CN106980138B - Marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source - Google Patents
Marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source Download PDFInfo
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- CN106980138B CN106980138B CN201710314697.3A CN201710314697A CN106980138B CN 106980138 B CN106980138 B CN 106980138B CN 201710314697 A CN201710314697 A CN 201710314697A CN 106980138 B CN106980138 B CN 106980138B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/157—Generating seismic energy using spark discharges; using exploding wires
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source comprises a water control excitation unit with a time delay control circuit, a depth sensor and a cylindrical vertical array frame connected with the water control excitation unit through an energy transmission connecting cable, wherein a plurality of columnar electrode carriers with negative electrodes parallel to the outer side of the frame are arranged, and the water control excitation unit excites different energies at the same time by the negative electrodes with different depths in a mode of providing electric energy for the negative electrodes. The method is based on the spatial arrangement mode of the electrodes, so that excitation energy of each layer of cathode electrode is different, sinusoidal or natural logarithmic weighting can be carried out, wavelets generated by each layer of cathode electrode can be mutually staggered and overlapped to suppress virtual reflection, the combination of the seismic wavelets generated by excitation of all the cathode electrodes is effectively controlled by a system, the virtual reflection of the seismic wavelets generated by excitation of a vertical array electric spark seismic source is suppressed to the maximum, and the resolution of field data acquisition of seismic exploration is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric spark source in the marine seismic exploration process, in particular to an ocean high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark source which is used for an ocean field high-resolution stereoscopic observation system, exploration and acquisition of shallow seismic reflection information in the ocean floor and marine geological investigation.
Background
In marine field seismic exploration, a seismic source is key equipment in a marine seismic exploration data acquisition system, and particularly for shallow stratum exploration in the ocean, electric spark is one of important seismic sources. With the progress of high-resolution seismic data acquisition technology in the years, the environmental awareness of acquisition personnel is improved, and an electric spark seismic source plays a main role in marine seismic exploration. The spark source commonly used in China at present is mainly composed of SIG series produced by French S.I.G. company and Geo-spark series produced by Holland Geo-Resources company. The related marine electric spark seismic source developed at home and abroad is mainly excited in a planar array mode, and the purpose of improving the penetration depth of seismic exploration seismic waves is achieved by utilizing the combination to linearly increase the sub-wave energy. However, with the increase of the requirements of the seismic exploration technology, how to widen the bandwidth of the source wavelet and increase the dominant frequency of the source wavelet is a problem to be considered by geophysicists. How to suppress the virtual reflection brought by the water vapor interface, how to improve the energy and penetration depth and the like is a focus to be improved based on the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark source, which is used for improving the effect of expanding the wavelet band of the source by adjusting space and energy of an electric spark array and generating high-resolution seismic wavelets so as to be suitable for the related technical requirements of a marine high-resolution multi-channel seismic exploration system.
According to the relation between the pressure of the bubble wall generated by the single electrode and time, namely the bubble pulse of the single electrode, the invention regularly adjusts the excitation energy of each single electrode, such as sinusoidal energy or exponential energy, and constructs the ocean high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source according to the difference between the space of each electrode and the excitation energy.
The marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source is characterized by comprising a water control excitation unit and a depth sensor positioned under water, wherein the water control excitation unit is connected with the top end of a cylindrical vertical array frame through an energy transmission connecting cable with an anode watertight joint, the cylindrical vertical array frame is a whole seismic source electrode carrier and comprises a plurality of columnar electrode carriers, each columnar electrode carrier is uniformly arranged around the axis of the cylindrical vertical array frame, each columnar electrode carrier is parallel to the axis and has the same distance from the axis, and the distance between every two adjacent columnar electrode carriers is equal; a plurality of cathode electrodes are arranged on each columnar electrode carrier at equal intervals along the length direction; each cathode electrode has the same direction and is positioned in the radial direction of the columnar electrode carrier; the water control excitation unit comprises an energy coherence control circuit, and the negative electrodes with different depths excite different energies at the same time in a mode of supplying electric energy to the negative electrodes.
The energy coherent control circuit is utilized to enable the cathode electrodes with different depths to be excited at different times, and sinusoidal or exponential excitation energy combination is adopted.
One form of the sinusoidal excitation energy combination is: the shallowest layer cathode electrode is used as an initial layer, different energies are excited according to different layers, the excitation energy of each layer and the previous layer accords with the formula E=E0 sin (k (pi/2/N)), k is a kth layer, N is the total layer number, and E0 is a single cathode electrode excitation energy set value.
One form of the combination of exponential excitation energies is: the shallowest layer cathode electrode is used as an initial layer, different energies are excited according to different layers, the excitation energy of each layer and the previous layer accords with the formula E=E0×ln (k ((E-1)/N)), k is a kth layer, N is the total layer number, and E0 is a single cathode electrode excitation energy set value.
In actual operation, the vertical array seismic source is vertically placed in sea water, and all electrodes are synchronously excited according to the preset energy change, so that bubbles excited by each layer of cathode electrode from top to bottom are overlapped in phase, and due to different energy, corresponding single-electrode wavelet amplitudes are different, and the result of mutual overlapping can effectively suppress sea surface ghost reflection.
The vertical array frame is in the shape of a cylinder with the bottom surface diameter of 400mm and the height of 2000mm, and comprises 16 columnar electrode carriers which are vertically arranged, wherein the distance between every two adjacent columnar electrode carriers is 2cm, each columnar electrode carrier is provided with 100 negative electrodes, all the negative electrodes belong to the same loop, and the distance between every two adjacent negative electrodes is 2cm; all the cathode electrodes are arranged in a grid shape (each cathode electrode is equal to the interval between the upper, lower, left and right adjacent cathode electrodes).
The cathode electrode is a copper wire wrapped by a polyester material, and the energy range of the single electrode is 5-30J when the single electrode discharges;
the bottom of the cylindrical vertical array frame is provided with a freely swinging balance weight ball 7.
The whole excitation energy range of the seismic source is 8000-48000J.
The anode watertight joint is convenient to install and detach, the balance weight ball is used for balance adjustment of the vertical array frame in a free state in water, and the depth sensor is used for measuring the sinking depth of the seismic source.
In order to ensure that the vertical array electric spark seismic source is not severely shaken as a whole under the sea condition of large surge, the balance weight ball is additionally arranged at the bottom of the seismic source, the balance weight ball comprises the balance weight ball and a rotating shaft positioned at the bottom of the cylindrical vertical array frame, and the balance weight ball is connected with the rotating shaft through a swinging rod, so that the vibration of the seismic source caused by the surge is eliminated.
The method for generating the source wavelet by using the marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the seismic source is carried on a working ship and driven to a preset sea area, the device is hoisted into water, whether the depth of the seismic source reaches a preset depth is detected by a depth pressure sensor,
the water control excitation unit supplies power to each columnar electrode carrier, so that the cathode electrodes with different depths excite different energies at the same time to generate source wavelets, and the generated source wavelets can suppress virtual reflection according to the energy difference of the cathode electrodes, so that the energy of a source and the resolution of the seismic wavelets are improved, and the method is suitable for marine high-resolution seismic exploration.
The invention has the following characteristics:
a. the marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source utilizes the prior art of cathode electrode discharge consistency, and based on the electrode space arrangement mode, the excitation energy of each layer of cathode electrode 6 is subjected to sinusoidal or natural logarithmic weighting, so that wavelets generated by each cathode electrode can be mutually staggered and overlapped to suppress ghost reflection. The system effectively controls the combination of the seismic wavelets generated by the excitation of all the cathode electrodes 6, maximally suppresses the virtual reflection of the seismic wavelets generated by the excitation of the vertical array electric spark seismic source, and greatly improves the resolution of the field data acquisition of the seismic exploration.
b. The cathode discharge is the prior art, and the technology is characterized in that the electrode discharge does not consume materials, and the wavelet consistency of a single electrode can be maintained.
c. In order to ensure that the whole vibration of the vibration source is not very severe under the sea condition of large surge, the bottom of the vibration source is provided with the balance weight ball, and the purpose is to limit the vibration angle of the vertical array vibration source by utilizing the free vibration of the balance weight ball.
d. The depth of sinking of the cylinder is determined by the depth pressure sensor 4 in real time transmission and is used for calculating the spatial distance for suppressing the ghost.
e. The whole electrode is arranged into 16 symmetrical columnar electrode carriers, and the symmetrical columnar electrode carriers are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the cylinder at equal intervals by taking the central line of the whole electrode frame as a symmetry.
f. 100 electrodes are arranged on each columnar carrier at equal intervals, all electrodes belong to the same loop, and the electrode spacing is 2cm. By means of the arrangement, the seismic wavelets generated by the cathode electrodes 6 with the same depth can be overlapped in a time-delay mode by utilizing different spatial depths of the cathode electrodes 6, and sea surface ghost reflection can be effectively suppressed.
g. The seismic source integral frame 4 is 400mm in diameter and 2000mm in height on the bottom surface. All electrodes belong to the same circuit and are excited simultaneously. The columnar electrode carriers 5 were spaced 2cm apart, and 16 columnar electrode carriers 5 were arrayed around the vertical. The cathode electrode 6 on each columnar electrode carrier 5 was 2cm in length and 5mm in diameter in bottom area. The cathode electrode 6 is structured by a discharge copper wire 9 wrapped by a polyester material 10.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a marine high resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined spark source of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a single cylindrical electrode carrier.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single cathode electrode.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the seismic source whole frame, columnar electrode carrier and cathode electrode.
FIG. 5 shows a source wavelet generated by a marine high resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined spark source of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an amplitude spectrum of the source wavelet shown in FIG. 5.
The device comprises a water control excitation unit 1, an energy transmission cable 2, an anode watertight joint 3, a cylindrical vertical array frame 4, a cylindrical electrode carrier 5, a cathode electrode 6, a balance weight ball 7, a depth sensor 8, a discharge copper wire 9 and a polyester material 10.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source is characterized by comprising a water control excitation unit 1 and a depth sensor 8 positioned under water, wherein the water control excitation unit 1 is connected with the top end of a cylindrical vertical array frame 4 through an energy transmission connection cable 2 with an anode watertight joint 3, the cylindrical vertical array frame 4 is a whole seismic source electrode carrier and comprises a plurality of columnar electrode carriers 5, each columnar electrode carrier 5 is uniformly arranged around the axis of the cylindrical vertical array frame 4, each columnar electrode carrier 5 is parallel to the axis and has the same distance from the axis, and the distance between every two adjacent columnar electrode carriers 5 is equal; a plurality of cathode electrodes 6 are arranged on each columnar electrode carrier 5 at equal intervals along the length direction; each cathode electrode 6 has the same direction and is located in the radial direction of the columnar electrode carrier 5;
the water control excitation unit 1 comprises an energy coherence control circuit, and causes the cathode electrodes 6 with different depths to excite different energies at the same time in a mode of supplying electric energy to the cathode electrodes 6.
The above-mentioned time delay control circuit is utilized to excite the cathode electrodes 6 with different depths at different times, where the excitation rule includes sinusoidal or exponential excitation energy combinations, i.e. the shallowest cathode electrode 6 is the initial excitation layer, and sequentially excite layer by layer, and the excitation energy of each layer distance and the previous layer accords with the formula e=e0×sin (k (pi/2/N)) or e=e0×ln (k ((E-1)/N)), k is the kth layer, N is the total layer number, and E0 is the single cathode electrode excitation energy set value.
In actual operation, the vertical array seismic source is vertically placed in sea water, and all electrodes are synchronously excited according to the preset energy change, so that bubbles excited by each layer of cathode electrode 6 from top to bottom are overlapped in phase, and due to different energy, corresponding single-electrode wavelet amplitudes are different, and the result of mutual overlapping can effectively suppress sea surface ghost reflection.
The method for generating the source wavelet by using the marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark source is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the seismic source is carried on a working ship and driven to a preset sea area, the device is hoisted into water, whether the preset depth is reached or not is detected by a depth pressure sensor 8,
the water control excitation unit 1 supplies power to each columnar electrode carrier 5, so that the cathode electrodes 6 with different depths excite different energies at the same time to generate source wavelets, and the generated source wavelets can suppress ghost reflection according to the energy difference of the cathode electrodes 6, thereby improving the energy of the source and the resolution of the seismic wavelets, and being suitable for marine high-resolution seismic exploration work.
Examples
The vertical array frame 4 is in the shape of a cylinder with the bottom surface diameter of 400mm and the height of 2000mm, and comprises 16 columnar electrode carriers 5 which are vertically arranged, wherein the distance between every two adjacent columnar electrode carriers 5 is 2cm, each columnar electrode carrier 5 is provided with 100 negative electrodes 6, all the negative electrodes 6 belong to the same loop, and the distance between every two adjacent negative electrodes 6 is 2cm; all the cathode electrodes 6 are arranged in a grid.
The cathode electrode 6 is a copper wire wrapped by a polyester material, and the energy range of the single electrode is 5-30J when the single electrode discharges;
the whole excitation energy range of the seismic source is 8000-48000J.
The anode watertight joint 3 is convenient to install and detach, the balance weight ball 7 is used for balance adjustment of the vertical array frame in a free state in a water body, and the depth sensor 8 is used for measuring the sinking depth of a seismic source.
In order to ensure that the vertical array electric spark seismic source is not severely shaken as a whole under the sea condition of large surge, the balance weight ball 7 is additionally arranged at the bottom of the seismic source, the balance weight ball 7 comprises the balance weight ball and a rotating shaft positioned at the bottom of the cylindrical vertical array frame 4, and the balance weight ball is connected with the rotating shaft through a swinging rod, so that the vibration of the seismic source caused by the surge is eliminated.
The energy transmission cable 2 is about 150m long, the depth sensor 8 is installed on the top of the seismic source whole frame 4, and the balance weight ball 7 and the cathode electrode 6 are all integrally installed on the seismic source whole frame 4. Wherein every 100 cathode electrodes are integrated on one columnar electrode carrier, and then 20 columnar electrode carriers are sequentially arranged on the columnar side face of the seismic source integral frame.
The 150m connecting cable 2 is integrated with a plurality of cables and is connected through an anode watertight joint 3. The depth sensor comprises 20 strands of power supply charge-discharge cathode wires and anode wires (corresponding to the number of columnar electrode carriers), 1 strand of depth sensor real-time transmission wires and 1 strand of ground wires. Various cables are wrapped and integrated by insulating soft metal materials, so that inductance effects among the cables are prevented. All cable joints are integrated in the anode watertight joint 3, in which connection the indoor unit and the outdoor unit is realized.
According to the prior art of cathode discharge, the method utilizes synchronously excited electrodes to comprehensively calculate the focus wavelet based on different spatial depth position relations and sinusoidal or natural logarithmic excitation energy of each layer of cathode electrode 6Time Delay and energy superpositionAnd carrying out dislocation superposition pressing virtual reflection.
As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the source wavelet produced by the method has the characteristics of high bandwidth, high resolution and good ghost suppression, and meets the requirements of marine high-resolution seismic exploration.
Claims (9)
1. The marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source is characterized by comprising a water control excitation unit (1) and a depth sensor (8) positioned under water, wherein the water control excitation unit (1) is connected with the top end of a cylindrical vertical array frame (4) through an energy transmission connecting cable (2) with an anode watertight joint (3), the cylindrical vertical array frame (4) is a whole seismic source electrode carrier and comprises a plurality of columnar electrode carriers (5), each columnar electrode carrier (5) is uniformly arranged around the axis of the cylindrical vertical array frame (4), each columnar electrode carrier (5) is parallel to the axis and has the same distance from the axis, and the distance between every two adjacent columnar electrode carriers (5) is equal; a plurality of cathode electrodes (6) are arranged on each columnar electrode carrier (5) at equal intervals along the length direction; each cathode electrode (6) has the same direction and is positioned in the radial direction of the columnar electrode carrier (5); the water control excitation unit (1) comprises an energy coherence control circuit, and the negative electrodes (6) with different depths excite different energies at the same time in a mode of supplying electric energy to the negative electrodes (6).
2. Marine high resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined spark source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the above water control excitation unit (1) is arranged to excite different energies at the same time by the cathode electrode (6) of different depths in such a way that the cathode electrode (6) is supplied with electric energy, and sinusoidal or exponential excitation energy combination is adopted.
3. The marine high resolution volumetric vertical energy combining spark source of claim 2, wherein one of said sinusoidal excitation energy combinations is in the form of: the shallowest layer cathode electrode (6) is used as an initial layer, different energies are excited according to different layers, the excitation energy of each layer and the previous layer accords with the formula E=E0 sin (k (pi/2/N)), k is a kth layer, N is the total layer number, and E0 is a single cathode electrode excitation energy set value.
4. The marine high resolution volumetric vertical energy combining spark source of claim 2, wherein one of said exponential excitation energy combinations is of the form: the shallowest layer cathode electrode (6) is used as an initial layer, different energies are excited according to different layers, the excitation energy of each layer and the previous layer accords with the formula E=E0×ln (k ((E-1)/N)), k is a kth layer, N is the total layer number, and E0 is a single cathode electrode excitation energy set value.
5. The marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical vertical array frame (4) is in the shape of a cylinder with the bottom diameter of 400mm and the height of 2000mm, and comprises 16 columnar electrode carriers (5) which are vertically arranged, the distance between two adjacent columnar electrode carriers (5) is 2cm, 100 cathode electrodes (6) are arranged on each columnar electrode carrier (5), all the cathode electrodes (6) belong to the same loop, and the distance between two adjacent cathode electrodes (6) is 2cm; all the cathode electrodes (6) are arranged in a grid shape.
6. The marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined electric spark seismic source as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the cathode electrode (6) is a copper wire wrapped by a polyester material, and the energy range of the single electrode is 5-30J when discharging.
7. Marine high resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined spark source according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that a freely swinging balancing weight ball (7) is mounted at the bottom of the cylindrical vertical array frame (4).
8. The marine high resolution, stereoscopic, vertical energy combined spark source of claim 6, wherein said source has an overall excitation energy in the range of 8000-48000J.
9. A method for generating source wavelet using a marine high-resolution stereoscopic vertical energy combined spark source according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
the seismic source is carried on a working ship and driven to a preset sea area, the seismic source is hoisted into water, whether the depth of the seismic source reaches a preset depth is detected by a depth pressure sensor (6),
the water control excitation unit (1) supplies power to each columnar electrode carrier (5) to enable the cathode electrodes (6) with different depths to excite different energies at the same time, so that source wavelets are generated, virtual reflection can be suppressed according to the energy difference of the cathode electrodes (6) by the generated source wavelets, and accordingly the energy of a source and the resolution of the seismic wavelets are improved, and the water control excitation unit is suitable for marine high-resolution seismic exploration.
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