CN106972725B - Single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor and control method thereof - Google Patents
Single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106972725B CN106972725B CN201710378208.0A CN201710378208A CN106972725B CN 106972725 B CN106972725 B CN 106972725B CN 201710378208 A CN201710378208 A CN 201710378208A CN 106972725 B CN106972725 B CN 106972725B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
- H02K1/148—Sectional cores
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor, which comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator consists of front, middle and rear stator cores, the number of salient poles of the three stator cores is equal, gaps are reserved among the three stator cores, the salient pole center lines in the front and rear stator cores are on the same straight line, the salient pole center lines in the middle stator core are overlapped with the concave pole center lines in the front and rear stator cores, stator electromagnetic windings are arranged on the salient poles of the three stator cores, the rotor consists of a rotor core and permanent magnets, the number of salient poles of the rotor core is equal to that of the salient poles of the single stator core, permanent magnets are embedded on the salient poles of the rotor core, and the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are radial and have different polarities. On the basis of keeping the special advantages of the conventional switched reluctance motor, the invention eliminates the inherent torque pulsation of the conventional switched reluctance motor, improves the power density of the motor, improves the conversion efficiency of the input energy of the power supply, and effectively realizes the aim of energy conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor with input energy capable of being reused and a control method thereof.
Background
In a conventional single-phase switched reluctance motor, since the starting problem of the motor is considered, the salient pole of the rotor of the motor is generally required to be deformed so that the motor can achieve the purpose of self-starting. However, the salient pole of the rotor is not a double salient pole structure in the original sense after being deformed, so that the special characteristics of the traditional double salient pole switch reluctance motor are lost or weakened, the control characteristics are changed, and the motor cannot realize bidirectional operation; in addition, the conventional single-phase switched reluctance motor has the defects of large fluctuation of output torque, low output torque density, incapability of generating continuous torque output and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor and the control method thereof can recycle the input energy, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the input energy and achieving the purpose of effective energy saving.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor, includes stator, rotor, motor output shaft and control system, be the air gap between the salient pole of stator and rotor, the corresponding relation of stator and rotor is inner rotor structure or outer rotor structure, the fixed cup joint in motor output shaft periphery of rotor, its characterized in that: the stator consists of a front section stator core, a middle section stator core and a rear section stator core, the number of concave salient poles and the width of concave salient poles of the three sections of stator cores are equal, the number of concave salient poles and the number of salient poles are even, gaps are reserved among the three sections of stator cores, salient pole positions in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are kept consistent, namely the central lines of salient poles in the two sections of stator cores are on the same straight line, the central lines of the salient pole positions in the middle section stator core are overlapped with the central lines of concave poles in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core, and stator electromagnetic windings are arranged at the salient pole positions of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core; the rotor consists of rotor iron cores and permanent magnets, the number of salient poles of the rotor iron cores is equal to that of any section of stator iron cores, the salient pole width on the stator iron cores is smaller than that of the rotor iron cores, the rotor iron cores are divided into front, middle and rear sections, the permanent magnets are embedded in the middle sections of the rotor iron cores, which correspond to the salient pole parts, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are radial, the polarities of the permanent magnets embedded in the adjacent salient poles in the middle sections of the rotor iron cores are different, the polarities of the middle sections of the rotor iron cores are different from the polarities of the corresponding front and rear sections of the rotor iron cores, the central lines of the salient poles of the front, middle and rear sections of the rotor iron cores are overlapped, and the rotor iron cores are arranged on an output shaft of the motor and synchronously rotate with the output shaft of the motor.
The single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor provided by the invention has the advantages that the salient pole parts corresponding to the front and rear rotor cores are free of permanent magnets.
The lengths of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core are equal, the total length of the rotor core is equal to that of the stator core, the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the rotor core correspond to the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the stator core respectively, and the permanent magnet embedded at the corresponding salient pole part in the middle section rotor core is correspondingly matched with the middle section stator core.
The invention relates to a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor, which is characterized in that non-magnetizers are respectively embedded among a front section stator core, a middle section stator core and a rear section stator core.
The electromagnetic windings are arranged on the salient poles of each section of stator core, the winding direction of the electromagnetic windings arranged on any adjacent salient pole is opposite, and the electromagnetic windings arranged on each salient pole are connected in a head-to-tail connection mode.
The control system of the single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor is provided with a polarity detection circuit, a position detection circuit and an energy recovery circuit.
The invention relates to a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor, wherein two outgoing lines of stator electromagnetic windings on a front section stator core and a rear section stator core are respectively connected in a head-tail connection mode, the head of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core, the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the rear section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core are respectively connected with a direction control circuit arranged by a control system, and the direction control circuit arranged by the control system can change the connection direction of the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core which are connected together, so that the running direction of the motor can be changed.
A control method of a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor is characterized in that: the control system can adopt a constant power control mode or a constant torque control mode to drive the motor to rotate.
The invention relates to a control method of a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor, wherein the constant power control mode is that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, a power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by a position detection circuit, a stator electromagnetic winding is powered on to drive a rotor to rotate, when the unstable position is reached, the power driving circuit is closed, the rotor continues to rotate under the combined action of magnetic force and follow current which are special for the motor until the next stable position is reached, when the next stable position is reached, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered on to drive the rotor to continue rotating, and the rest is the same.
The control method of the single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor comprises the steps that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, a power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by a position detection circuit, a stator electromagnetic winding is powered on to drive a rotor to rotate, when the position of the position control signal given by the position detection circuit is reached, namely, the next stable position, the power driving circuit is closed, the stator electromagnetic winding fast freewheels, when the next stable position is reached, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered on to drive the rotor to continue rotating, and the rest is the same.
The invention eliminates the inherent torque pulsation of the conventional switch reluctance motor on the basis of maintaining the special advantages of the conventional switch reluctance motor, and simultaneously greatly improves the power density of the motor and the conversion efficiency of the input energy of the power supply due to the use of the permanent magnet material, thereby effectively realizing the aim of energy conservation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes the inertial work of the permanent magnet, and compared with the conventional three-phase switch reluctance motor, the single-phase permanent magnet switch reluctance motor with the input energy capable of being repeatedly utilized can improve the power density of the motor by 3-5 times under the condition of the same motor volume and the same electromagnetic parameter, and eliminates the defects of large torque pulsation and large noise inherent in the conventional switch reluctance motor, and retains all the advantages of the conventional switch reluctance motor.
2. The invention can realize the bidirectional operation or the unidirectional operation of the single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor.
3. The control scheme adopted by the invention uses an energy storage (conversion) circuit, so that the energy input by the power supply can be recycled, and the input of the power supply can be reduced under the condition of keeping the same motor characteristics, thereby obtaining good energy-saving effect.
4. The motor has the advantages of simple structure, convenient design and calculation, and convenient modeling and simulation.
5. The control loop has simple structure, convenient design and convenient control programming, and the control mode can be applied to motors with various powers and can meet the requirements of various speed regulation controls.
6. Compared with a conventional permanent magnet motor, the motor provided by the invention can reduce the consumption of an iron core, coil copper wires and permanent magnets under the condition of the same output power, and has a larger cost advantage.
7. The motor has the advantages of compact structure, light weight and convenient power expansion, thereby having good power density and torque density.
8. The motor and the control method thereof can lead the efficiency of the motor to be higher and have better energy-saving effect.
9. The motor has the excellent characteristics of low temperature rise, no pulsation, low noise and higher reliability.
10. The motor can flexibly select various different control schemes according to the condition of the load so as to meet different requirements of constant torque load or constant power load and obtain the optimal control effect.
11. The motor can meet the requirement of high-power load, and overcomes the condition that the traditional single-phase motor can only be applied to low-power load.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the front and rear stator and rotor of the present invention in corresponding engagement.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention with the middle section stator and rotor correspondingly mated.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the expanded structure of the stator and rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the general structure of the stator and rotor and the distribution of the winding magnetic field in the middle section of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the general structure of the stator and rotor and the winding magnetic field distribution of the front and rear stator and rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power driving circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a directional control circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a circuit during single tube freewheel in constant-power control mode of the present invention
FIG. 9 is a circuit waveform diagram of the present invention during fast freewheel in constant-power control mode
FIG. 10 is a circuit waveform diagram in the constant torque control mode of the present invention
The marks in the figure: 1 is a stator, 2 is a rotor, 3 is a permanent magnet, 4 is a stator electromagnetic winding, 5 is an energy storage circuit, C is an energy storage capacitor, L is a stator winding, D is a damping tube, K1 and K2 are normally closed contacts of a relay, and K3 and K4 are normally open contacts of the relay.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor capable of running bidirectionally comprises a stator 1, a rotor 2, a motor output shaft and a control system, wherein an air gap is arranged between salient poles of the stator 1 and the rotor 2, the stator adopts a three-section radial magnetic field design, a rotor core adopts a single-section salient pole core structure, the corresponding relation between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 is an inner rotor structure or an outer rotor structure, and a polarity detection circuit, a position detection circuit and an energy recovery circuit are arranged in the control system so as to meet the requirements of starting and running control of the motor, namely, the initial position and the running process of the rotor are judged through the polarity detection circuit and the position detection circuit.
As shown in fig. 6, the control system adopts H-bridge control, in which isolation diodes D5 and D6, freewheeling diodes D1 to D4, two groups of bridge arms Q1 and Q4 and Q3 and Q2, and a tank circuit 5, which in this embodiment is formed by a tank capacitor C, are provided.
As shown in fig. 7, the control system is further provided with a directional control circuit, which in this embodiment is formed by a relay, and the connection form of the middle electromagnetic winding and the front and rear electromagnetic windings can be changed by controlling the on and off of the relay, so as to meet the requirements of motor operation control.
In this embodiment, the rotor 2 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the motor output shaft, the stator 1 is formed by a front section stator core, a middle section stator core and a rear section stator core, and is arranged on the inner side of the motor shell according to the center, the number of concave salient poles and the widths of concave salient poles in the three sections of stator cores are equal, the number of concave salient poles is even, the lengths of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core are equal, gaps are reserved among the three sections of stator cores, non-magnetizers are respectively embedded among the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core, the salient pole positions in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core keep consistent, namely the central lines of salient poles in the two sections of stator cores are on the same straight line, the central lines of the salient pole positions in the middle section stator core are coincident with the central lines of concave poles in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core, the stator core and the rear section stator core are all provided with stator electromagnetic windings 4, the electromagnetic windings are arranged on the salient poles in the front section stator core, the salient poles and the salient poles are arranged on the adjacent sections, and the electromagnetic windings are arranged in opposite directions; the two outgoing lines of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are respectively connected in a head-tail connection mode, the head of the front section iron core electromagnetic winding and the tail of the rear section iron core electromagnetic winding form two output ends of the whole electromagnetic winding, namely, the two outgoing lines of each stator electromagnetic winding are respectively connected with the adjacent stator electromagnetic windings in a head-tail connection mode, a plurality of stator electromagnetic windings arranged at salient pole positions of the stator can be connected in series or in parallel or can be combined in series and in parallel, the head of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core, the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the rear section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core are respectively connected with a direction control circuit arranged by a control system, and the direction control circuit arranged by the control system can change the connection direction of the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core which are connected together, so that the running direction of the motor can be changed.
The rotor 2 is composed of a rotor core and permanent magnets 3, the total length of the rotor core is equal to that of the stator core, the number of salient poles of the rotor core is equal to that of any section of stator core, the salient pole width on the stator core is smaller than that of the rotor core, the rotor core is divided into three sections of front section, middle section and rear section, the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the rotor core respectively correspond to the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the stator core, the permanent magnets 3 are embedded in the middle section of the rotor core, the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnets 3 is radial, the salient pole positions corresponding to the front section and the rear section of the rotor core are free of permanent magnets, the polarities of the permanent magnets 3 embedded in the adjacent salient poles in the middle section of the rotor core are different, the polarities of the middle section of the rotor core are different from the polarities of the corresponding front section and rear section of the rotor core, the central lines of the front section, the middle section of the rotor core and the rear section of the rotor core are overlapped, and the rotor core is mounted on an output shaft of the motor and rotates synchronously with the output shaft of the motor. As shown in fig. 3, when the magnetic field generated by the current in the stator electromagnetic winding is of the polarity as shown, the motor is rotated in the counterclockwise direction of operation.
The motor adopting the structure has the advantages that the magnetic circuit is short, and the iron cores of each section are associated with no magnetism, so that the motor can not interfere with each other, and can effectively eliminate the pulsation and noise of the torque, so that the motor has essential difference with the conventional single-phase reluctance motor; the permanent magnets are arranged on the rotor and interact with the electromagnetic field generated by the stator iron core, so that the strong magnetic effect of the permanent magnets is fully exerted, and the mechanical power device generates better energy-saving effect by utilizing the direct interaction between the natural magnetic energy and the working magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic driving unit, thereby reducing the consumption of electric power and contributing to energy conservation and emission reduction.
In this embodiment, the control system may use a constant power control mode or a constant torque control mode to drive the motor to rotate.
The constant power control mode is that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, the power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by the position detection circuit, the stator electromagnetic winding is powered, the rotor is driven to rotate, when the motor reaches the unstable position, the power driving circuit is turned off, the rotor continues to rotate under the combined action of the magnetic power peculiar to the motor and the follow current until the motor reaches the next stable position, when the motor reaches the next stable position, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered, the rotor is driven to continue to rotate, and the like.
The constant torque control mode is that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, the power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by the position detection circuit, the stator electromagnetic winding is powered, the rotor is driven to rotate, when the position where the position control signal given by the position detection circuit is located is reached, namely the next stable position, the power driving circuit is closed, the stator electromagnetic winding fast freewheels, when the next stable position is reached, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered, the rotor is driven to continue to rotate, and the rest is the same.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: conditions are assumed: the stable position shown in fig. 4 is the initial 0 ° position, the other stable position of the motor is the 60 ° position, and the intermediate position of the two stable positions is the non-stable position.
Fig. 6 shows a drive control circuit of a single-phase permanent magnet reluctance motor, which is an H-bridge circuit. The head and tail of the stator winding are respectively connected with the U, V end of the circuit, and when the Q1 and the Q4 are conducted, the magnetic fields generated by the stator winding are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and when the Q3 and the Q2 are conducted, the magnetic fields generated by the stator winding only need to change the N, S polarity of the stator salient pole. A polarity detection circuit is arranged at the initial 0 DEG position and is used for detecting the polarity of the rotor at the initial time and determining the conduction direction of the bridge circuit, namely, Q1 and Q4 are conducted or Q3 and Q2 are conducted. And position detection is arranged at the position of 0 degree and is used for detecting signals of each stable position and each unstable position, the position of the motor rotor can be determined according to the detection signals given by the position detection circuit, and the two bridge walls can finish rotation work according to the signals.
In fig. 6, 5 is an energy recovery circuit, the energy recovery circuit is formed by a capacitor C, D5 and D6 are isolation diodes for isolating the energy recovery circuit from the power supply circuit, wherein D5 can prevent the energy stored in the energy recovery circuit from being fed back to the power supply, and D6 can prevent the current of the power supply from being fed into the energy recovery circuit. When any bridge arm is conducted, the energy stored in the capacitor C works together with a power supply, so that the pre-stored energy can be reused. D1-D4 in the circuit form a follow current loop of the motor winding, and when any bridge arm is turned off, energy in the motor winding is stored on a capacitor C of the energy recovery loop.
(1) Constant power control mode:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the initial position 0 °, the bridge arms Q1 and Q4 are turned on according to the signal of the polarity detection circuit, and in the interval of 0 ° to 30 °, the conduction is maintained until the center line of the rotor salient pole rotates by 30 ° (i.e., the unstable position), when the detection circuit detects the rising edge of the first photoelectric signal, there are two freewheel modes:
one is a fast freewheel mode, i.e. Q1, Q4 are turned off simultaneously, the energy stored in the inductor L forms a freewheel loop through the point v→d3→the upper end of the capacitor c→the lower end of the capacitor c→d2→the U, the energy is rapidly transferred into the capacitor C, and in the interval 30 ° to 60 ° thereafter, the energy reaches the stable position at 60 ° from the unstable position by only the inertial movement of the permanent magnet. The circuit waveforms are shown in fig. 9. When the detection circuit detects the rising edge of the second photoelectric signal, Q3 and Q2 are conducted, and the control process is similar to that in the following 60-120-degree interval, and is not repeated.
The other is a single-tube follow current mode, at this time, the upper tube Q1 is turned off, the lower tube Q4 is kept on, the energy stored in the inductor L forms a self-follow current loop through the V point, the lower tube Q4, the D2 and the U point, so that the energy stored in the inductor L is gradually consumed, and in a section of 30-60 degrees later, the energy of the gradually attenuated magnetic field and the inertial motion of the permanent magnet act together to reach a stable position at 60 degrees from an unstable position. The circuit waveforms are shown in fig. 8. When the detection circuit detects the falling edge of the second photoelectric signal, the lower tube Q4 is closed, and when the detection circuit detects the rising edge of the second photoelectric signal, the other bridge arms Q3 and Q2 are conducted, and the control process is similar to that of the following interval of 60-120 degrees, and is not repeated.
(2) Constant torque control mode:
in this mode, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the initial position 0 °, the bridge arms Q1 and Q4 are turned on according to the signal of the polarity detection circuit, in the interval of 0 ° to 60 °, the conduction is maintained until the center line of the rotor salient pole passes through the position of 60 ° (i.e., another stable position), when the detection circuit detects the falling edge of the second photoelectric signal, Q1 and Q4 are simultaneously turned off, the energy stored in the inductor L forms a freewheel loop through the point v→d3→the upper end of the capacitor c→the lower end of the capacitor c→d2→u, so that the energy is rapidly transferred into the capacitor C, and when the detection circuit detects the rising edge of the second photoelectric signal, the other bridge arm Q3 and Q2 are turned on, and thereafter, in the interval of 60 ° to 120 °, the control process is similar, and will not be repeated. The circuit waveforms are shown in fig. 10.
Therefore, in the working process of the single-phase reversible permanent magnet reluctance motor capable of running bidirectionally, the energy consumed by the motor can be reduced under the same condition due to the inertia effect generated by the permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic unit which simultaneously works is doubled compared with the conventional switched reluctance motor due to the single-phase working mode, so that the power density of the motor is at least doubled in the same structure, and the inherent torque pulsation of the conventional switched reluctance motor can be eliminated due to the dead zone of the conventional switched reluctance motor, and the noise of the motor is greatly reduced. In addition, during the operation of the motor in the constant torque mode, both sets of electromagnetic windings operate in a push-pull state, so that a smooth torque can be obtained.
The invention realizes the structural design innovation of the switch reluctance motor, retains all the advantages of the conventional switch reluctance motor, effectively eliminates the torque pulsation and noise of the switch reluctance motor by adding the permanent magnet on the rotor of the conventional switch reluctance motor, improves the power density by 3 times, reduces the use amount of 50% of the permanent magnet compared with a variable frequency motor, reduces the copper consumption of a motor winding, ensures higher motor efficiency and has better energy-saving effect; the control system of the motor is innovatively developed aiming at the special structure of the single-phase reversible permanent magnet reluctance motor, so that the motor has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance, convenient design and convenient control programming, and the control scheme can be applied to motors with various powers and can meet the requirements of various speed regulation controls; the invention adopts a brand new control scheme, creatively uses the energy conversion unit, and can recycle the energy input by the power supply, so that the input of the power supply can be reduced under the condition of keeping the same motor characteristics, and a good energy-saving effect is obtained; the single-phase reversible permanent magnet reluctance motor does not have magnetic field correlation among windings of each phase of the conventional motor, so that negative torque is not generated when working outwards, the energy input by the windings can be completely converted, the conversion rate is close to 1, and the energy conversion rate of the conventional motor can only reach about 0.5.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a single-phase permanent magnet type switch reluctance motor capable of unidirectional operation comprises a stator 1, a rotor 2, a motor output shaft and a control system, wherein an air gap is arranged between salient poles of the stator 1 and the rotor 2, the stator adopts a three-section radial magnetic field design, a rotor core adopts a single-section salient pole core structure, the corresponding relation between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 is an inner rotor structure or an outer rotor structure, and a polarity detection circuit, a position detection circuit and an energy recovery circuit are arranged in the control system so as to meet the requirements of starting and operation control of the motor, namely, the initial position and the operation process of the rotor are judged through the polarity detection circuit and the position detection circuit.
As shown in fig. 6, the control system adopts H-bridge control, in which isolation diodes D5 and D6, freewheeling diodes D1 to D4, two groups of bridge arms Q1 and Q4 and Q3 and Q2, and a tank circuit 5, which in this embodiment is formed by a tank capacitor C, are provided.
In this embodiment, the rotor 2 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the motor output shaft, the stator 1 is composed of a front section stator core, a middle section stator core and a rear section stator core, and is arranged on the inner side of the motor shell according to the center, the number of concave salient poles and the width of concave salient poles are equal, the number of concave salient poles and the number of salient poles are even, as the optimal structural design, the lengths of the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are equal, the length of the middle section stator core is twice the length of the front section stator core and the rear section stator core, gaps are reserved among the three section stator cores, and non-magnetizers are respectively embedded among the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core, the salient pole positions in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are kept consistent, namely the central lines of salient poles in the two sections of stator cores are on the same straight line, the central line of the salient pole position in the middle section stator core is overlapped with the central lines of concave poles in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core, stator electromagnetic windings 4 are arranged at the salient pole positions of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core, the electromagnetic windings arranged on the salient poles of each section of stator core meet the requirement of the electromagnetic windings arranged on any adjacent salient poles, and the winding directions of the electromagnetic windings are opposite; the two outgoing lines of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are respectively connected in a head-tail connection mode, the head of the front section iron core electromagnetic winding and the tail of the rear section iron core electromagnetic winding form two output ends of the whole electromagnetic winding, namely the two outgoing lines of each stator electromagnetic winding are respectively connected with the adjacent stator electromagnetic windings in a head-tail connection mode, and a plurality of stator electromagnetic windings arranged at salient pole positions of the stator can be connected in series, in parallel or in series-parallel.
The rotor 2 is composed of rotor iron cores and permanent magnets 3, the length of each rotor iron core is equal to the installation length of each three-section stator iron core, the number of salient poles of each rotor iron core is equal to that of any one section stator iron core, the salient pole width on each stator iron core is smaller than that of each rotor iron core, the permanent magnets 3 are embedded in corresponding salient pole positions of the rotor 2, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets 3 are radial, the polarities of the permanent magnets 3 embedded in adjacent salient poles in each section of rotor iron core are different, and the rotor iron cores are installed on an output shaft of the motor and synchronously rotate with the output shaft of the motor. As shown in fig. 3, when the magnetic field generated by the current in the stator electromagnetic winding is of the polarity as shown, the motor is rotated in the counterclockwise direction of operation.
The other steps are substantially the same as those of example 1.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor, includes stator (1), rotor (2), motor output shaft and control system, be the air gap between the salient pole of stator (1) and rotor (2), the corresponding relation of stator (1) and rotor (2) is inner rotor structure or is outer rotor structure, rotor (2) are fixed cup joints at motor output shaft periphery, its characterized in that: the stator (1) is composed of a front section stator core, a middle section stator core and a rear section stator core, the number of concave salient poles and the width of concave salient poles of the three sections stator core are equal, the number of concave salient poles and the number of salient poles are even, gaps are reserved among the three sections stator cores, salient pole positions in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are kept consistent, namely the central lines of salient poles in the two sections stator core are on the same straight line, the central lines of the salient pole positions in the middle section stator core are overlapped with the central lines of concave poles in the front section stator core and the rear section stator core, and stator electromagnetic windings (4) are arranged at the salient pole positions of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core; the rotor (2) is composed of rotor iron cores and permanent magnets (3), the number of salient poles of the rotor iron cores is equal to that of salient poles of any section of stator iron core, the salient pole width on the stator iron cores is smaller than that of the rotor iron cores, the rotor iron cores are divided into front, middle and rear sections, the permanent magnets (3) are embedded in the middle sections of the rotor iron cores corresponding to salient pole positions, the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets (3) are radial, the polarities of the permanent magnets (3) embedded in adjacent salient poles in the middle sections of the rotor iron cores are different, the polarities of the middle sections of the rotor iron cores are different from those of the corresponding front and rear sections of the rotor iron cores, the central lines of the salient poles of the front, middle and rear sections of the rotor iron cores are overlapped, and the rotor iron cores are arranged on an output shaft of a motor and synchronously rotate with the output shaft of the motor.
2. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: permanent magnets (3) are not arranged at the salient pole positions corresponding to the front rotor core and the rear rotor core.
3. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: the lengths of the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core are equal, the total length of the rotor core is equal to that of the stator core, the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the rotor core correspond to the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the stator core respectively, and the permanent magnet (3) embedded at the corresponding salient pole part in the middle section rotor core is correspondingly matched with the middle section stator core.
4. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: non-magnetizers are respectively embedded among the front section stator core, the middle section stator core and the rear section stator core.
5. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: electromagnetic windings are arranged on salient poles of each section of stator core, the winding direction of the electromagnetic windings arranged on any adjacent salient pole is opposite, and the electromagnetic windings arranged on each salient pole are connected in a head-to-tail connection mode.
6. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein: the control system is provided with a polarity detection circuit, a position detection circuit and an energy recovery circuit.
7. The single-phase permanent magnet switched reluctance motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the two outgoing lines of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core are respectively connected in a head-tail connection mode, the head of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core, the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the rear section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core are respectively connected with a direction control circuit arranged by a control system, and the direction control circuit arranged by the control system can change the connection direction of the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the middle section stator core and the head and the tail of the stator electromagnetic windings on the front section stator core and the rear section stator core which are connected together, so that the running direction of a motor can be changed.
8. A control method of a single-phase permanent magnet type switched reluctance motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by: the control system can adopt a constant power control mode or a constant torque control mode to drive the motor to rotate.
9. The control method of a single-phase permanent magnet type switched reluctance motor according to claim 8, wherein: the constant power control mode is that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, the power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by the position detection circuit, the stator electromagnetic winding is powered, the rotor is driven to rotate, when the motor reaches the unstable position, the power driving circuit is turned off, the rotor continues to rotate under the combined action of the magnetic power peculiar to the motor and the follow current until the motor reaches the next stable position, when the motor reaches the next stable position, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered, the rotor is driven to continue to rotate, and the rest is the same.
10. The control method of a single-phase permanent magnet type switched reluctance motor according to claim 8, wherein: the constant torque control mode is that in the process that the motor moves from a certain stable position to a next stable position through an unstable position, the power driving circuit is conducted at a starting position according to a position control signal given by the position detection circuit, the stator electromagnetic winding is powered, the rotor is driven to rotate, when the position where the position control signal given by the position detection circuit is located is reached, namely the next stable position, the power driving circuit is closed, the stator electromagnetic winding fast freewheels, when the next stable position is reached, the power driving circuit changes the conducting direction, the stator electromagnetic winding is reversely powered, the rotor is driven to continue to rotate, and the rest is the same.
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| CN109787385A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-21 | 长沙硕博电子科技股份有限公司 | Three-phase permanent switched reluctance machines |
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