CN106973897B - 一种诱杀果实蝇的黏胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种诱杀果实蝇的黏胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106973897B
CN106973897B CN201710291889.7A CN201710291889A CN106973897B CN 106973897 B CN106973897 B CN 106973897B CN 201710291889 A CN201710291889 A CN 201710291889A CN 106973897 B CN106973897 B CN 106973897B
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林勇文
林培春
洪明归
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Zhangzhou Likang Pest Prevention And Control Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种诱杀果实蝇的黏胶及其制备方法，所述黏胶的主要成分按重量百分数计包括：顺‑3‑己烯醇0.01‑0.1%，顺‑3‑己烯醛0.01‑0.1%，顺‑3‑己烯基乙酸酯0.01‑0.1%，beta‑罗勒烯0.02‑0.2%，D‑柠檬酸0.02‑0.2%，水杨酸甲酯0.01‑0.1%，薄荷醇0.01‑0.1%，有机溶剂0.5‑5%，天然黏胶94.91‑98.6%。本发明所制得的黏胶对雄性和雌性成虫均有良好的吸引效果。

Description

一种诱杀果实蝇的黏胶及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于害虫防治技术领域，特别涉及一种诱杀果实蝇的黏胶。
背景技术
果实蝇隶属双翅目(Diptera)、实蝇科(Tcohritidae),是水果和蔬菜类作物的主要危险性害虫。果实蝇属Bactrocera Macquart于2007年5月28日被列入《中华人民共和国进境植物有害生物名录》,其危害表现在:果实蝇属种类多,共有23亚属,440余种,其中,危险性或对果蔬作物具有潜在威胁的种类计有36种;寄主范围极广,涉及水果类寄主21科37属,蔬菜类寄主4科16属;分布广,主要分布于热带亚洲、亚热带和暖温带地区,以及澳大利亚和南太平洋地区、非洲南部和夏威夷群岛等几十个国家和地区;繁殖力大,适应性强,危害大,该属以幼虫蛀食为害果实、蔬菜,受其危害的果蔬,因不能食用而失去商品价值,严重时会造成绝收而造成损失巨大,影响果蔬对外贸易;其卵、幼虫可随寄主果实,蛹可随包装物及运输工具进行远距离传播,一旦传入条件适宜的非疫区国家和地区定殖后就有爆发的可能,其结果不仅酿成重大的经济损失,还长期影响水果和瓜类的出口,对新入侵区国家和地区的果蔬种植业构成严重威胁。世界上许多国家都将果实蝇列为最具危险性的检疫性有害生物。随着世界经济全球化,贸易自由化进程加快,国际农产品贸易交流频繁和旅游业的迅猛发展,进出境农副产品将越来越多,尤其是从国外进口和旅客携带入境的水果不断增加,给果实蝇的传入带来了可能和潜在危险,也将严重威胁我国的水果、蔬菜生产。为了防止果实蝇的传入传播,必须加强口岸进口检疫,严格把关;开展对水果、蔬菜进口有关和境外旅客入境的相关港口,果蔬产区、涉外宾馆、远洋垃圾集中堆放、处理场所及入境旅客旅游热点地区等地疫情监测,实时掌握外来入侵动态,一旦发现疫情,及时予以封锁和根除,做到以防为主,防范于未然;开展果实蝇的风险预警研究,为口岸的针对性检疫,为相关部门制订风险管理对策等提供依据。
果实蝇的防治，主要是针对成虫的杀灭，目前最被认可的有两种，一种是性诱剂诱杀雄成虫，另一种是添加引诱剂的黏胶诱杀成虫。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种引诱果实蝇的黏胶，以顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、D-柠檬酸、水杨酸甲酯和薄荷醇为引诱剂成分，对雄性和雌性成虫均有良好的吸引效果；用有机溶剂溶解引诱剂之后再溶于天然黏胶中。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种引诱果实蝇的黏胶的制备方法，其生产方法简单、使用简便。
本发明提供一种引诱果实蝇的黏胶，包括如下组分：顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、D-柠檬酸、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇、有机溶剂和天然黏胶。
具体的，一种引诱果实蝇的黏胶包括如下重量百分数的组分：顺-3-己烯醇0.01-0.1%，顺-3-己烯醛0.01-0.1%，顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯0.01-0.1%，beta-罗勒烯0.02-0.2%，D-柠檬酸0.02-0.2%，水杨酸甲酯0.01-0.1%，薄荷醇0.01-0.1%，有机溶剂0.5-5%，天然黏胶94.91-98.6%。
较佳的，其中顺-3-己烯醇分子式为C6H12O，其含量为0.041%。
较佳的，其中顺-3-己烯醛分子式为C6H10O，其含量为0.021%。
较佳的，其中顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯分子式为C8H14O2，其含量为0.077%。
较佳的，其中beta-罗勒烯分子式为 C10H16，其含量为0.11%。
较佳的，其中D-柠檬酸分子式为C6H8O7，其含量为0.14%。
较佳的，其中水杨酸甲酯分子式为C8H14O2，其含量为0.05%。
较佳的，其中薄荷醇分子式为C10H20O，其含量为0.05%。
较佳的，其中有机溶剂含量为4.20%。
较佳的，所述有机溶剂成分为苯乙烯。
较佳的，其中天然黏胶含量为95.311%。
较佳的，所述天然黏胶成分为松香树脂。
本发明还提供上述引诱果蝇的黏胶的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
步骤1，溶解引诱剂：将顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇和D-柠檬酸溶解于有机溶剂中；
步骤2，黏胶制作：将引诱剂倒入黏胶中，搅拌器搅拌10分钟，使其均匀分布。
本发明提供上述引诱果实蝇的黏胶在果实蝇防治中的应用。具体的使用方法为，将黏胶涂布于纸板、塑料瓶或其它物体表面即可。
本发明的有益效果有：
1、本发明的引诱果实蝇的黏胶通过顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇和D-柠檬酸共同作用，对果实蝇雄虫和雌虫均有良好的吸引效果。
2、本发明的引诱果实蝇的黏胶采用的主要活性成分顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇和D-柠檬酸，以及天然黏胶均不会污染环境，无毒无公害。
3、本发明的引诱果实蝇的黏胶使用方便灵活，可直接涂布于物体表面，也可以装于喷雾罐中，再在物体表面喷雾。
4、本发明的引诱果实蝇的黏胶对果实蝇属的害虫均有良好的引诱效果，可用于大面积防治各种果实蝇。
5、本发明中，发明人最新研究发现，果实蝇对适当浓度薄荷醇呈现出较强的触角电位反应，同时在薄荷醇与D-柠檬酸对果实蝇的引诱力有较佳的增效作用，果实蝇对薄荷醇+ D-柠檬酸的触角电位具有显著的增益反应。
具体实施方式
通过下面给出的本发明的具体实施例和比较实施例可以进一步清楚地了解本发明，但它们不是对本发明的限定。具体实施例和比较实施例中没有详细叙述的部分是采用现有技术、公知技术手段和行业标准获得的。
除非另有说明，本发明中所采用的百分数均为重量百分数。
实施例1
配方：
引诱果实蝇的黏胶的原料组分及其配比具体参见表1。
表1配方比例
制备：
以顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇和D-柠檬酸为引诱剂，利用有机溶剂溶解，再与黏胶混合，制得本发明引诱果实蝇的黏胶。
将0.041g顺-3-己烯醇、0.021g顺-3-己烯醛和0.077g顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、0.11gbeta-罗勒烯、0.14g D-柠檬酸、0.05g 水杨酸甲酯和0.05g 薄荷醇溶于4.20g有机溶剂中，充分溶解后，加入95.311g天然黏胶，后用搅拌器搅拌，使引诱剂均匀分布于黏胶中。
施用方法：
将含有引诱剂的黏胶涂布于塑料瓶，施药量为20g，后悬挂于苦瓜地正中间，该试验地的苦瓜已经接近成熟，该实验田块面积为300平方米。
实施例2
该实施例实施过程与实施例1基本相同，其配方比例的区别详见表1。
实施例3
该实施例实施过程与实施例1基本相同，其配方比例的区别详见表1。
对比例1
采用现有技术中的防治剂1：台湾嘉农企业股份有限公司生产的稳黏，使用时在塑料瓶表面喷20g。
对比例2
采用现有技术中的防治剂2：美国陶氏益农公司生产的猎蝇，使用时在塑料瓶表面涂布20g。
对比例3
该对比例的实施过程与实施例1基本相同，其配方比例的区别详见表1。
对比例4
该对比例的实施过程与实施例1基本相同，其配方比例的区别详见表1。
对比例5
该对比例的实施过程与实施例1基本相同，其配方比例的区别详见表1。
表2给出了实施例1至3的引诱剂的黏胶和对比例1至5的果实蝇防治药剂，使用于300平方米苦瓜地后，不同时期对果实蝇的引诱效果。从中看出，对照组各个时期对果实蝇的引诱效果显著低于实施例和对比例；3组实施例对果实蝇雌虫的引诱效数量高于雄虫，对比例1引诱的雄虫数量远高于雌虫，对比例2对雄虫和雌虫的吸引力差别不大；实施例1中对引诱成虫的数量多于其余两组实施例和所有对比例，且对雌成虫的引诱数量远高于雄虫。这说明本发明引诱剂的黏胶对果实蝇具有良好的引诱效果，且对雌成虫的引诱效果优于雄成虫，能有效防治果实蝇。
表2 不同时间果实蝇引诱数量
备注：对照组不加引诱剂和溶剂，100%天然黏胶。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明申请专利范围所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种黏胶用于诱杀果实蝇的应用，其特征在于，所述黏胶的组成成分按重量百分数计为：顺-3-己烯醇0.01-0.1%，顺-3-己烯醛0.01-0.1%，顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯0.01-0.1%，beta-罗勒烯0.02-0.2%，D-柠檬酸0.02-0.2%，水杨酸甲酯0.01-0.1%，薄荷醇0.01-0.1%，有机溶剂0.5-5%，天然黏胶94.91-98.6%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述黏胶的组成成分按重量百分数计为：顺-3-己烯醇0.041%、顺-3-己烯醛0.021%、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯0.077%、beta-罗勒烯0.11%、D-柠檬酸0.14%、水杨酸甲酯0.05%、薄荷醇0.05%、有机溶剂4.20%、天然黏胶95.311%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的有机溶剂为苯乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的天然黏胶为松香树脂。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述黏胶的制备方法包括下述步骤：
（1）溶解引诱剂：将顺-3-己烯醇、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯、beta-罗勒烯、水杨酸甲酯、薄荷醇和D-柠檬酸溶解于有机溶剂中；
（2）黏胶制作：将步骤（1）制得的引诱剂倒入黏胶中，搅拌器搅拌10分钟，使其均匀分布。
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