CN106956078A - A kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106956078A CN106956078A CN201710155309.1A CN201710155309A CN106956078A CN 106956078 A CN106956078 A CN 106956078A CN 201710155309 A CN201710155309 A CN 201710155309A CN 106956078 A CN106956078 A CN 106956078A
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- welding
- niobium
- welded
- steel
- copper sheet
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
A kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity, it is related to a kind of steel niobium laser welding process, for solving the problem of existing steel niobium welding method strength of joint is low.Intermediate metal is preset between steel plate and niobium plate first, part to be welded is constituted；Then welded, the intermediate metal is any one in composite bed, copper sheet layer or the silver strip layer that copper sheet is constituted with tantalum piece；When the composite bed constituted using copper sheet with tantalum piece is as transition metal, welded using two pass Welding：First of laser beam acts on layers of copper center；Second laser beam acts on tantalum layer center；When using copper sheet layer or silver strip layer as the metal transfer number of plies, welded using single track Welding：Laser beam acts on layers of copper center.The present invention can suppress the generation of intermetallic compound in steel niobium welding point, significantly improve strength of joint.The present invention is applied to the manufacture of steel niobium composite component.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to different-metal material welding field, and in particular to a kind of side of raising steel niobium laser weld joint intensity
Method.
Background technology
Steel niobium composite welding structure can improve aero-engine operating temperature, mitigate its weight, make aeroplane engine equipment
There is higher thrust-weight ratio, had broad application prospects in aerospace field.But easily generated in steel niobium welding point big
The continuously distributed weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing of amount, significantly reduces strength of joint, or even in postwelding is to crack.Therefore to welding
The intermetallic compound of joint is controlled, and is to realize the key issue that steel niobium is reliably welded.
It is preset in before this seminar using tungsten/copper composite interlayer between steel plate and niobium plate, composition part to be welded is welded
The generation of intermetallic compound in suppression steel/niobium welding point is fetched, strength of joint is significantly improved, its detailed content is shown in patent
CN201510490155.2, joint tensile strength can be lifted to 136~147MPa.Select which kind of material is preset in as intermediate layer
There is important effect for improving joint tensile strength between steel plate and niobium plate.
The features such as Laser Welding has small heat input, welding energy and heating location controllable precise, is current welding of dissimilar metal
One of main method connect.Therefore this patent will weld steel and niobium using Laser Welding, and the intermetallic compound in butt joint is carried out
Control, improves strength of joint, fundamentally solves the welding problem of two kinds of materials, promotes steel/niobium composite welding structure in aviation
Popularization and application in aerospace industry.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of existing steel niobium welding method strength of joint is low, there is provided one kind raising steel
The method of niobium laser weld joint intensity.
When the thickness of stainless steel plate and niobium plate is 2mm~6mm, the purpose of the present invention is realized by following step：
(1) intermediate metal is preset between steel plate and niobium plate, obtains being made up of stainless steel-intermediate metal-niobium
Part to be welded；The intermediate metal is any one in composite bed, copper sheet layer or the silver strip layer that copper sheet is constituted with tantalum piece；
(2) part to be welded is fixedly clamped at two ends, makes the gap at steel/intermediate metal, intermediate metal/niobium interface small
Part to be welded top surface edge is pressed in 0.1mm, then with plate, to prevent that part to be welded from occurring buckling deformation in welding process, then
Welded,
Wherein, when the composite bed constituted using copper sheet with tantalum piece is as transition metal, welded using two pass Welding
Connect：First of laser beam acts on layers of copper center；Second laser beam acts on tantalum layer center；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas,
Protection air-flow amount is 10L/min~13L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas, and protection air-flow amount is 8L/min~10L/min；The
Once welding and second of welding interval are 0.3~3min；
When using copper sheet layer or silver strip layer as the metal transfer number of plies, welded using single track Welding：Laser beam
Act on layers of copper center；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas, and protection air-flow amount is 10L/min~13L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon
Gas, protection air-flow amount is 8L/min~10L/min.
Wherein, the thickness of the stainless steel described in step (1) and niobium mother metal is 2mm~6mm, and the thickness of intermediate metal is
0.1mm~1mm.
Specifically, the welding parameter of the two pass Welding is：The parameter of welding is for the first time：Laser power P=2kW~
6kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min~1.8m/min, defocusing amount Δ f=0；The parameter of welding is for the second time：Laser power P=
2kW~6kW, speed of welding v=0.9m/min~1.3m/min, defocusing amount Δ f=0；
The welding parameter of single track Welding is：Laser power P=2kW~6kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min~1.8m/
Min, defocusing amount Δ f=0.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention improves steel niobium welding side by using the method in preset intermediate layer
Method strength of joint, coordinates welding procedure simultaneously by the suitable preset intermediate layer of selection, effectively inhibits intermetallic compound to give birth to
Into raising joint tensile strength, compared to using copper tungsten layer as preset intermediate layer before, is individually taken with layers of copper as transition zone
Surprising welding effect was obtained, joint tensile strength is up to 250Mpa.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is part to be welded schematic diagram when intermediate metal selects the composite bed of copper sheet and tantalum piece composition, wherein, 1 represents
Stainless steel, 2 represent niobium, and 3 represent copper, and 4 represent tantalum；
Fig. 2 is laser beam active position schematic diagram when intermediate metal selects the composite bed of copper sheet and tantalum piece composition, its
In, 5 represent first of laser beam, and 6 represent second laser beam；
Fig. 3 is directly to weld nearly niobium side interface zone microstructure picture；
Fig. 4 is preset intermediate layer Han Jinni sides interface zone microstructure picture；
Fig. 5 is part to be welded schematic diagram when intermediate metal selects copper sheet layer or silver strip layer, wherein, 7 be copper sheet layer or silver strip
Layer；
Fig. 6 is laser beam active position schematic diagram when intermediate metal selects copper sheet layer or silver strip layer, wherein, 8 be laser
Beam；
Fig. 7 is preset intermediate layer welding point cross section macro morphology photo when intermediate metal selects copper sheet layer；
Fig. 8 is directly to weld nearly niobium side interface zone microstructure picture；
Fig. 9 is preset intermediate layer Han Jinni sides interface zone microstructure picture when intermediate metal selects silver strip layer.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to institute
State embodiment.
Embodiment 1~4 lists the welding effect for the composite bed that transition metal layer is constituted using copper sheet with tantalum piece.
Embodiment 1：The welding method of present embodiment is realized (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2) according to the following steps：
(1) mother metal is Nb521 alloys and 304 stainless steels, and size is 50mm × 25mm × 2mm.Intermediate layer be fine copper plate and
Pure tantalum plate, size is 50mm × 2mm × 1mm；
(2) by stainless steel plate and niobium plate, copper sheet first polishes surface to remove surface film oxide with tantalum piece with 80# water-proof abrasive papers
And greasy dirt, then acetone and alcohol washes surface of test piece are dipped with absorbent cotton respectively, it is ensured that material surface cleaning does not pollute；
(3) copper sheet and tantalum piece are preset between steel plate and niobium plate as composite interlayer, copper sheet is located at steel mother metal side,
Tantalum piece is located at niobium mother metal side, that is, obtains the part to be welded being made up of stainless steel-copper-tantalum-niobium；
(4) part to be welded is fixedly clamped at two ends, makes the gap respectively less than 0.1mm at steel/copper, copper/tantalum, tantalum/niobium interface.Again
Part to be welded top surface edge is pressed in pressing plate, to prevent that part to be welded from occurring buckling deformation in welding process.Then two pass is used
Welding is welded：First of laser beam acts on layers of copper center, laser power P=2kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min,
Defocusing amount Δ f=0；Second laser beam acts on tantalum layer center, laser power P=3kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min, from
Jiao's amount Δ f=0；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas, and protection air-flow amount is 10L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas, protection air-flow amount
For 8L/min；Welding for the first time is 2min with second of welding interval.It is to be remarkably improved steel/niobium to swash by above-mentioned steps
The strength of joint of photocoagulation.
Microscopic structure to present embodiment joint is observed, as a result as shown in Figure 4.From fig. 4, it can be seen that and
(Fig. 3) is compared in steel/niobium Direct Laser weldering, without intermetallic compound generation in the joint of present embodiment welding.Joint tension is strong
Spend for 147MPa.
Embodiment 2：As different from Example 1, the thickness of copper sheet and tantalum piece is 0.8mm to present embodiment in intermediate layer.
It is other same as Example 1.
Without intermetallic compound generation in the joint of present embodiment welding.Joint tensile strength is 136MPa.
Embodiment 3：As different from Example 1, the thickness of copper sheet and tantalum piece is 0.6mm to present embodiment in intermediate layer.
It is other same as Example 1.
Without intermetallic compound generation in the joint of present embodiment welding.Joint tensile strength is 121MPa.
Embodiment 4：As different from Example 1, niobium mother metal uses pure niobium plate to present embodiment.Other and embodiment
1 is identical.
Without intermetallic compound generation in the joint of present embodiment welding.Joint tensile strength is 141MPa.
Embodiment 5~9 is welding effect of the intermediate metal using copper sheet layer.
Embodiment 5：The welding method of present embodiment is realized (referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 6) according to the following steps
(1) mother metal is Nb521 alloys and 304 stainless steels, and size is 50mm × 25mm × 2mm.Intermediate layer is fine copper plate, chi
Very little is 50mm × 2mm × 1mm；
(2) by stainless steel plate and niobium plate, copper sheet first polishes surface to remove surface film oxide and oil with 80# water-proof abrasive papers
Dirt, then acetone and alcohol washes surface of test piece are dipped with absorbent cotton respectively, it is ensured that material surface cleaning does not pollute；
(3) it is preset between steel plate and niobium plate, that is, is obtained by treating that stainless steel-copper-niobium is constituted using copper sheet as intermediate layer
Weldment；
(4) part to be welded is fixedly clamped at two ends, makes the gap respectively less than 0.15mm at steel/copper, copper/niobium interface.Again with pressure
Plate is pressed in part to be welded top surface edge, to prevent that part to be welded from occurring buckling deformation in welding process.Then single track welder is used
Skill is welded, and laser beam acts on layers of copper center, laser power P=2kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min, defocusing amount Δ f
=0；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas, and protection air-flow amount is 10L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas, and protection air-flow amount is 8L/
min.It is to complete the welding of steel and niobium by above-mentioned steps.
Microscopic structure to present embodiment joint is observed, as a result as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen from Figure 7 in weldering
There is not crackle, stomata, are mingled with etc. to form metallurgical binding between defect, two kinds of materials in seam and heat affected area.Drawn is tried
Test, joint tensile strength is 250MPa.
Embodiment 6：As different from Example 5, the thickness of copper sheet is 0.8mm to present embodiment.It is other with the phase of embodiment 5
Together.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 225MPa.
Embodiment 7：As different from Example 5, the thickness of copper sheet is 0.6mm to present embodiment.It is other with the phase of embodiment 5
Together.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 191MPa.
Embodiment 8：As different from Example 5, niobium mother metal uses pure niobium plate to present embodiment.Other and embodiment
5 is identical.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 234MPa.
Embodiment 9：As different from Example 5, steel mother metal uses carbon structural steel to present embodiment
Q235A.It is other same as Example 5.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 243MPa.
By embodiment 5~9 as can be seen that when intermediate metal only selects copper, unexpectedly having obtained good welding
Effect, when having broken traditional preset intermediate layer, need to select the thinking limitation of two kinds of metal levels.
Welding result when embodiment 10~14 gives transition metal layer for silver strip layer.
Embodiment 10：The welding method of present embodiment is realized (referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 6) according to the following steps：
(1) mother metal is Nb521 alloys and 304 stainless steels, and size is 50mm × 25mm × 2mm.Intermediate layer is fine silver plate, chi
Very little is 50mm × 2mm × 1mm；
(2) by stainless steel plate and niobium plate, silver strip first polishes surface to remove surface film oxide and oil with 80# water-proof abrasive papers
Dirt, then acetone and alcohol washes surface of test piece are dipped with absorbent cotton respectively, it is ensured that material surface cleaning does not pollute；
(3) it is preset between steel plate and niobium plate, that is, is obtained by treating that stainless steel-silver-niobium is constituted using silver strip as intermediate layer
Weldment；
(4) part to be welded is fixedly clamped at two ends, makes the gap respectively less than 0.1mm at steel/silver, silver/niobium interface.Pressing plate is used again
Part to be welded top surface edge is pressed in, to prevent that part to be welded from occurring buckling deformation in welding process.Then welded：Laser beam
Act on layers of copper center, laser power P=2kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min, defocusing amount Δ f=0；Welding main protection gas is
Argon gas, protection air-flow amount is 10L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas, and protection air-flow amount is 8L/min；
Microscopic structure to present embodiment joint is observed, as a result as shown in Figure 9.From fig. 9, it can be seen that and
(Fig. 4) is compared in steel/niobium Direct Laser weldering, without intermetallic compound generation in the joint of present embodiment welding.Joint tension is strong
Spend for 191MPa.
Embodiment 11：As different from Example 10, the thickness of silver strip is 0.8mm to present embodiment.Other and embodiment
10 is identical.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 183MPa.
Embodiment 12：As different from Example 10, the thickness of silver strip is 0.6mm to present embodiment.Other and embodiment
10 is identical.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 174MPa.
Embodiment 13：As different from Example 10, niobium mother metal uses pure niobium plate to present embodiment.Other and implementation
Example 10 is identical.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 205MPa.
Embodiment 14：As different from Example 10, steel mother metal uses carbon structural steel to present embodiment
Q235A.It is other same as in Example 10.
The joint tensile strength of present embodiment welding is 197MPa.
We study the same welding effect to when transition metal layer is Ta, V, W, as a result show that Ta, V, W ought be used
During as transition metal, the phenomenon split directly is soldered, above-mentioned metal is to belong to refractory metal as niobium, all, they
Metallurgical compatibility with niobium is relatively good, will not generate intermetallic compound.In addition with the physical and chemical performance of niobium also relatively,
Such as linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, joint residualinternal stress can be so reduced, joint distortion and cracking is prevented.But postwelding is to split
The reason for be primarily due to they and iron metallurgical compatibility it is bad, intermetallic compound is easily generated, in addition with the physics of iron
Chemical property difference is also very big, and very big residualinternal stress can be produced within a fitting, makes joint distortion or even cracking.
As described above, although the present invention has been represented and described with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it must not be explained
For to the limitation of itself of the invention., can be right under the premise of the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims are defined are not departed from
Various changes can be made in the form and details for it.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) intermediate metal is preset between steel plate and niobium plate, obtain by stainless steel-intermediate metal-niobium constitute it is to be welded
Part；The intermediate metal is any one in composite bed, copper sheet layer or the silver strip layer that copper sheet is constituted with tantalum piece；
(2) part to be welded is fixedly clamped at two ends, is respectively less than the gap at steel/intermediate metal, intermediate metal/niobium interface
0.1mm, then part to be welded top surface edge is pressed in plate, to prevent that part to be welded from occurring buckling deformation, Ran Houjin in welding process
Row welding,
Wherein, when the composite bed constituted using copper sheet with tantalum piece is as transition metal, welded using two pass Welding：The
One of laser beam acts on layers of copper center；Second laser beam acts on tantalum layer center；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas, protects gas
Flow is 10L/min~13L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas, and protection air-flow amount is 8L/min~10L/min；Weld for the first time
It is 0.3~3min to connect with second of welding interval；
When using copper sheet layer or silver strip layer as the metal transfer number of plies, welded using single track Welding：Laser beam is acted on
In layers of copper center；It is argon gas to weld main protection gas, and protection air-flow amount is 10L/min~13L/min, and back of the body protection gas is also argon gas,
Protection air-flow amount is 8L/min~10L/min.
2. a kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(1) stainless steel and the thickness of niobium mother metal described in are 2mm~6mm, and the thickness of intermediate metal is 0.1mm~1mm.
3. a kind of method for improving steel niobium laser weld joint intensity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described double
The welding parameter of road Welding is：The parameter of welding is for the first time：Laser power P=2kW~6kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/
Min~1.8m/min, defocusing amount Δ f==0；The parameter of welding is for the second time：Laser power P=2kW~6kW, speed of welding v
=0.9m/min~1.3m/min, defocusing amount Δ f=0；
The welding parameter of single track Welding is：Laser power P=2kW~6kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min~1.8m/min,
Defocusing amount Δ f=0.
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| CN109604804A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of connector and the connection method of copper and niobium |
| CN111673239A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-18 | 西安理工大学 | Copper/steel composite material connecting method for preset joint |
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Application publication date: 20170718 |