CN106989569B - A kind of vacuum freeze drier - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum freeze drier Download PDFInfo
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- CN106989569B CN106989569B CN201710249512.5A CN201710249512A CN106989569B CN 106989569 B CN106989569 B CN 106989569B CN 201710249512 A CN201710249512 A CN 201710249512A CN 106989569 B CN106989569 B CN 106989569B
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004577 thatch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
- F26B23/06—Heating arrangements using electric heating resistance heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system, the present invention is used the automatic control of cluster master control, sub-module by heating method, realizes the accurate, uniform, safe of heating；Because the heating module uses carbon infrared heating pipe as electric radiation element, 95% emission conversion efficiency and 2 μm -- the penetrability of 15 μm of far infrared, so that radiant heat transfer efficiency is substantially improved；Meanwhile being fluctuated by 2 phase of lyophilization and parsing-desiccation 1 interim vacuum pressure, so that the heat transfer and mass-transfer efficiency in dry are improved to accelerate rate of drying；By the automatic frequency-conversion control of multidata drying stage comprehensive judgement and refrigeration system, vacuum system, equipment is allowed to obtain low energy consumption, high efficiency, the application effect of high dry mass by shirtsleeve operation control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying machine, specifically a kind of vacuum freeze drier.
Background technique
In recent years, vacuum freeze is in drug, health care product and food service industry using more and more extensive；Its work
Principle is: (absolute pressure≤100Pa) under vacuum conditions, to the material for having been carried out pre-freeze (temperature is lower than material eutectic point)
(mainly radiant heating) is heated, solid water decilitre Huawei's vapor in material is made to overflow material and is adsorbed onto cold-trap steaming
Hair device surface is to realize the drying of material.Although the form of equipment is varied, almost by drying cabin, cold-trap cabin (or
Referred to as hutch water device), refrigeration system, vacuum system, drying cabin heating system (abbreviation heating system) and control system composition；Mesh
Before, heating system generallys use shelf and is passed through the thermal energy conduction or spoke of steam (or conduction oil) after steam (either conduction oil)
It penetrates and gives material (aftermentioned that fluid heat supply mode is referred to as to such mode)；For small device, also there is installation on the shelf is electric to add
The technological means of thermal element (such as resistance wire, PTC or infrared heating pipe) is (aftermentioned to be referred to as electric heat supply side to such mode
Formula).The advantages of fluid heat supply mode is: heat supply is uniform, and control is simple；The disadvantage is that: technology difficulty is big, corollary system complexity,
At high cost, radiation efficiency is low, and safety is bad.The advantages of electric heat-supplying mode is: simple process, at low cost, safety is good,
Radiation efficiency is high by the way of infrared heating pipe；The disadvantage is that: thermoae unevenness is supplied in the case where not taking special technique means
Even, this defect equipment slightly larger for freeze-drying area is especially prominent.The process of vacuum freeze drying be divided into pre-freeze, lyophilization with
And parsing-desiccation three phases, the prior art do not have specific quantizating index to the judgement of lyophilization and parsing-desiccation, it is practical
When material size is more than 10mm really also without specific line of demarcation in, so that heat temperature raising is needed by experience
Judged, heating in advance be easy to cause material effect of contraction freeze drying quality, lag heating will lead to drying time extend, energy
Consumption and cost improve.Meanwhile vacuum freeze drying is one and should conduct heat and (supply the latent heat that water sublimed needs in material) again
The process of mass transfer (vaporization moisture overflows from material and reaches cold-trap evaporator to be condensed again) is wanted, drying cabin absolute pressure is low to be had
Be conducive to conduct heat conducive to mass transfer, drying cabin absolute pressure height, therefore carry out suitable allotment to drying cabin pressure in different phase
Be conducive to accelerate rate of drying, improve freeze drying quality, but currently without mature algorithm and control method, pressure control
Need the micro-judgment of operator；As stated above, current vacuum freeze drying means, still big in investment, operating technology
In the stage that difficulty is big, energy consumption is high, there are also very big technological progress and improved spaces.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of vacuum freeze driers and corresponding control method, pass through simple equipment
Operation realizes that accurately temperature and pressure controls, be finally reached low energy consumption, low cost, high efficiency, simple, safe target.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system,
It is characterized in that, the drying cabin is the pressure-resistant hollow sealing body that is sealed by bulkhead of front enabling periphery, after drying cabin
Several ventholes equipped with axial flow blower are uniformly opened up on bulkhead；The shelf of multilayered structure, shelf are fixed in drying cabin bulkhead
The radiant heating module of upper installation clustered control, the metal tray for accommodating material is uniformly placed on every layer of shelf, corresponding in shelf
Position in the middle part of pallet is installed by the thermistor of each heating module；The heating module is by temperature control circuit board, thermistor and carbon
Plain infrared heating pipe composition, the power supply supply of all heating modules and control signal lines are connected in parallel and by heatproof line
Cable and vacuum tight socket are connect with the control system outside drying cabin；In control system to the power supply line of all heating modules
It is upper that current detection sensor is housed；Several temperature of charge sensors respectively are arranged to distributing position in drying cabin and pass through bus
Mode is connect with control system；
As a preferred solution of the present invention: the vacuum equipped with vacuum pressure in measurement drying cabin on the bulkhead of the drying cabin
Meter；Automatically controlled charge valve is also equipped on the bulkhead of drying cabin, automatically controlled charge valve passes through connection to control system；In drying cabin
Rear is equipped with the cold-trap cabin being tightly connected with aftbulkhead, and cold-trap cabin passes through the axis stream in the venthole and venthole on aftbulkhead
Blower realizes air-flow exchange, and axial flow blower is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow and by vacuum tight socket and route
It is connected to control system；Close mode arranges cold-trap evaporator, the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator after dredging before in cold-trap cabin
It is connect by pipeline with refrigeration system；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin opens up vacuum pumping opening and by sealing pipeline and vacuum system phase
Even；The bottom in cold-trap cabin is equipped with the switchable drain valve for the drainage in deicing processes, and refrigeration system is using high temperature/low
Warm two-stage compressor cascade refrigeration mode, by high-temperature level compressor, condenser, high-temperature level electric expansion valve, condenser/evaporator, low
Warm grade compressor, low-temperature level electric expansion valve, cryogenic regenerator, safe expansion tank are formed with the pipeline for being connected to each refrigeration part,
Refrigeration system compressor motor is connected with the frequency converter of control system, the expansion valve of refrigeration system using electric expansion valve and with control
The stepper motor driver of system processed is connected；High temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor, cryogenic compressor are housed in refrigeration system
Exhaust gas temperature sensor and evaporating temperature sensor, in high temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor and cryogenic compressor delivery temperature
The high temperature evaporation pressure sensor and low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor of measurement evaporating pressure are equipped in the pipeline of sensor installation, on
4 temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors stated are connected with control system；Vacuum system uses Roots vaccum pump and rotary vane type
The mode that vacuum pump combines, equipped with lubricating oil when preventing rotary-vane vaccum pump from shutting down between Roots vaccum pump and rotary-vane vaccum pump
Into the vacuum solenoid in cold-trap cabin and the connecting tube equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter, the change of vaccum pump motor and control system
Frequency device is connected, and vacuum solenoid is connected with control system driving circuit, the signal input of intermediate pressure vacuum meter and control system
End is connected.
As a preferred solution of the present invention: the operating temperature range of the temperature control circuit board is -55 DEG C --+110 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention uses cluster master control by heating method, divides mould
The automatic control of block realizes the accurate, uniform, safe of heating；Because the heating module uses carbon infrared heating pipe as electricity
Hot radiant element, 95% emission conversion efficiency and 2 μm -- the penetrability of 15 μm of far infrared, so that radiant heat transfer efficiency is big
Width is promoted；Meanwhile being fluctuated by 2 phase of lyophilization and parsing-desiccation 1 interim vacuum pressure, so that heat transfer and biography in dry
Matter efficiency is improved to accelerate rate of drying；By multidata drying stage comprehensive judgement and refrigeration system,
The automatic frequency-conversion of vacuum system controls, and equipment is allowed to obtain low energy consumption, high efficiency, high level cadre by shirtsleeve operation control
The application effect of drying quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier functional block diagram.
Fig. 2 be the present invention relates to drying cabin radiating heat system and control system circuit diagram.
Fig. 3 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier drying cabin shelf and heating module structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drier structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 be the present invention relates to vacuum freeze drying control point and Drying Technology Parameter schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 be the present invention relates to operation control flow chart.
In figure: 1 drying cabin, the dry bulkhead of 1-1,1-2 shelf, 1-3 pallet, 2 radiant heating modules, 2-1 heating module temperature
Control plate, 2-2 heating module radiant tube, 2-3 heating module thermistor, 3 vacuum tight sockets, 4 control systems, 5 refrigeration systems,
6 vacuum systems, 7 cold-trap cabins, 8 cold-trap evaporators, 9 drying cabins/cold-trap cabin circulating fan, 10 automatically controlled charge valves, 11 drying cabins are true
Empty pressure gauge, 12 temperature of charge sensors, 13 drain valves.
In Fig. 1, in refrigeration system shown in label 5: 5-1 high-temperature level compressor, 5-2 condenser, 5-3 high-temperature level electronics are swollen
Swollen valve, 5-4 condenser/evaporator, 5-5 low-temperature level compressor, 5-6 cryogenic regenerator, 5-7 low-temperature level electric expansion valve, 5-8 safety
Expansion drum, Tdp low-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature sensor, Thp high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature sensor, Tdz low temperature steam
Send out temperature sensor, Thz high temperature evaporation temperature sensor, Pdz low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor, Phz high temperature evaporation pressure sensing
Device, all temperature sensor and pressure sensor select 0-5V voltage signal output mode.
In Fig. 1, in vacuum system shown in label 6: 6-1 vacuum suction pipe, 6-2 Roots vaccum pump (rear class pump), before 6-3
Rear class vacuum pump connecting tube, 6-4 vacuum solenoid, 6-5 rotary-vane vaccum pump (fore pump), Pz intermediate vacuum pressure sensor.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1-6, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin 1, cold-trap cabin 7, system
Cooling system 5, vacuum system 6 and control system 4, the drying cabin 1 be one front enabling periphery sealed by bulkhead it is resistance to
Hollow sealing body is pressed, uniformly opens up several ventholes equipped with axial flow blower on the aftbulkhead of drying cabin 1；In 1 bulkhead of drying cabin
(the aftermentioned referred to as heated mould of radiant heating module 2 of clustered control is installed on the shelf 1-2 of interior fixed multilayered structure, shelf 1-2
Block), the metal tray for accommodating material is uniformly placed on every layer of shelf 1-2, correspond to the installation of the position in the middle part of pallet in shelf and is respectively added
The thermistor 2-3 of thermal modules；The heating module 2 reaches -55 DEG C by operating temperature range --+110 DEG C of temperature control circuit board 2-
1, thermistor 2-3 and carbon infrared heating pipe 2-2 composition meets the reliably working in vacuum environment and extreme temperature range
Performance；The power supply of whole heating modules is supplied and control signal lines are connected in parallel and passes through heatproof cable and vacuum gas
Close socket is connect with the control system 4 outside drying cabin 1；Equipped with electricity in power supply line of the control system 4 to all heating modules
Flow detection sensor；Several temperature of charge sensors 12 respectively are arranged to distributing position in drying cabin 1 and pass through bus mode
It is connect with control system 4；Vacuum meter equipped with vacuum pressure in measurement drying cabin on the bulkhead of drying cabin 1；The bulkhead of drying cabin 1
On be also equipped with automatically controlled charge valve 10, automatically controlled charge valve 10 passes through connection to control system 4；The rear of drying cabin be equipped with
The cold-trap cabin 7 that aftbulkhead is tightly connected, cold-trap cabin 7 can pass through the axial flow blower in the venthole and venthole on aftbulkhead
(aftermentioned referred to as circulating fan) realizes air-flow exchange, and the circulating fan is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow simultaneously
Pass through vacuum tight socket and connection to control system 4；Close mode arranges cold-trap evaporator after dredging before in cold-trap cabin 7
8, the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator 8 is connect by pipeline with refrigeration system 5；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin 7 opens up vacuum pumping opening
And it is connected by sealing pipeline with vacuum system 6；The bottom in cold-trap cabin 7 is equipped with switchable drain valve in deicing processes
Drainage.Refrigeration system 5 is compressed using classical general high temperature/low temperature two-stage compressor cascade refrigeration mode by high-temperature level
Machine 5-1, condenser 5-2, high-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-3, condenser/evaporator 5-4, low-temperature level compressor 5-5, low-temperature level electronics
Expansion valve 5-7, cryogenic regenerator 5-6, safe expansion tank 5-8 are formed with the pipeline for being connected to each refrigeration part, the pressure of refrigeration system 5
The electromechanical machine that contracts is connected with the frequency converter of control system 4, the expansion valve of refrigeration system 5 use electric expansion valve and with control system 4
Stepper motor driver be connected；It is sensed in refrigeration system 5 equipped with high/low temperature compressor exhaust temperature sensor and evaporating temperature
Device is equipped with the high/low temperature evaporating pressure sensing of measurement evaporating pressure in the pipeline of high/low temperature evaporating temperature sensor installation
Device, 4 above-mentioned temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors are connected with control system；Vacuum system 6 is using classical general sieve
The mode that thatch vacuum pump 6-1 (rear class pump) and rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 (fore pump) combine, Roots vaccum pump 6-1 and rotary vane type
Between vacuum pump 6-5 equipped with prevent rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 shut down when lubricating oil enter the vacuum solenoid 6-4 in cold-trap cabin 7 with
And the connecting tube equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter, vaccum pump motor are connected with the frequency converter of control system 4, vacuum solenoid 6-4
It is connected with 4 driving circuit of control system, intermediate pressure vacuum meter is connected with the signal input part of control system 4.
The working principle of the invention is: as shown in Fig. 2, in control system shown in label 4: IC1 microprocessor, IC2 step
Into motor driver (driving refrigerating system low-temperature grade electric expansion valve), IC3 stepper motor driver (driving refrigeration system high temperature
Grade electric expansion valve), DA1 digital analog converter (radiant heating module temperature controls voltage), DA2 digital analog converter (radiant heating
Module for power supply voltage control signal), AD1 analog-digital converter (temperature and pressure signal), (heating module supplies AD2 analog-digital converter
Electric current), LH Hall DC current sensor (heating module supply current), SP1 input signal selects analog switch, K1 relay
Device (driving drying cabin charge valve), K2 relay (driving drying cabin/cold-trap cabin circulating fan), K3 relay (driving vacuum system
System vacuum solenoid), VF1 frequency converter (driving rotary-vane vaccum pump), VF2 frequency converter (driving Roots vaccum pump), VF3 frequency converter
(driving refrigeration system high-temperature level compressor), VF4 frequency converter (driving refrigerating system low-temperature grade compressor), ZT three phase rectifier pressure regulation
Module (provides the adjustment of radiant heating module for power supply voltage), EMI three-phase electromagnetic interference filter, C1 electrolytic capacitor (radiant heating
Module for power supply power filter), C2 ceramic disc capacitor (radiant heating module for power supply High frequency filter), L1 inductance coil (radiant heating mould
The filtering of block power supply), VCC weak control circuit power positive end, VI radiant heating module temperature sets voltage signal terminal,
GND weak control circuit ground terminal, Power+ radiant heating module for power supply high voltage direct current plus end, Power- radiant heating mould
Block power supply high voltage direct current negative terminal, N control system exchange input zero terminal, R, S, T control system three-phase alternating current input firewire
Terminal, IN1 drying cabin vacuum-pressure signal input terminal, IN2 vacuum system intermediate pressure signal input part, IN3 refrigeration high-temperature level
Evaporating pressure signal input part, IN4 refrigeration low-temperature grade evaporating pressure signal input part, IN5 refrigeration low-temperature grade evaporating temperature signal
Input terminal, IN6 refrigeration high-temperature level evaporating temperature signal input part, IN7 refrigeration low-temperature grade compressor exhaust temperature signal input part,
IN8 refrigeration high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature signal input part, INtm bus type temperature of charge sensor input.
In radiant heating module shown in label 2: A1 voltage comparator (using the LM193 of ceramic package)；OC1 photoelectricity coupling
Clutch (- 55 DEG C of use -- the TLP785 of 110 DEG C of working ranges)；CV (control power supply filtering), CT (temperature sensor signal filtering),
CI (filtering of temperature reference voltages signal), CP (heating module power supply filtering) be ceramic filter capacitor (- 50 DEG C of use -- 125
The X7R chip ceramic capacitor of DEG C working range)；R1 (comparator input pull-up resistor), R2 (comparator output pull-up resistor), Rf
(photoelectrical coupler exports collector electricity by (comparator hysteresis feedback resistance), R3 (photoelectrical coupler transmitting terminal current-limiting resistance), R4
Resistance), R5 (photoelectrical coupler output divider resistance), R6 (temperature detect switch (TDS) pipe input resistance) be -55 DEG C of operating temperature range --
155 DEG C of metalfilmresistor；Q1 (photoelectrical coupler driving triode) is -55 DEG C of operating temperature range -- 155 DEG C of S9014；
Q2 (temperature detect switch (TDS) pipe) is -55 DEG C of operating temperature range -- 150 DEG C, open resistance is the 15N60C field-effect tube of 0.28 Ω.
The implementation method of cold-trap refrigeration: control system 4 is according to cold-trap target temperature, high-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature, height
Warm grade evaporating temperature, high-temperature level evaporating pressure, low-temperature level compressor exhaust temperature, low-temperature level evaporating temperature, low-temperature level vapor pres- sure
Power carries out frequency control to high temperature/low-temperature level compressor of refrigeration system 5, and is examined by the double flash evaporation degree of superheat and delivery temperature
The mode of survey carries out real-time aperture control to high-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-3, low-temperature level electric expansion valve 5-7；Specific control
Logic is: using the evaporating temperature of cold-trap evaporator 8 as cold-trap real time temperature, with this temperature and cold-trap target temperature comparison after with
Pid algorithm carries out the frequency conversion drive within the scope of 30--60HZ to low-temperature level compressor；With the high-temperature level evaporation in condenser/evaporator 8
The refrigeration medium temperature set in temperature and control system 4 compare after with pid algorithm to high-temperature level compressor 5-1 carry out 30--
Frequency conversion drive within the scope of 60HZ.Detection is carried out and with detection data in control system 4 to high temperature/low-temperature evaporation pressure respectively
It tables look-up to obtain the saturated-steam temperature of corresponding refrigerant, be calculated with surveying the comparison difference of evaporating temperature and saturated-steam temperature
The practical degree of superheat controls corresponding electronic expansion valve opening with pid algorithm and the practical degree of superheat is made to meet the needs of Δ T.Default
Δ T is 8 DEG C, and when compressor exhaust temperature is more than 90 DEG C, Δ T reduces 1-3 DEG C until delivery temperature is no more than 90 DEG C, when Δ T subtracts
At small to 5 DEG C delivery temperature still more than 90 DEG C when to compressor carry out frequency reducing until delivery temperature be no more than 90 DEG C.
The implementation method of material pre-freeze and the ice-melt of cold-trap cabin: opening circulating fan, wherein one group of circulating fan is by cold-trap cabin 7
In Cryogenic air be sucked out and be blown into drying cabin 1 and cool down to material, another group of circulating fan is by the high temperature in drying cabin 1
Air is sucked out and is blown into the purpose that convective heat transfer is realized in cold-trap cabin 7, and by lasting cross-ventilation, 1 temperature of drying cabin will
Persistently decrease up to the pre-freeze that material is realized close to 7 temperature of cold-trap cabin；The ice-melt in cold-trap cabin 7 be also in this way, unlike:
Radiant heating module 2 is closed when material pre-freeze, refrigeration system 5 is opened at full speed；Radiant heating module 2 is opened when 7 ice-melt of cold-trap cabin
And module temperature setting is closed to 60 DEG C, refrigeration system.
The implementation method of material heating: material heating target temperature is converted into corresponding VI voltage signal by control system 4
And all heating modules 2 are given, heating module 2 is by the thermistor 2-3 on shelf with each pallet being placed on shelf
It is that unit carries out real time temperature detection and on-off control until pallet and reaches the corresponding target temperature of VI voltage, meanwhile, control is
System 4 calculates error and thermal inertia by several temperature of charge sensor feedbacks temperature signal of returning, and is adjusted to VI and right
The Power+ supply voltage of supply heating module 2 is regulated and controled the accurate control to realize material target temperature.
The implementation method of 1 vacuum pressure of drying cabin control: control system is surveyed according to 1 goal pressure of drying cabin, drying cabin 1
Pressure, 6 intermediate pressure of vacuum system, which pump two-stage vacuum, carries out frequency control, while can also be to vacuum solenoid 6-4 and drying
Cabin charge valve 10 carries out suitable opening and closing control；Specific control logic is: when rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 is out of service
When close vacuum solenoid 6-4 with prevent rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 shut down when lubricating oil enter Roots vaccum pump 6-2 and cold-trap cabin
7；Vacuum pump minimum operating rate Bse is arranged in characteristic according to vacuum pump in the controls in advance, when vacuum pump has worked
In minimum operating rate, 1 pressure of drying cabin opens drying cabin charge valve 10 when being still less than goal pressure and carries out pressure supplement；
The operating rate target of rotary-vane vaccum pump 6-5 is in Roots vacuum for the difference of intermediate vacuum pressure and drying cabin vacuum pressure
Pump the high efficient district of 6-2.
The control point in drying process each stage and judgement implementation method: control system 4 is with microprocessor and control software
For core, drying process is divided into pre-freeze phase, 1 phase of lyophilization, 2 phase of lyophilization, 1 phase of parsing-desiccation, 2 phase of parsing-desiccation
In five stages, five stages are with specific process curve and logical algorithm to two dried material temperature, vacuum pressure variable mesh
Mark is optimized, is precisely controlled, dry by heating power, temperature of charge, drying cabin pressure, vacuum pump rate parameter comprehensive judgement
The dry stage；Specific decision logic is: the arithmetic average after removing minimax with all materials temperature sensor temperature signal
Value be temperature of charge, when this temperature lower than 2 DEG C of material eutectic point and be delayed 1 it is small when after determine the pre-freeze phase terminate；Control system 4 is logical
The current sensor signal and output voltage data for crossing heating module power supply calculate corresponding heating power, this data can be used as
The important judgement data of material moisture distillation caloric receptivity；When 1 pressure of drying cabin is less than the Psd of default, temperature of charge reaches
Tim proves that water sublimed slows down, determines that 1 phase of lyophilization terminates, by increasing by 1 pressure of drying cabin when heating power is less than Ws1
And so that it is carried out pressure oscillation by the time cycle of CTs and enter 2 phase of lyophilization to improve the speed of mass-and heat-transfer；When material temperature
Degree reaches Tim, and heating power is less than Ws2, determines that 2 phase of lyophilization terminates when vacuum pressure is less than the Psd of default, passes through
It improves temperature of charge and 1 pressure of drying cabin and it is made to enter 1 phase of parsing-desiccation by the cyclic swing of CTj in Pjh and Psd；By
After 1 phase of parsing-desiccation of setting time tc, the prompt of control system 4 enters 2 phase of parsing-desiccation, 1 pressure of drying cabin setting by Pjh
Fixed, temperature of charge is improved to maximum temperature Td；In 2 phase of parsing-desiccation, required heating power is gradually decreased with moisture
It gradually reduces, when drying cabin pressure is less than Pe, rotary-vane vaccum pump takes out 6-5 speed and is less than Bse, and temperature of charge reaches Td, heats function
Control system 4 prompts dry materials to complete when rate is less than We.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of vacuum freeze drier, including drying cabin, cold-trap cabin, refrigeration system, vacuum system and control system, special
Sign is that the drying cabin is the pressure-resistant hollow sealing body that front enabling periphery is sealed by bulkhead, the rear deck of drying cabin
Several ventholes equipped with axial flow blower are uniformly opened up on wall；The shelf of multilayered structure is fixed in drying cabin bulkhead, on shelf
The radiant heating module of clustered control is installed, uniformly places the metal tray for accommodating material on every layer of shelf, in the corresponding support of shelf
Position in the middle part of disk is installed by the thermistor of each heating module；The heating module is by temperature control circuit board, thermistor and carbon
Infrared heating pipe composition, the power supply supply of all heating modules and control signal lines are connected in parallel and by heatproof cable
And vacuum tight socket is connect with the control system outside drying cabin；In power supply line of the control system to all heating modules
Equipped with current detection sensor；Several temperature of charge sensors respectively are arranged to distributing position in drying cabin and pass through bus side
Formula is connect with control system；Vacuum meter equipped with vacuum pressure in measurement drying cabin on the bulkhead of drying cabin；The bulkhead of drying cabin
On be also equipped with automatically controlled charge valve, automatically controlled charge valve passes through connection to control system；It is equipped with and rear deck at the rear of drying cabin
The cold-trap cabin that wall is tightly connected, cold-trap cabin realize that air-flow is handed over by the axial flow blower in the venthole and venthole on aftbulkhead
It changes, axial flow blower is mounted to two groups of opposite directions of operation air-flow and passes through vacuum tight socket and connection to control system
System；Close mode arranges cold-trap evaporator after dredging before in cold-trap cabin, and the inlet and outlet of cold-trap evaporator passes through pipeline and system
Cooling system connection；The rear wall in cold-trap cabin opens up vacuum pumping opening and is connected by sealing pipeline with vacuum system；The bottom in cold-trap cabin
Portion is equipped with the switchable drain valve for the drainage in deicing processes, and refrigeration system uses high temperature/low temperature two-stage compressor
Cascade refrigeration mode, by high-temperature level compressor, condenser, high-temperature level electric expansion valve, condenser/evaporator, low-temperature level compressor,
Low-temperature level electric expansion valve, cryogenic regenerator, safe expansion tank are formed with the pipeline for being connected to each refrigeration part, refrigeration system compression
Electromechanical machine is connected with the frequency converter of control system, and the expansion valve of refrigeration system uses electric expansion valve and the stepping with control system
Motor driver is connected；It is sensed in refrigeration system equipped with high temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor, cryogenic compressor delivery temperature
Device and evaporating temperature sensor are installed in high temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor and cryogenic compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor
The high temperature evaporation pressure sensor and low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor of measurement evaporating pressure, temperature of charge sensing are equipped in pipeline
Device, high temperature compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor, cryogenic compressor exhaust gas temperature sensor, evaporating temperature sensor, high temperature evaporation
Pressure sensor and low-temperature evaporation pressure sensor are connected with control system；Vacuum system uses Roots vaccum pump and rotary vane type
The mode that vacuum pump combines, equipped with lubricating oil when preventing rotary-vane vaccum pump from shutting down between Roots vaccum pump and rotary-vane vaccum pump
Into the vacuum solenoid in cold-trap cabin and the connecting tube equipped with intermediate pressure vacuum meter, the change of vaccum pump motor and control system
Frequency device is connected, and vacuum solenoid is connected with control system driving circuit, the signal input of intermediate pressure vacuum meter and control system
End is connected.
2. vacuum freeze drier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the operating temperature model of the temperature control circuit board
Enclose is -55 DEG C --+110 DEG C.
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| CN107647246A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-02 | 王田 | Food vacuum is freeze-dried and sterilizing methods and equipment |
| CN110367354B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2022-04-12 | 漳州职业技术学院 | Method and device for preparing instant tea tablet by microwave vacuum freeze drying method |
| CN113915963B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-11-22 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 | Microwave vacuum freeze-drying equipment and microwave vacuum freeze-drying method thereof |
| CN113915960A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-11 | 俄家齐 | Low-temperature vacuum drying device for transformer and operation method |
| CN116086143B (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2024-06-14 | 中国农业大学 | Freezing and vacuum pulsation drying equipment based on carbon fiber heating |
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| US4547977A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-10-22 | The Virtis Company, Inc. | Freeze dryer with improved temperature control |
| CN87201494U (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-06-22 | 山东省济南市医学科学研究所 | Liquid nitrogen freeze drier |
| CN2651678Y (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-10-27 | 上海俊乐制冷自控元件有限公司 | Multifunctional experimental refrigerating drier |
| CN101046350A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-03 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Vacuum freeze drier |
| CN204254978U (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州景美生物科技有限公司 | Freeze drier |
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| US7640756B2 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2010-01-05 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Lyophilization unit with liquid nitrogen cooling |
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| US4547977A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-10-22 | The Virtis Company, Inc. | Freeze dryer with improved temperature control |
| CN87201494U (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-06-22 | 山东省济南市医学科学研究所 | Liquid nitrogen freeze drier |
| CN2651678Y (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-10-27 | 上海俊乐制冷自控元件有限公司 | Multifunctional experimental refrigerating drier |
| CN101046350A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-03 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Vacuum freeze drier |
| CN204254978U (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州景美生物科技有限公司 | Freeze drier |
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