CN106985699B - Device and method for balancing electric quantity among multiple single batteries in battery pack - Google Patents
Device and method for balancing electric quantity among multiple single batteries in battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN106985699B CN106985699B CN201710312243.2A CN201710312243A CN106985699B CN 106985699 B CN106985699 B CN 106985699B CN 201710312243 A CN201710312243 A CN 201710312243A CN 106985699 B CN106985699 B CN 106985699B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization, and discloses an electric quantity equalization device and method among a plurality of single batteries in a battery pack. The electric quantity balancing device comprises: the equalization module is used for absorbing the electric energy of the single battery and discharging other single batteries in the battery pack by utilizing the electric energy; the electric quantity detection module is used for detecting the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And a control device for calculating the average electric quantity of the single batteryAnd determining the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, charging the equalization module by utilizing the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to discharge the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack by utilizing the charged electric quantity. The invention realizes active equalization in the battery pack, effectively improves the consistency of the battery pack and prolongs the service life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to an electric quantity equalization device and an electric quantity equalization method among a plurality of single batteries in a battery pack.
Background
The electric automobile develops rapidly under the influence of energy crisis and environmental crisis, and lithium batteries are attracting attention as the main power source of the electric automobile. When the lithium battery is actually used on the electric automobile, the battery pack is adopted, but due to the tiny performance difference of the lithium battery during production, the inconsistency of the lithium battery pack in the actual use process can be gradually increased, and if the equalization treatment is not timely carried out, the service life of the lithium battery pack can be ended in advance due to the continuously increased inconsistency.
The main stream balancing mode is passive balancing and active balancing, wherein the passive balancing is mainly realized by connecting a power resistor and a switch in parallel at two ends of each single battery, when the voltage of a certain battery is higher, the switch is closed, and part of electric quantity is consumed until the balanced state is reached. In this way, the power resistor converts electrical energy into thermal energy, which can lead to excessive temperature of the whole battery combined equalization module if heat dissipation is not reasonable, and accelerated attenuation of the battery and the burning of the equalization module.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for balancing electric quantity among a plurality of single batteries in a battery pack, which are used for solving the technical problems of low battery balancing efficiency and high loss in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an electric quantity equalizing device between a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack, the electric quantity equalizing device comprising: the equalization module is used for absorbing the electric energy of the single battery and discharging other single batteries in the battery pack by utilizing the electric energy; the electric quantity detection module is used for detecting the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And control means for performing the following operations: according to the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn Calculating the average electric quantity of the single batteryDetermining a single battery with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack; and charging the equalization module by using a single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to charge the battery by using the charged electric energyAnd discharging the single batteries with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single batteries in the battery pack.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the average electric quantity of the single battery is as followsWherein the battery pack comprises n single batteries, and the SOC 11 The electric quantity of the 1 st single battery and the SOC 12 The SOC is … … of the electric quantity of the 2 nd single battery 1n Is the electric quantity of the nth single battery.
Preferably, the battery pack is formed by connecting n single batteries in series; the balancing module comprises a multi-winding transformer, a primary control switch and a plurality of secondary control switches corresponding to single batteries in the battery pack, wherein the multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils, the primary coil is connected in parallel with two ends of the battery pack, the primary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the primary coil and the battery pack, the secondary coils in the plurality of secondary coils are in one-to-one correspondence with the single batteries, two ends of each single battery are connected with a secondary coil in parallel, and one secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by each single battery and the secondary coils connected in parallel with two ends of each single battery.
Preferably, the control device is configured to perform the following operations: the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery are disconnected, and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery is closed, so that the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery charges the secondary coil corresponding to the single battery; and switching off a secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery, and switching on the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery, so that the multi-winding transformer discharges the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery.
Preferably, the primary control switch and the secondary control switch are MOS transistors.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for balancing electric power among a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack, the method comprising: detecting electric quantity SOC of each single battery in battery pack nn The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn Calculating the average electric quantity of the single batteryDetermining a single battery with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack; and charging the equalization module by utilizing the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to discharge the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack by utilizing the charged electric energy.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the average electric quantity of the single battery is as followsWherein the battery pack comprises n single batteries, and the SOC 11 The electric quantity of the 1 st single battery and the SOC 12 The SOC is … … of the electric quantity of the 2 nd single battery 1n Is the electric quantity of the nth single battery.
Preferably, the battery pack is formed by connecting n single batteries in series; the balancing module comprises a multi-winding transformer, a primary control switch and a plurality of secondary control switches corresponding to single batteries in the battery pack, wherein the multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils, the primary coil is connected in parallel with two ends of the battery pack, the primary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the primary coil and the battery pack, the secondary coils in the plurality of secondary coils are in one-to-one correspondence with the single batteries, two ends of each single battery are connected with a secondary coil in parallel, and a secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by each single battery and the secondary coils connected in parallel with two ends of each single battery.
Preferably, the method for charging the equalization module by using a single battery with an electric quantity greater than an average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to discharge a single battery with an electric quantity less than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack by using the electric energy charged by the equalization module includes: the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery are disconnected, and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery is closed, so that the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery charges the secondary coil corresponding to the single battery; and switching off a secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery, and switching on the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery, so that the multi-winding transformer discharges the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery.
Preferably, the primary control switch and the secondary control switch are MOS transistors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple circuit, high equalization efficiency and small loss. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the active equalization in the battery pack can be realized, the inconsistency in the battery is reduced, the consistency in the battery pack is effectively improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for equalizing electric quantity between battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a power balancing module between battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for balancing electric power among a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an electric quantity balancing module between a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic workflow diagram of a method for balancing electric quantity among battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic workflow diagram of a method for balancing electric quantity among a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Electric quantity detection module 2 control device
3. Equalization module 4 battery pack
PACK 1 PACK 1 2 No. 2 battery pack
T 1 1 st multi-winding transformer T 2 2 nd multi-winding transformer
K 1 1 st primary control switch K 2 2 nd primary control switch
S 1n Nth secondary control switch S of 1 st battery pack 2n Nth secondary control switch of 2 nd battery pack
B 1n Nth single battery B of 1 st battery pack 2n Nth unit cell of 2 nd battery pack
Average battery charge SOC n Electric quantity of nth battery pack
Average electric quantity PACK of nth battery unit cell n Nth battery pack
SOC nn N-th battery pack n-th single battery electric quantity
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for balancing electric power between battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an electric quantity equalizing device between battery packs, the electric quantity equalizing device comprising: the power detection module 1, the control device 2, the equalization module 3 and the battery pack 4. The equalization module 3 is used for absorbing the electric energy of the battery pack and discharging other battery packs by utilizing the electric energy; the power detection module 1 is used for detecting the power SOC of each battery pack n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control module 2 is configured to perform the following operations: receiving the electric quantity SOC of each battery pack n According to the SOC n Calculating average power of battery packSOC is set to n And->Comparing, determining that the electric quantity in the battery pack 4 is larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack +.>Is smaller than the average charge of the battery pack +.>And utilizes a charge greater than the average charge of the battery +.>The equalization module 3 is charged by the battery pack, and then the equalization module 3 is controlled to utilize the charged electric energy to make the electric energy smaller than the average electric energy of the battery packIs discharged. The electric quantity balancing device is characterized in that the electric quantity is higher than that of the battery packAverage electric quantity>The excess charge in the battery is transferred to a charge less than the average charge of the battery>The battery pack realizes the electric quantity balance among the battery packs, reduces the inconsistency among the battery packs and prolongs the service life of the battery.
The technical scheme of the invention can realize the electric quantity balance among n battery packs, and the electric quantity balance between two battery packs is taken as an example.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an electric quantity balancing module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and preferably, a multi-winding transformer type balancing circuit may be used in the present invention. In this embodiment, an equalization module between two battery packs is taken as an example, and the equalization module of this embodiment includes two battery packs, two multi-winding transformers corresponding to the two battery packs, two primary control switches, and secondary control switches corresponding to unit batteries in the battery packs one by one.
As shown in fig. 2, the battery is composed of a battery PACK 1 With battery PACK 2 Composition, battery PACK 1 With battery PACK 2 Each battery pack is composed of n single batteries connected in series. Multi-winding transformer T 1 、T 2 Respectively with battery PACK 1 、PACK 2 Correspondingly, each multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils, and the multi-winding transformer T 1 The primary coil is connected in parallel with the battery PACK PACK 1 Two-end, primary control switch K 1 Series connected in multi-winding transformer T 1 Primary coil of (a) and battery PACK 1 In the formed loop, the multi-winding transformer T 1 Is connected with the secondary coil of the battery PACK 1 The single batteries in the battery PACK are in one-to-one correspondence, and the battery PACK is assembled 1 Two ends of each single battery in the battery are connected in parallel with a multi-winding transformer T 1 Is a secondary winding of a battery PACK 1 Each single battery in the transformer and the multi-winding transformers T at two ends of each single battery 1 A secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the auxiliary coils of the transformer T with multiple windings 2 Connecting battery PACKs in the same manner 2 。
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, adjacent battery PACKs are PACK 1 And PACK 2 Corresponding multi-winding transformers T 1 And T 2 Has an overlap region to enable the battery PACK 1 And PACK 2 Corresponding multi-winding transformers T 1 And T 2 The energy can be exchanged by the unit cells located in the overlapping region, which is shown in fig. 2 as unit cell B 21 。
The electric quantity detection module detects the electric quantity SOC of each battery pack n The electric quantity is input into a control device, and the control device calculates the average electric quantity of the battery pack according to the dataAnd the electric quantity SOC of the battery pack n Average charge to battery->Comparing and controlling the equalization module to perform the following actions: the method comprises the steps of opening a primary control switch connected with a battery pack with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and a primary control switch and a secondary control switch connected with the battery pack with electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, closing a secondary control switch corresponding to a single battery in the battery pack with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and charging a multi-winding transformer connected with the battery pack with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack; opening a secondary control switch corresponding to a single battery in the battery pack with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, closing a primary control switch connected with the battery pack with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack and a secondary control switch connected with the single battery corresponding to the primary coil overlapping area of the multi-winding transformer, and discharging the single battery corresponding to the primary coil overlapping area of the multi-winding transformer by the multi-winding transformer connected with the battery pack with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack; breaking of the wireOpening a primary control switch connected with a battery pack with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, closing the primary control switch connected with the battery pack with electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and enabling the single battery corresponding to the primary coil overlapping area of the multi-winding transformer to charge the multi-winding transformer connected with the battery pack with electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack; and opening a secondary control switch connected with the single battery corresponding to the primary coil overlapping area of the multi-winding transformer, closing a secondary control switch connected with other single batteries in the battery pack with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and discharging the battery pack with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack by the multi-winding transformer connected with the battery pack with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack.
As shown in fig. 2, if the battery PACK is 1 The electric quantity is larger than the battery PACK 2 The control module controls the equalization module to perform the following actions: disconnecting and battery PACK 1 Connected primary control switch K 1 And battery PACK 2 Connected primary control switch K 2 And a secondary control switch S 2n Closed battery PACK 1 Secondary control switch S corresponding to inner single battery 1n Make the battery PACK 1 To multi-winding transformer T 1 Charging; re-opening the secondary control switch S 1n Closing the primary control switch K 1 And single battery B 21 Connected secondary control switch S 21 Make the multi-winding transformer T 1 For single battery B 21 Discharging; opening primary control switch K 1 Closing the primary control switch K 2 To make single battery B 21 To multi-winding transformer T 2 Charging; disconnecting and single battery B 21 Connected secondary control switch S 21 Closing and battery PACK 2 Secondary control switch connected with other single batteries to make multi-winding transformer T 2 PACK for battery PACK with lower average charge than battery PACK 2 And (5) discharging. Thus, the battery PACK is charged by the equalization module 1 The surplus electric quantity in the battery PACK is transferred to the battery PACK 2 Through multiple conversion, the battery pack is finally achievedBattery equalization between.
After the electric quantity equalization between the battery packs is finished, the electric quantity equalization between the single batteries in the battery packs can be realized through the technical scheme provided by the invention. Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for balancing electric power among a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the charge balancing device between a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack includes: battery PACK n The device comprises a power detection module 1, a control device 2 and an equalization module 3. Wherein, the battery PACK n A plurality of single batteries are arranged in the battery; the equalization module 3 is used for absorbing the electric energy of the battery pack unit and discharging other single batteries in the battery pack by utilizing the electric energy; the power detection module 1 is used for detecting the power SOC of each single battery nn The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The control module 2 is configured to perform the following operations: receiving the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn According to the SOC nn Calculating the average electric quantity of the single batterySOC is set to nn And->Comparing and determining the battery PACK n The medium electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>And utilize the battery PACK n The medium electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>The battery cells of (2) charge the equalization module 3, and then control the equalization module 3 to charge the battery PACK by using the charged electric energy n The medium electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery>Is discharged. The electric quantity balancing device is used for balancing the electric quantity of the battery PACK n The internal electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity +.>The excess charge in the cell of (a) is transferred to less than the average charge +.>The balance of the battery electric quantity in the battery pack is realized, the inconsistency in the battery pack is reduced, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an electric quantity balancing module between a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the present invention may employ a multi-winding transformer type equalization circuit. To realize the battery PACK 1 For example, the equalization module of the present embodiment includes a multi-winding transformer T 1 Primary control switch K 1 And a plurality of secondary control switches corresponding to the unit cells in the battery pack.
As shown in fig. 4, the battery PACK 1 Consists of n single batteries connected in series, and a transformer T 1 Has a primary coil and multiple secondary coils, wherein the primary coils are connected in parallel with a battery PACK 1 Two-end, primary control switch K 1 Connected in series with the primary coil and the battery PACK 1 In the loop, the auxiliary coils are in one-to-one correspondence with the single batteries, two ends of each single battery are connected with an auxiliary coil in parallel, and a secondary control switch is connected in series in the loop formed by each single battery and the auxiliary coils connected with the two ends of each single battery in parallel.
The electric quantity detection module 1 detects the electric quantity SOC of each single battery 1n The data are input into the control unit 2, and the control unit 2 calculates the average electric quantity of the single battery according to the dataAnd the electric quantity SOC of the single battery 1n Average electric quantity of single battery->Comparing and controlling the equalization module 3 to perform the following actions: opening primary control switch K 1 The electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>The closing electric quantity of the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>The secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery is used for enabling the single battery with high electricity to charge the secondary coil corresponding to the single battery; then the electric quantity is disconnected to be larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>Secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery, and closing the primary control switch K 1 The electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>Secondary control switch corresponding to single battery of multi-winding transformer T 1 PACK of battery 1 And discharging the single battery with small internal electric quantity. The embodiment adopts the multi-winding transformer as a main device of the balancing module, so that the balancing efficiency can be improved, and the electric energy loss can be reduced.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for balancing electric power between battery packs according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a method for balancing electric quantity among battery packs, including: first detecting the electric quantity SOC of each battery pack n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on the electric quantity SOC of each battery pack n Calculating the average electric quantity of the battery packDetermining a battery pack having an electrical quantity greater than an average electrical quantity of the battery pack; and charging the equalization module by using the battery pack with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to be charged by using the battery packThe electric energy discharges the battery pack with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the battery pack, and by adopting the method, the electric quantity of the battery pack with high electric quantity can be transferred to the battery pack with low electric quantity, so that the inconsistency among the battery packs is reduced. The method can be repeated for a plurality of times to realize the electric quantity balance among the battery packs.
The method of balancing the electric power between the battery packs will be explained using two battery packs as an example with reference to fig. 2 and 5. Battery PACK in this embodiment 1 With battery PACK 2 Each battery pack is formed by connecting n single batteries in series; the balancing module 3 comprises a multi-winding transformer T 1 、T 2 ，T 1 、T 2 Respectively corresponding to battery PACK 1 、PACK 2 Each multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils, and the multi-winding transformer T 1 The primary coil is connected in parallel with the battery PACK PACK 1 Two-end, primary control switch K 1 Series connected in multi-winding transformer T 1 Primary coil of (a) and battery PACK 1 In the formed loop, the multi-winding transformer T 1 Is connected with the secondary coil of the battery PACK 1 The single batteries in the battery PACK are in one-to-one correspondence, and the battery PACK is assembled 1 Two ends of each single battery in the battery are connected in parallel with a multi-winding transformer T 1 Is a secondary winding of a battery PACK 1 Each single battery in the transformer and the multi-winding transformers T at two ends of each single battery 1 A secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the auxiliary coils of the transformer T with multiple windings 2 Connecting battery PACKs in the same manner 2 。
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, adjacent battery PACKs are PACK 1 And PACK 2 Corresponding multi-winding transformers T 1 And T 2 Has an overlap region to enable the battery PACK 1 And PACK 2 Corresponding multi-winding transformers T 1 And T 2 The energy can be exchanged by the unit cells located in the overlapping region, which is shown in fig. 2 as unit cell B 21 。
The method for balancing the electric quantity between the battery packs provided in the embodiment uses the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the battery packsThe equalization module 3 is charged, and then the equalization module 3 is controlled to utilize the charged electric energy to charge the battery with less than the average electric energy of the battery +.>The battery pack is discharged to achieve the purpose of balancing the electric quantity. Correspondingly, with battery PACK 1 Electric quantity SOC 1 Greater than the average charge of the battery pack->For example, the circuit diagram shown in fig. 2 performs the following actions, including: disconnecting and battery PACK 1 Connected primary control switch K 1 And battery PACK 2 Connected primary control switch K 2 And a secondary control switch S 2n Closed battery PACK 1 Secondary control switch S corresponding to inner single battery 1n Make the battery PACK 1 To multi-winding transformer T 1 Charging; re-opening the secondary control switch S 1n Closing the primary control switch K 1 And single battery B 21 Connected secondary control switch S 21 Make the multi-winding transformer T 1 For single battery B 21 Discharging; opening primary control switch K 1 Closing the primary control switch K 2 To make single battery B 21 To multi-winding transformer T 2 Charging; disconnecting and single battery B 21 Connected secondary control switch S 21 Closing and battery PACK 2 Secondary control switch connected with other single batteries to make multi-winding transformer T 2 PACK for battery PACK with lower average charge than battery PACK 2 And (5) discharging. Thus, the battery PACK is charged by the equalization module 1 The surplus electric quantity in the battery PACK is transferred to the battery PACK 2 And finally, the electric quantity balance among the battery packs is achieved through multiple conversions.
Fig. 6 is a schematic workflow diagram of a method for balancing electric power among a plurality of unit cells in a battery pack according to the present embodiment. After the equalization of the electric quantity among the battery packs is completed, the method provided by fig. 6 can be adopted to perform the equalization of the electric quantity among the plurality of single batteries in the battery packs.
As shown in fig. 6, the method for balancing electric quantity among the single batteries in the battery pack comprises the following steps: firstly, detecting the electric quantity SOC of each single battery in a battery pack nn The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the electric quantity SOC of each single battery nn Calculating the average electric quantity of the single batteryDetermining that the electric quantity in the battery pack is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>Is a battery cell of (a); the electric quantity in the battery pack is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>The equalization module 3 is charged by the single battery of (2), and then the equalization module 3 is controlled to utilize the charged electric energy to charge the electric quantity of the battery pack less than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>Is discharged.
Combining fig. 4 and 6 to realize a battery PACK 1 The method is explained by taking the equalization of the electric quantity among the inner single batteries as an example. As shown in fig. 4, the disconnection and battery PACK 1 Connected primary control switch K 1 PACK battery PACK 1 The internal electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single batterySecondary control switch corresponding to the single battery of (a), closing the battery PACK 1 The internal electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>Secondary control switch corresponding to single batteryClosing to make the battery PACK 1 The electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>The auxiliary coil corresponding to the single battery is charged by the single battery; disconnecting battery PACK 1 The electric quantity is larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery>Secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery of (a), closing the battery PACK 1 Said primary control switch K 1 The electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery +.>Secondary control switch corresponding to single battery of the transformer T with multiple windings 1 PACK of battery 1 The internal electric quantity is smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery>Is charged and discharged by the single battery. Thus, the battery PACK is assembled 1 The electric quantity of the single battery with high electric quantity is transferred to the single battery with low electric quantity, so that the purpose of balancing the electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack is achieved.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple variations and combinations are likewise to be regarded as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as being disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus for equalizing charge between a plurality of cells in a battery pack, comprising:
the equalization module is used for absorbing the electric energy of the single battery and discharging other single batteries in the battery pack by utilizing the electric energy;
the electric quantity detection module is used for detecting the electric quantity of each single batteryThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And
control means for performing the following operations:
according to the electric quantity of each single batteryCalculating the average electric quantity of the single battery>；
Determining a single battery with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack; and
the equalization module is charged by utilizing the single batteries with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single batteries in the battery pack, and then the equalization module is controlled to discharge the single batteries with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single batteries in the battery pack by utilizing the charged electric energy;
the battery pack is formed by connecting n single batteries in series; the balancing module comprises a multi-winding transformer, a primary control switch and a plurality of secondary control switches corresponding to single batteries in the battery pack,
the multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils;
the primary coil is connected in parallel with two ends of the battery pack, the primary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the primary coil and the battery pack, and
the auxiliary coils in the auxiliary coils are in one-to-one correspondence with the single batteries, two ends of each single battery are connected with the auxiliary coils in parallel, and a secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by each single battery and the auxiliary coils connected with the two ends of each single battery in parallel;
wherein the primary coils of the multi-winding transformers corresponding to the adjacent battery packs respectively have an overlapping area, so that the multi-winding transformers corresponding to the adjacent battery packs respectively exchange energy through the single batteries positioned in the overlapping area,
wherein, the calculation formula of the average electric quantity of the single battery is as followsWherein the battery pack comprises n single cells, the +.>Is the electric quantity of the 1 st single battery, the +.>The power … … of the 2 nd single battery>Is the electric quantity of the nth single battery,
wherein the control device is used for executing the following operations:
the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery are disconnected, and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery is closed, so that the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery charges the secondary coil corresponding to the single battery;
and switching off a secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery, and switching on the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery, so that the multi-winding transformer discharges the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery.
2. The charge equalization apparatus of claim 1 wherein the primary control switch and the secondary control switch are MOS transistors.
3. A method of balancing power among a plurality of cells in a battery pack, comprising:
detecting electric quantity of each single battery in battery pack；
According to the electric quantity of each single batteryCalculating the average electric quantity of the single battery>；
Determining a single battery with electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack; and
charging the equalization module by using a single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to discharge the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack by using the electric energy charged by the equalization module;
the battery pack is formed by connecting n single batteries in series; the balancing module comprises a multi-winding transformer, a primary control switch and a plurality of secondary control switches corresponding to single batteries in the battery pack,
the multi-winding transformer comprises a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils,
the primary coil is connected in parallel with two ends of the battery pack, the primary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by the primary coil and the battery pack, and
the auxiliary coils in the auxiliary coils are in one-to-one correspondence with the single batteries, two ends of each single battery are connected with the auxiliary coils in parallel, and a secondary control switch is connected in series in a loop formed by each single battery and the auxiliary coils connected with the two ends of each single battery in parallel;
wherein the primary coils of the multi-winding transformers corresponding to the adjacent battery packs respectively have an overlapping area, so that the multi-winding transformers corresponding to the adjacent battery packs respectively exchange energy through the single batteries positioned in the overlapping area,
wherein, the calculation formula of the average electric quantity of the single battery is as followsWherein the battery pack comprises n single cells, the +.>Is the electric quantity of the 1 st single battery, the +.>The power … … of the 2 nd single battery>Is the electric quantity of the nth single battery,
the method for charging the equalization module by using the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack, and then controlling the equalization module to discharge the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack by using the electric energy charged by the equalization module comprises the following steps:
the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery are disconnected, and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery is closed, so that the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery charges the secondary coil corresponding to the single battery;
and switching off a secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity larger than the average electric quantity of the single battery, and switching on the primary control switch and the secondary control switch corresponding to the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery, so that the multi-winding transformer discharges the single battery with the electric quantity smaller than the average electric quantity of the single battery.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the primary control switch and the secondary control switch are MOS transistors.
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