CN106967288A - 一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106967288A
CN106967288A CN201611207693.7A CN201611207693A CN106967288A CN 106967288 A CN106967288 A CN 106967288A CN 201611207693 A CN201611207693 A CN 201611207693A CN 106967288 A CN106967288 A CN 106967288A
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赵正平
胡佳捷
周泽平
钟明强
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法。它将六氯环三磷腈和4,4'‑(六氟异丙叉)双酚溶于四氢呋喃溶剂中,逐滴滴加三乙胺进行恒温亲核取代反应,反应液经后处理得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,纳米管加入聚丙二醇中并搅拌分散均匀,加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和催化剂进行反应,再加入2,2‑二羟甲基丙酸反应,反应结束后将反应体系降至室温,加入三乙胺中和,恒温搅拌得到聚氨酯预聚体,将聚氨酯预聚体分散于去离子水中,搅拌得到水性聚氨酯乳液并浇于拉伸样条模具中自然固化脱模,得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料。本发明通过一步反应得复合材料,其制备方法简单、收率高,得到的含氟聚磷腈纳米管表面具有大量活性羟基基团。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯(WPU)是分子链上引入亲水集团后,能够稳定地溶解或分散在水中的一类聚合物。WPU可以分为两个阶段合成。首先是预逐步聚合,即由低聚物二元醇、二异氰酸酯、亲水性单体和扩链剂逐步聚合为相对分子质量较大的水性聚氨酯预聚体;其次中和,以及后预聚体在水中的分散。通过该方法合成的水性聚氨酯有机挥发物低,相对比较环保,通过近几年的研究,也得到了广泛的应用,比如说胶粘剂、表面处理剂、织物涂层、涂料与整理剂。
水性聚氨酯在合成与使用过程中不存在挥发性有机物(VOC),避免对环境造成污染,符合发展绿色工业资源、能源、无污染的三个前提和四E原则。其无毒、不燃、VOC值低、软段硬段可调节。由于水性聚氨酯热稳定性低,力学性能差,不耐磨等特点限制了水性聚氨酯产业的发展。为拓展其应用,制备高性能水性聚氨酯复合材料,需要对其进行改性研究。
已报道的纳米材料填充改性剂有纳米碳酸钙、纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅、碳纳米管、有机蒙脱土等。但在物理填充改性过程中,容易发生纳米粒子的团聚,从而导致填料分散不均和与基体树脂界面相容性差,进而引发复合材料综合性能显著下降的弊端。此外,由于大多无机纳米粒子表面无活性点,填充改性前必须对其进行表面处理,而这一过程需要经过复杂的多步化学反应,给生产工艺带来不便。复杂的修饰过程也会对纳米粒子的结构和形貌产生破坏,使其丧失部分功能性。因此,采用化学原位聚合方法,将纳米粒子通过化学键引入水性聚氨酯中,可以避免物理填充不足,显著增强水性聚氨酯复合材料综合性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明目的是提供一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,加入设计制备的含氟聚磷腈纳米管改性的水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备工艺,制备得到的水性聚氨酯复合材料具有优异的热稳定性、拉伸性能和摩擦磨损性能。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将六氯环三磷腈和4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚溶于四氢呋喃溶剂中,在超声作用下至原料完全溶解,并逐滴滴加三乙胺进行恒温亲核取代反应,反应结束后,用去离子水和乙醇分别清洗并离心分离,真空干燥得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管;
2)在氮气保护下,将步骤1)得到的含氟聚磷腈纳米管加入聚丙二醇中并搅拌分散均匀,反应体系氛围充氮气保护,加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和催化剂,在95-100℃下反应1.8-2.2h后,再加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸继续反应2.5-3.5 h,反应结束后将反应体系温度降到25-30℃,加入三乙胺中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌得到聚氨酯预聚体,将聚氨酯预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,继续搅拌得到水性聚氨酯乳液,将水性聚氨酯乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的六氯环三磷腈、4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚与三乙胺的投料摩尔比为1:2.5-3.5:5-8,优选为1:3:6。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的六氯环三磷腈质量与四氢呋喃的体积比为1:0.2-0.8,其单位为g/L。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的恒温亲核取代反应的温度为0-5℃,优选为0℃,反应时间为10-15小时,优选为12小时。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的离心机转速为3500-4500 r/min,优选为4000 r/min。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的聚丙二醇分子量为1000~10000。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中所述的聚丙二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、三乙胺在反应前均经过真空脱水。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的聚氨酯预聚体在高速搅拌的转速为1800-2200 r/min。
本发明的含氟聚磷腈纳米管合成路线如下:
通过采用上述技术,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1)本发明通过一步反应可得含氟聚磷腈纳米管,其制备方法简单、收率高,得到的含氟聚磷腈纳米管表面具有大量活性羟基基团;
2)本发明将得到的含氟聚磷腈纳米管采用化学原位聚合方法,将其反应添加到水性聚氨酯基体中,成功制备的水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料,具有优异的热稳定性、拉伸性能和摩擦磨损性能,填充含氟聚磷腈纳米管的水性聚氨酯复合材料热稳定性较空白样条好,随着样条中混入的纳米管量的增加,样条的热稳定性能随之提升;
3)在聚合过程中,含氟聚磷腈纳米管和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)之间发生化学反应,生成共价键链接,起到一种交联剂的作用,因此,显著提高样条热稳定性能,填充质量百分含量为2.0 wt.%时,聚磷腈纳米管在水性聚氨酯基体中分散均匀,复合材料材料的拉伸强度提高到2.98 MPa,断裂伸长率提高到744.93%,因此,含氟聚磷腈纳米管能提高水性聚氨酯的减摩耐磨特性,聚磷腈纳米管含量为1.0 wt.%的样品摩擦系数为1.1836,磨损量为0.0087g,聚磷腈纳米管均匀分散在水性聚氨酯基体中,纳米管本身起到“滚轴”的自润滑作用,同时纳米管中P、N、F元素的存在,可以在摩擦副表面形成化学转移膜,起到综合减摩耐磨作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的含氟聚磷腈纳米管FTIR谱图,图中的a、b、c、d、e、f分别代表峰位置;
图2为实施例1制备的含氟聚磷腈纳米管EDS谱图;
图3a为实施例1制备的含氟聚磷腈纳米管的2μmSEM照片;
图3b为实施例1制备的含氟聚磷腈纳米管的200nmSEM照片。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。以下实施例中的步骤一均以图1为合成路线进行具体说明。
实施例1:
步骤一:在50W超声条件下,在盛有50mL四氢呋喃的单口烧瓶中,加入0.1 g的六氯环三磷腈和0.26 g的4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚,超声15分钟之后,加入0.24 mL 三乙胺,在0℃下反应12小时,通过去离子水和乙醇分别清洗3次,4000 r/min转速离心,40℃真空干燥24h,得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,产率为82%;
步骤二:将30g PPG-2000置于三颈烧瓶中,充氮气保护,在100℃的油浴锅内连续搅拌0.5小时,加入11.67 g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和5滴二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,在95℃下反应2小时,将事先真空干燥的2.01 g 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)加入三颈烧瓶内,继续反应3小时。将体系温度降到30℃,加入三乙胺(TEA)中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌0.5 h得到PU预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,搅拌2 h,得到WPU乳液。将乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料;
实施例2:
步骤一:在50 W超声条件下,在盛有100 mL四氢呋喃的单口烧瓶中,加入0.2g的六氯环三磷腈和0.58 g的4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚,超声15分钟之后,加入0.48 mL 三乙胺,在0℃下反应12小时,通过去离子水和乙醇分别清洗3次,4000 r/min转速离心,40℃真空干燥24h,得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,产率为85%;
步骤二:将30 gPPG-2000置于三颈烧瓶中,同时加0.2552 g(0.5wt.%)含氟聚磷腈纳米管,充氮气保护。在100℃的油浴锅内连续搅拌0.5小时,加入11.67 g IPDI和5滴二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,在95℃下反应2小时。将事先真空干燥的2.01 g DMPA加入三颈烧瓶内,继续反应3小时。将体系温度降到30℃,加入TEA中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌0.5 h得到PU预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,搅拌2 h,得到WPU乳液。将乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料;
实施例3:
步骤一:在50W超声条件下,在盛有200mL四氢呋喃的单口烧瓶中,加入0.4g的六氯环三磷腈和1.16g的4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚,超声15分钟之后,加入0.96mL 三乙胺,在0℃下反应12小时,通过去离子水和乙醇分别清洗3次,4000r/min转速离心,40℃真空干燥24h,得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,产率为85%;
步骤二:将30 gPPG-2000置于三颈烧瓶中,同时加入0.5104 g(1.0wt.% )含氟聚磷腈纳米管,充氮气保护。在100℃的油浴锅内连续搅拌0.5小时,加入11.67 g IPDI和5滴二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,在95℃下反应2小时。将事先真空干燥的2.01 g DMPA加入三颈烧瓶内,继续反应3小时。将体系温度降到30℃,加入TEA中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌0.5h得到PU预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,搅拌2h,得到WPU乳液。将乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料;
实施例4:
步骤一:在50 W超声条件下,在盛有400 mL四氢呋喃的单口烧瓶中,加入0.8 g的六氯环三磷腈和2.32 g的4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚,超声15分钟之后,加入1.92 mL 三乙胺,在0℃下反应12小时,通过去离子水和乙醇分别清洗3次,4000 r/min转速离心,40℃真空干燥24 h,得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,产率为85%;
步骤二:将30 g PPG-2000置于三颈烧瓶中,同时加入1.0209 g(2.0wt.%)含氟聚磷腈纳米管,充氮气保护。在100℃的油浴锅内连续搅拌0.5小时,加入11.67 g IPDI和5滴二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,在95℃下反应2小时。将事先真空干燥的2.01 g DMPA加入三颈烧瓶内,继续反应3小时。将体系温度降到30℃,加入TEA中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌0.5 h得到PU预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,搅拌2h,得到WPU乳液。将乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模。,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料。
实施例5:
步骤一:在50 W超声条件下,在盛有500 mL四氢呋喃的单口烧瓶中,加入1.0 g的六氯环三磷腈和2.9 g的4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚,超声15分钟之后,加入2.4 mL 三乙胺,在0℃下反应12小时,通过去离子水和乙醇分别清洗3次,4000 r/min转速离心,40℃真空干燥24h,得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管,产率为85%;
步骤二:将30 g PPG-2000置于三颈烧瓶中,同时加入2.0418 g(4.0wt.%)含氟聚磷腈纳米管,充氮气保护。在100℃的油浴锅内连续搅拌0.5小时,加入11.67 g IPDI和5滴二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,在95℃下反应2小时。将事先真空干燥的2.01 g DMPA加入三颈烧瓶内,继续反应3小时。将体系温度降到30℃,加入TEA中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌0.5 h得到PU预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,搅拌2 h,得到WPU乳液。将乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料;
实施例的试验效果:
通过傅里叶变换红外光谱测试、元素分析、扫描电子显微镜测试、热重测试、拉伸测试和摩擦磨损测试对本发明的含氟聚磷腈纳米管和水性聚氨酯复合材料进行了表征,测试结果请参见图1、图2、图3a和图3b。
通过傅里叶红外变换红外光谱仪对聚磷腈纳米管的结构进行了表征,测试结果曲线如图2所示,波数在1608 cm-1(a)和1511 cm-1(b)处的吸收峰是双酚AF中的苯环的特征峰,波数在1209 cm-1(c)和1174 cm-1(d)处的吸收峰是-CF3的特征峰,波数在880 cm-1(f)处的吸收峰是六氯环三磷腈的P-N的特征峰,据此可以判断聚磷腈纳米管中含有双酚AF和六氯环三磷腈的结构;同时(e)处波数为940 cm-1的吸收峰是P-O-(Ph)特征峰。
图3a和图3b表示的为含氟聚磷腈纳米管SEM图,根据谱图及其报告可知,纳米管中富含大量的氟和氧元素,两者均来自双酚AF,而且O跟F的比值大概为1:3,也进一步的证明,双酚AF确实是跟HCCP反应,跟红外的结果是对应的;该分析结果也支持了纳米管中含有HCCP的结构。
图3a和图3b表示的是含氟聚磷腈纳米管SEM图片,从图中可以看出含氟聚磷腈纳米管管径50-60 nm,长度在5μm左右。
实施例1-5所得的水性聚氨酯复合材料的热重测试(利用美国TA公司Q5000IR型热分析仪进行分析。测试范围为室温至800℃,升温速度为10℃/min,氮气气氛)结果如下:
表1水性聚氨酯复合材料热失重
制备的水性聚氨酯/聚磷腈纳米管复合材料热重分析的结果表1所示。其中Ton表示初始解温度,T5%表示降解5%时的温度,T50%表示降解一半时的温度。随着含氟聚磷腈纳米管含量的增加,初始分解温度、5%分解温度、50%分解温度有一定量的提升,热稳定性有所提高。这是由于聚磷腈纳米管的热稳定性比较好,随着样条中混入的纳米管的量的增加,样条的热稳定性能随之提升,而且在聚合过程中,纳米管和水性聚氨酯之间发生了化学反应,生成了共价键提高样条热稳定性能。
实施例1-5所得的水性聚氨酯复合材料的拉伸测试(利用美国instron5966型高低温双立柱试验机进行测试。事先将样条拉伸部分宽度和厚度填入,拉伸速度为50 mm/min。)结果如下:
表2水性聚氨酯复合材料拉伸性能
由表2可知,复合材料样条的拉伸强度均随着纳米管含量增加而上升,到达含量为2.0wt.%的实施例4时,最大拉伸强度为2.98 MPa之后,拉伸强度随着含量继续上升而下降。复合材料样条的断裂伸长率均随着纳米管含量增加而上升,到达含量为2.0 wt.% 的实施例4时,最大断裂伸长率为744.93%之后,断裂伸长率随着含量继续上升而下降。纳米管的质量分数比较小时,纳米管是可以比较均匀的分散到水性聚氨酯的体系当中的,可以提高水性聚氨酯的力学性能;随着体系中的纳米管含量过多,纳米管容易团聚在一起,会降低水性聚氨酯的力学性能。
实施例1-5所得的水性聚氨酯复合材料的摩擦磨损测试(准备长30 mm,宽10 mm,厚3 mm的小样,在载荷10 N、转速200 r/min、试验周期10 min的干摩擦条件下进行测试。)结果如下:
表3水性聚氨酯复合材料摩擦系数、磨损量
由表3可知,水性聚氨酯复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量相比较于空白样均有所下降,也即聚磷腈纳米管改性对水性聚氨酯的摩擦磨损性能提高。纳米管含量为2.0 wt.%的的实施例4样品最耐磨,聚磷腈纳米管均匀分散在水性聚氨酯基体中,纳米管起到自润滑作用,同时纳米管中P、N、F元素的存在,可以在摩擦副表面形成化学转移膜,起到综合减摩耐磨作用。

Claims (9)

1.一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将六氯环三磷腈和4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚溶于四氢呋喃溶剂中,在超声作用下至原料完全溶解,并逐滴滴加三乙胺进行恒温亲核取代反应,反应结束后,用去离子水和乙醇分别清洗并离心分离,真空干燥得到含氟聚磷腈纳米管;
2)在氮气保护下,将步骤1)得到的含氟聚磷腈纳米管加入聚丙二醇中并搅拌分散均匀,反应体系氛围充氮气保护,加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和催化剂,在95-100℃下反应1.8-2.2h后,再加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸继续反应2.5-3.5 h,反应结束后将反应体系温度降到25-30℃,加入三乙胺中和至pH值为7,恒温搅拌得到聚氨酯预聚体,将聚氨酯预聚体在高速搅拌下分散于去离子水中,继续搅拌得到水性聚氨酯乳液,将水性聚氨酯乳液浇于拉伸样条模具中,在自然条件下固化脱模,即得水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的六氯环三磷腈、4,4'-(六氟异丙叉)双酚与三乙胺的投料摩尔比为1:2.5-3.5:5-8,优选为1:3:6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的六氯环三磷腈质量与四氢呋喃的体积比为1:0.2-0.8,其单位为g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的恒温亲核取代反应的温度为0-5℃,优选为0℃,反应时间为10-15小时,优选为12小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的离心机转速为3500-4500 r/min,优选为4000 r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的聚丙二醇分子量为1000~10000。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中所述的聚丙二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、三乙胺在反应前均经过真空脱水。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性聚氨酯/含氟聚磷腈纳米管复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2)中的聚氨酯预聚体在高速搅拌的转速为1800-2200 r/min。
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