration system equipped with high temperature compressor
Gas temperature sensor, cryogenic compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor and evaporating temperature sensor, are passed in high temperature compressor delivery temperature
High temperature evaporation pressure sensing provided with measurement evaporating pressure in the pipeline that sensor and cryogenic compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor are installed
Device and low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor, above-mentioned 4 temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors are connected with control system；Vacuum
System is by the way of Roots vaccum pump is combined with rotary-vane vaccum pump, equipped with anti-between Roots vaccum pump and rotary-vane vaccum pump
Lubricating oil enters the vacuum solenoid in cold-trap cabin and the connection equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter when only rotary-vane vaccum pump is shut down
Pipe, vaccum pump motor is connected with the frequency converter of control system, and vacuum solenoid is connected with control system drive circuit, intermediate pressure
Vacuum meter is connected with the signal input part of control system.
3. vacuum freeze drier according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the operating temperature model of the temperature control circuit board
Enclose is -55 DEG C --+110 DEG C.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107647246A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-02 | 王田 | Food vacuum is freeze-dried and sterilizing methods and equipment |
| CN110367354A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-25 | 漳州职业技术学院 | The method and apparatus that instant tea slice is prepared using microwave vacuum freeze drying means |
| CN113915960A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-11 | 俄家齐 | Low-temperature vacuum drying device for transformer and operation method |
| CN113915963A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-11 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Microwave vacuum freeze-drying equipment and microwave vacuum freeze-drying method thereof |
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| CN107647246A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-02 | 王田 | Food vacuum is freeze-dried and sterilizing methods and equipment |
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| CN113915960A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-11 | 俄家齐 | Low-temperature vacuum drying device for transformer and operation method |
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| CN106989569B (en) | 2019-02-26 |
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