CN106954437A - A kind of method of water conservation temperature control grain storage - Google Patents
A kind of method of water conservation temperature control grain storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106954437A CN106954437A CN201710220275.XA CN201710220275A CN106954437A CN 106954437 A CN106954437 A CN 106954437A CN 201710220275 A CN201710220275 A CN 201710220275A CN 106954437 A CN106954437 A CN 106954437A
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- grain
- heap
- temperature
- cold
- ventilation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method of water conservation temperature control grain storage.It is on the basis of with the good warehouse of heat-insulated, airtight performance that this, which states method, the ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, the stabilization of maintenance grain heap ecosystem under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming is mended by implementing wet, winter cooling and General Circulation in Summer in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap, so that reaching ensures stored grain safety, suppresses mould and reduce the purpose of moisture loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to foodstuff preservation field, more particularly, to the water conservation control more than inclined high-moisture grain storage hardly possible and grain dehydration
The method of warm grain storage.
Background technology
There are two big difficult points in current grain depot storage work：One is the diversification with grain market relieving and purchase main body,
There is the situation of keen competition in grain purchases, add various regions kind grain do not make money, a large amount of rural labours go down town work, unmanned processing it is wet
Grain, it must be essentially all inclined high-moisture grain to cause present grain depot to receive, and bring very big hidden danger to storage, it is necessary to reduce grain in time
Drinking water point, does not otherwise note slightly causing grain to go mouldy loss；Two be usual one after grain is divulged information through long-term storage or repeatedly
The grain storage cycle gets off, and Measurement for Grain Moisture Content during export would generally reduce more than 1~2%, and scattering and disappearing for grain moisture content is not only caused
The reduction of grain weight, makes the grain storage decline in benefits of grain depot, the rice milling yield of the grain kind such as paddy can also declined, broken rice rate increase,
Eating mouth feel is deteriorated, and has influence on the benefit of processing enterprise.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention exactly be directed to above-mentioned prior art in the presence of weak point put in storage using inclined high-moisture grain,
Implement the method for " wet in surface drying " water conservation temperature control grain storage to solve " storage of inclined high-moisture grain is difficult " and " long-term ventilation grain storage dehydration
It is many " technical barrier.
The purpose of the present invention can be realized by following technique measures：
The method of the water conservation temperature control grain storage of the present invention is on the basis of with the good warehouse of heat-insulated, airtight performance, to be matched somebody with somebody using warehouse
Standby force ventilation and circulation system, it is cold by implementing wet, winter cooling and General Circulation in Summer benefit in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap
The stabilization of whole grain heap ecosystem is maintained under the controlled temperature conditions of samming, so that reaching ensures stored grain safety, suppresses mould and subtract
The purpose of few moisture loss；Comprise the following steps that：
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet trade in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap：It will be above peace
The inclined high-moisture grain warehouse entry of total moisture 1~2%, closes a position after end-of-job entering grain, carries out force ventilation to wet grain heap immediately, and
The air channel set by being arranged on the guide duct and terrace of bulkhead surrounding carries out forced ventilation and ventilation by low pressure respectively；Press-in
With sucking-off it is bidirectional ventilated alternately, and bulkhead surrounding guide duct wind-guiding effect grain heap surface, perisporium and bottom is easy
The Measurement for Grain Moisture Content for being influenceed 30~50cm of position thick by summer high temperature is down to below safe moisture；
B, winter cooling：Be aerated using winter temperature when low is to reduce grain heap basal temperature, implement the best of temperature control grain storage
On opportunity, be also most economical way；The temperature of inclined high-moisture grain is down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C and following using force ventilation mode,
The characteristic and the huge cold of grain heap internal reservoir of big grain heap good heat preservation performance are recycled, is that water conservation temperature control stored grain safety spends the summer and lays heavily fortified point
Real basis；
C, General Circulation in Summer mend cold samming ventilation：A grain temperature is formed in grain heap by winter ventilation big cold for 5 DEG C~20 DEG C
Core；In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm scopes is more than 5 DEG C or grain heap table at grain heap surface, perisporium
When grain temperature at layer, perisporium reaches 25 DEG C, the circulation system for opening warehouse outfit carries out samming ventilation to Grain Reserve Ecology system.
The present invention is when progress General Circulation in Summer mends cold samming ventilation, to having big cold core and thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap
Good warehouse, can carry out whole storehouse and be divulged information from the circulation of samming, the grain temperature at reduction top layer and perisporium, it is ensured that stored grain safety；To grain
There is the warehouse of big cold core but thermal insulation of roof airtight performance difference in heap, circulation samming under film can be carried out and divulged information, reduction top layer and perisporium
The grain temperature at place；Or cold not enough grain heap small to internal cold core, then need to carry out and mend at cold samming ventilation, reduction top layer and perisporium
Grain temperature.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1. food storage little moisture loss：Inclined high-moisture grain puts in storage, during long-term storage, though grain has a small amount of dehydration, export
When Measurement for Grain Moisture Content remain to maintain safe moisture scope, higher than the Measurement for Grain Moisture Content that safe moisture puts in storage by 1~2%, grain
Storehouse entirety grain storage is profitable.
2. Water-saving effect is good：It except " wet, grain cooling in surface drying " two stages are to take open type to divulge information, can dissipate grain
A small amount of moisture is lost, but it is the circulation ventilation in closed system to carry out circulation samming in high temperature season, and grain heap moisture is influenceed
Less, grain heap moisture can be kept to greatest extent.
3. mend cold samming and realize water conservation energy-conservation：It is to carry out mending cold drop using air conditioner or grain cooling machine to mend cold circulation ventilation
Temperature, especially take gradually reduce warehouse entry cold wind temperature the type of cooling, allow air themperature maintain all the time condensation critical point it
On avoid water loss in storehouse；Cold operating time control is mended in 4h~48h, as long as the cold air court in grain heap can be promoted to move up
It is dynamic, reach grain heap surface, the purpose of grain temperature decline at perisporium can just be shut down, grain heap little moisture loss, energy consumption are low, when long than ever
Between using paddy cold cooling can save energy 2/3.
4. circulation samming maintains grain feelings stable：" wet in surface drying, winter cooling, General Circulation in Summer mend cold samming " grain storage new method
Core be exactly to maintain the equilibrium of humiture in Grain Reserve Ecology system, i.e., in grain heap realize " the higher grain of moisture be in low temperature in,
Samming changes with mending the humiture of cold Operation control grain heap, makes microorganism all the time in a repressed state ", so as to ensure
Stored grain safety.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that " wet in surface drying " state diagram is presented in grain heap.
Fig. 2 is forced ventilation reduction grain heap bottom and periphery moisture schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ventilation by low pressure reduction grain heap upper strata and periphery moisture schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is whole storehouse to divulge information schematic diagram from samming circulation.
Fig. 5 is circulation samming ventilation schematic diagram under the inner membrance of storehouse.
Fig. 6 is that cold samming ventilation schematic diagram is mended outside storehouse.
Sequence number in figure：1st, warehouse, 2, guide duct, 3, blower fan, 4, ventilating opening, 5, air channel, 6, solid food, 7, wet grain, 8, under film
Return duct, 9, circulation fan, 10, circulating pipe, 11, air-conditioning or paddy cold.
Embodiment
The present invention is below with reference to embodiment（Accompanying drawing）It is further described：
The method of the water conservation temperature control grain storage of the present invention is on the basis of with the good warehouse of heat-insulated, airtight performance（For thermal insulation
The poor warehouse of energy, it is heat-insulated to make up warehouse just using the measure on insulation material gland grain heap surface before spring temperature rise
The deficiency of poor performance）, the force ventilation that is equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, by implementing to higher moisture grain heap in surface drying
Wet, winter cooling and General Circulation in Summer mend the stabilization that whole grain heap ecosystem is maintained under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming, so as to reach
Ensure stored grain safety, suppress mould and reduce the purpose of moisture loss；Comprise the following steps that：
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet trade in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap：Using big
When grain heap is divulged information（Forced ventilation can only reduce the thick grain layer moisture of grain heap bottom about 150cm, and the amplitude of variation of moisture is 3%
~0%, i.e. bottom drop is gradually reduced much, upward；Ventilation by low pressure can only reduce the thick grain layer moisture of grain heap top about 150cm, water
The amplitude of variation for dividing content is also 3%~0%, i.e. top layer drop is gradually reduced much, down）Rainfall characteristics, will be above safe water
Point 1~2% inclined high-moisture grain warehouse entry, closes a position after end-of-job entering grain, carries out force ventilation to wet grain heap immediately, real respectively
Apply the forced ventilation that guide duct is inserted with bulkhead surrounding（Fig. 2）With ventilation by low pressure（Fig. 3）.It is pressed into bidirectional ventilated with sucking-off
Wind-guiding alternately with bulkhead surrounding guide duct is acted on, and grain heap surface, perisporium and bottom easily can be influenceed into portion by summer high temperature
Position（30~50cm is thick）Measurement for Grain Moisture Content be down to below safe moisture.When aestivating, the grain influenceed by external high temperature
Grain temperature rise at heap top layer, warehouse perisporium, but because the moisture of itself is low, this part grain is still within safe condition.
B, winter cooling：Using winter temperature it is low when to be aerated be reduction grain heap basal temperature, implements temperature control grain storage
Preferably on opportunity, be also most economical way.China's major part grain depot all possesses reduces the condition of grain temperature in the winter time, logical using machinery
The temperature of inclined high-moisture grain is down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C and following by wind mode, recycles the characteristic and grain heap of big grain heap good heat preservation performance
The huge cold of internal reservoir, is that water conservation temperature control stored grain safety is spent the summer and taken a firm foundation.
C, General Circulation in Summer mend cold samming ventilation：It is 5 DEG C~20 DEG C to form a grain temperature in grain heap by winter ventilation
Big cold core, low-temperature condition may insure that the grain feelings of this part grain heap are stable and quality is good.Due to being influenceed by extraneous continuous high temperature,
The heat-proof quality difference in warehouse can make grain heap surface, the grain temperature of perisporium has different degrees of rising, and the quality of heat insulating and sealing performance is determined again
The amplitude that grain heap surface, perisporium grain temperature rise is determined.
In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm scopes is more than 5 DEG C or grain at grain heap surface, perisporium
, it is necessary to which the circulation system for opening warehouse outfit is carried out to Grain Reserve Ecology system when grain temperature at heap top layer, perisporium reaches 25 DEG C
Temperature ventilation.To having big cold core and the good warehouse of thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap, whole storehouse can be carried out and divulged information from the circulation of samming,
Reduce the grain temperature at top layer and perisporium, it is ensured that stored grain safety（Fig. 4）；To having big cold core but thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap
The warehouse of difference, can carry out circulation samming under film and divulge information, the grain temperature at reduction top layer and perisporium（Fig. 5）；It is small to internal cold core or cold
Not enough grain heap is measured, then needs to carry out the grain temperature mended at cold samming ventilation, reduction top layer and perisporium（Fig. 6）.
More specifically：During grain storage, the present invention can improve warehouse heat insulating and sealing performance by preliminary preparation, plus
The application of upper " ventilation and cooling, circulation and samming " grain storage new technology, makes grain heap that the shape of " wet in surface drying, low temperature, equilibrium " is presented
State.Then higher moisture grain heap is when aestivating：Inside grain heap, the higher cereal temperature of moisture is relatively low, and grain feelings are stable
's；At the grain heap surface easily by ectocine, perisporium, though grain temperature height moisture is relatively low, grain feelings are equally stablized.Meanwhile, for
The differences such as the cold inside temperature approach, grain heap, the heat insulating and sealing performance in warehouse at grain heap surface and perisporium, take whole storehouse respectively
The circulation ventilating such as cold samming is gently mended under samming, film, the poised state of Grain Reserve Ecology system in storehouse is maintained, suppression is reached
Mildew making growth, the purpose for realizing safe grain storage.
Horizontal warehouse inclined high-moisture grain enter it is full it is smooth after, take in turn suction type descentional ventilation with it is forced up logical
The grain moisture content of wind, reduction grain heap surface and bottom, while inserting the grain moisture content on guide duct reduction grain heap periphery, makes whole grain
" wet in surface drying " state is presented in heap；Again by " cooling channel " in winter, " temperature control mends cold circulation " of summer, formed in grain heap
Low-temperature condition simultaneously maintains the humiture in grain heap ecosystem at equilibrium all the time, it is ensured that grain heap safety, grain dehydration
Less, quality is excellent, and grain depot entirety grain storage is profitable.
When the inclined high-moisture grain of silo puts in storage, first carry out forced ascensional ventilation, make grain heap bottom and the grain on periphery
Moisture is reduced；After conveying grain into storehouse completely closes a position end, then carry out the grain water of ventilation by low pressure, reduction grain heap surface and periphery
Point, " wet in a surface drying " state is presented in whole grain heap；Along with measures such as " cooling channels, mend the ventilation of cold circulation samming ", just
Ecosystem in silo can be maintained at equilibrium, it is ensured that the safety of grain heap, grain little moisture loss, quality are excellent, and grain depot is whole
Body grain storage is profitable.
The present invention has the characteristics that compared with prior art：
1. " wet in surface drying, winter cooling, General Circulation in Summer mend cold samming " grain storage new technology is the application of integrated technology, by not
Implement ventilation, samming with the period, mend the measure such as cold, to maintain the equilibrium of Grain Reserve Ecology system, reach the peace of inclined high-moisture grain
Full storage, few dehydration, energy-saving purpose, the features such as with easy to operate, grain storage low cost, good Water-saving effect.
2. conventional grain heap realizes that " wet in surface drying " state is that the link for entering " solid food-wet grain-solid food " by gradation is realized,
Not only troublesome poeration, goes back labor intensity big.The present invention is once enters wet grain, by being pressed into the two-way ventilating mode that suctions out in turn
Carry out, add the list at bulkhead（It is many）Pipe is divulged information, you can realize " wet in surface drying " state of grain heap surface, periphery and bottom, no
Only simple to operate, also employment is few, expense is low, efficiency high.
3. high-moisture grain partially puts in storage in the past, because top layer grain moisture content is high, and generating heat repeatedly often occurs in the wet grain in top layer when spending the summer
Phenomenon, it is necessary to administrator need to take do not stop to stir grain face, the measure processing such as aeration-cooling, not only taken a lot of work again arduously, also bad grain
It is dangerous.And the present invention uses suction type descentional ventilation, list is added（It is many）Pipe divulge information, in advance by grain heap surface, periphery 30cm~
Easily influenceed the grain moisture content of part to reduce by outer temperature at 50cm, along with the circulation samming measure of summer, continually moved up
Cold wind, maintains the grain of grain heap surface, perisporium to be in humiture equilibrium state, mould is in holddown, grain heap safety and
It is stable.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of water conservation temperature control grain storage, it is characterised in that：Methods described is with the good warehouse of heat-insulated, airtight performance
On the basis of, the ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, by higher moisture grain heap is implemented in surface drying the cooling of wet, winter and
General Circulation in Summer to be mended and maintain the stabilization of whole grain heap ecosystem under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming, thus reach ensure stored grain safety,
Suppress mould and reduce the purpose of moisture loss；Comprise the following steps that：
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet trade in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap：It will be above peace
The direct warehouse entry of inclined high-moisture grain of total moisture 1~2%, closes a position after end-of-job entering grain, and it is logical to carry out machinery to wet grain heap immediately
Wind, and the air channel set by being arranged on the guide duct and terrace of bulkhead surrounding carries out forced ventilation respectively and suction type leads to
Wind；Press-in with suction out it is bidirectional ventilated alternately, and bulkhead surrounding guide duct wind-guiding effect by grain heap surface, perisporium and
The Measurement for Grain Moisture Content that bottom is easily influenceed 30~50cm of position thick by summer high temperature is down to below safe moisture；
B, winter cooling：Be aerated using winter temperature when low is to reduce grain heap basal temperature, implement the best of temperature control grain storage
On opportunity, be also most economical way；The temperature of inclined high-moisture grain is down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C and following using force ventilation mode,
The characteristic and the huge cold of grain heap internal reservoir of big grain heap good heat preservation performance are recycled, is that water conservation temperature control stored grain safety spends the summer and lays heavily fortified point
Real basis；
C, General Circulation in Summer mend cold samming ventilation：A grain temperature is formed in grain heap by winter ventilation big cold for 5 DEG C~20 DEG C
Core；In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm scopes is more than 5 DEG C or grain heap table at grain heap surface, perisporium
When grain temperature at layer, perisporium reaches 25 DEG C, the circulation system for opening warehouse outfit carries out samming ventilation to Grain Reserve Ecology system.
2. the method for water conservation temperature control grain storage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cold samming is mended carrying out General Circulation in Summer
During ventilation, to having big cold core and the good warehouse of thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap, whole storehouse can be carried out and divulged information from the circulation of samming,
Reduce the grain temperature at top layer and perisporium, it is ensured that stored grain safety；To there is the storehouse of big cold core but thermal insulation of roof airtight performance difference in grain heap
Room, can carry out circulation samming under film and divulge information, the grain temperature at reduction top layer and perisporium；Or cold not enough grain small to internal cold core
Heap, then need to carry out the grain temperature mended at cold samming ventilation, reduction top layer and perisporium.
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| CN201710220275.XA CN106954437B (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage |
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| CN201710220275.XA CN106954437B (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage |
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| CN106954437B CN106954437B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109892118A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-18 | 湖南粮食集团有限责任公司 | A kind of conveying grain into storehouse storage method and its silo |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109892118A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-18 | 湖南粮食集团有限责任公司 | A kind of conveying grain into storehouse storage method and its silo |
| CN109892118B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-03-02 | 湖南粮食集团有限责任公司 | Grain warehousing storage method and granary thereof |
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| CN106954437B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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