CN106954437B - A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage - Google Patents
A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106954437B CN106954437B CN201710220275.XA CN201710220275A CN106954437B CN 106954437 B CN106954437 B CN 106954437B CN 201710220275 A CN201710220275 A CN 201710220275A CN 106954437 B CN106954437 B CN 106954437B
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- grain
- temperature
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- ventilation
- moisture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for being retained temperature control grain storage.It is on the basis of warehouse good with heat-insulated, airtight performance that this, which states method, the ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, by implementing that wet, winter in surface drying is cooling to higher moisture grain heap and General Circulation in Summer is mended and maintains the stabilization of grain heap ecosystem under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming, to achieve the purpose that ensure stored grain safety, inhibit mould and reduce moisture loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to foodstuff preservation fields, more particularly, to the water conservation control more than inclined high-moisture grain storage hardly possible and grain dehydration
The method of warm grain storage.
Background technique
There are two big difficult points for the work of grain depot storage at present: first is that as grain market is decontroled and purchases the diversification of main body,
There is the situation of keen competition in grain purchases, in addition various regions kind grain is not made money, a large amount of rural labours go down town works, unmanned processing is wet
Grain causes present grain depot to receive to be essentially all inclined high-moisture grain, brings very big hidden danger to storage, needs to reduce grain in time
Otherwise drinking water point does not pay attention to slightly will cause grain mildew loss；Second is that after grain is divulged information through long-term storage or repeatedly, usual one
The grain storage period gets off, and Measurement for Grain Moisture Content when export would generally reduce 1~2% or more, and scattering and disappearing for grain moisture content not only causes
The reduction of grain weight makes the grain storage decline in benefits of grain depot, the rice milling yield of the grains kind such as paddy can also declined, broken rice rate increase,
Eating mouth feel is deteriorated, and influences the benefit of processing enterprise.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be exactly the shortcoming for being directed in the presence of the above-mentioned prior art put in storage using inclined high-moisture grain,
Implement the method for water conservation temperature control grain storage " wet in surface drying " to solve " storage of inclined high-moisture grain is difficult " and " long-term ventilation grain storage dehydration
It is more " technical problem.
The purpose of the present invention can be realized by following technique measures:
The method of water conservation temperature control grain storage of the invention is to utilize storehouse on the basis of warehouse good with heat-insulated, airtight performance
The force ventilation and circulation system that room is equipped with, by implementing to higher moisture grain heap, wet, winter in surface drying is cooling and General Circulation in Summer
The stabilization that entire grain heap ecosystem is maintained under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming is mended, so that reaching ensures stored grain safety, inhibits mould
With the purpose for reducing moisture loss；Specific step is as follows:
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet construction in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap: will be high
In the inclined high-moisture grain warehouse entry of safe moisture 1~2%, enter grain close a position work after, wet grain heap is carried out immediately mechanical logical
Wind, and the air duct of the guide duct by the way that bulkhead surrounding is arranged in and terrace setting carries out forced ventilation respectively and suction type is logical
Wind；Indentation be sucked out it is bidirectional ventilated alternately and the wind-guiding of bulkhead surrounding guide duct effect by grain heap surface, peripheral wall and
Bottom is down to safe moisture or less vulnerable to the Measurement for Grain Moisture Content that summer high temperature influences 30~50cm of position thickness；
B, winter is cooling: being aerated when low using winter temperature is to reduce grain heap basal temperature, implement temperature control grain storage
Preferably opportunity and most economical way；Using force ventilation mode by the temperature of inclined high-moisture grain be down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C and
Hereinafter, recycling the characteristic and the huge cooling capacity of grain heap internal reservoir of big grain heap good heat preservation performance, the summer is spent for water conservation temperature control stored grain safety
It takes a firm foundation；
C, General Circulation in Summer mends cold samming ventilation: forming a grain temperature in grain heap by winter ventilation is 5 DEG C~20 DEG C
Big cold core；In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm range is more than 5 DEG C or grain at grain heap surface, peripheral wall
When grain temperature at heap surface layer, peripheral wall reaches 25 DEG C, it is logical to Grain Reserve Ecology system progress samming to open the circulation system that warehouse is equipped with
Wind.
The present invention is when carrying out General Circulation in Summer and mending the ventilation of cold samming, to having big cold core and thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap
Good warehouse can carry out whole storehouse and divulge information from the circulation of samming, reduce the grain temperature at surface layer and peripheral wall, it is ensured that stored grain safety；To grain
There is the warehouse of big cold core but thermal insulation of roof airtight performance difference in heap, circulation samming under film can be carried out and divulged information, surface layer and peripheral wall are reduced
The grain temperature at place；Or cooling capacity insufficient grain heap small to internal cold core then needs to carry out and mends cold samming ventilation, reduce at surface layer and peripheral wall
Grain temperature.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1. food storage little moisture loss: inclined high-moisture grain puts in storage, during long-term storage, though grain has a small amount of dehydration,
Measurement for Grain Moisture Content remains to maintain safe moisture range when export, higher than the Measurement for Grain Moisture Content that safe moisture puts in storage by 1~
2%, grain depot entirety grain storage is profitable.
2. Water-saving effect is good: except " wet in surface drying, grain cooling " two stages are that open type is taken to divulge information, grain can be made to dissipate
A small amount of moisture is lost, but is the circulation ventilation in closed system in the carried out circulation samming of high temperature season, grain heap moisture is influenced
Less, grain heap moisture can be kept to greatest extent.
3. mending cold samming realizes water conservation energy conservation: mending cold circulation ventilation is to carry out mending cold drop using air conditioner or grain cooling machine
Temperature especially takes the type of cooling for gradually decreasing warehouse entry cold wind temperature, allow air themperature maintain always moisture condensation critical point it
On avoid water loss in storehouse；Cold operating time control is mended in 4h~48h, as long as the cold air court in grain heap can be promoted to move up
It is dynamic, achieve the purpose that grain heap surface, the grain temperature decline at peripheral wall can just be shut down, grain heap little moisture loss, low energy consumption, than it is previous long when
Between using paddy cold cooling can save energy 2/3.
4. circulation samming maintains grain feelings to stablize: " wet in surface drying, winter is cooling, General Circulation in Summer mends cold samming " grain storage new method
Core be exactly to maintain the equilibrium of temperature and humidity in Grain Reserve Ecology system, i.e., in grain heap realize " the higher grain of moisture is in low temperature,
Samming and the temperature and humidity for mending cold Operation control grain heap change, and microorganism is made to be in a repressed state always ", to guarantee
Stored grain safety.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that " wet in surface drying " state diagram is presented in grain heap.
Fig. 2 is that forced ventilation reduces grain heap bottom and periphery moisture schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that ventilation by low pressure reduces grain heap upper layer and periphery moisture schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is whole storehouse to divulge information schematic diagram from samming circulation.
Fig. 5 is circulation samming ventilation schematic diagram under the inner membrance of storehouse.
Fig. 6 is that cold samming ventilation schematic diagram is mended outside storehouse.
Serial number in figure: 1, warehouse, 2, guide duct, 3, blower, 4, ventilation opening, 5, air duct, 6, solid food, 7, wet grain, 8, under film
Return pipe, 9, circulation fan, 10, circulating pipe, 11, air-conditioning or Gu Lengji.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below with reference to embodiment (attached drawing):
The method of water conservation temperature control grain storage of the invention be on the basis of warehouse good with heat-insulated, airtight performance (for every
The poor warehouse of hot property uses the measure on thermal insulation material gland grain heap surface, just before spring temperature rise to make up warehouse
The deficiency of heat-proof quality difference), the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, by implementing surface drying to higher moisture grain heap
Interior wet, winter is cooling and General Circulation in Summer mends the stabilization that entire grain heap ecosystem is maintained under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming, to reach
To the purpose for ensuring stored grain safety, inhibition mould and reduction moisture loss；Specific step is as follows:
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet construction in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap: utilizing
In the ventilation of big grain heap, (forced ventilation can only reduce grain heap bottom about 150cm thickness grain layer moisture, the amplitude of variation of moisture content
It is 3%~0%, i.e. bottom drop gradually reduces much, upward；Ventilation by low pressure can only reduce grain heap top about 150cm thickness grain layer water
Point, the amplitude of variation of moisture content is also 3%~0%, i.e., surface layer drop gradually reduce much, downward) rainfall characteristics, will be above pacifying
The inclined high-moisture grain warehouse entry of total moisture 1~2%, enter grain close a position work after, immediately to wet grain heap carry out force ventilation, point
Not Shi Shi bulkhead surrounding be inserted with guide duct forced ventilation (Fig. 2) and ventilation by low pressure (Fig. 3).It is pressed into two-way with suction
Ventilation is alternately acted on the wind-guiding of bulkhead surrounding guide duct, can be by grain heap surface, peripheral wall and bottom vulnerable to summer high temperature shadow
The Measurement for Grain Moisture Content for ringing position (30~50cm is thick) is down to safe moisture or less.Even if being influenced when aestivating by external high temperature
Grain heap surface, the grain Wen Shenggao at warehouse peripheral wall, but since the moisture of itself is low, this part grain is still within safe shape
State.
B, winter is cooling: being aerated when low using winter temperature is to reduce grain heap basal temperature, implement temperature control grain storage
Preferably opportunity and most economical way.China's major part grain depot all has the condition for reducing grain temperature in winter, logical using machinery
The temperature of inclined high-moisture grain is down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C and hereinafter, recycles the characteristic and grain heap of big grain heap good heat preservation performance by wind mode
The huge cooling capacity of internal reservoir spends the summer for water conservation temperature control stored grain safety and takes a firm foundation.
C, General Circulation in Summer mends cold samming ventilation: forming a grain temperature in grain heap by winter ventilation is 5 DEG C~20 DEG C
Big cold core, low-temperature condition may insure that the grain feelings of this part grain heap are stable and quality is good.Due to being influenced by extraneous continuous high temperature,
The heat-proof quality difference in warehouse can make grain heap surface, the grain temperature of peripheral wall has different degrees of rising, and the quality of heat insulating and sealing performance is determined again
Grain heap surface is determined, the amplitude that peripheral wall grain temperature rises.
In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm range is more than 5 DEG C or grain at grain heap surface, peripheral wall
When grain temperature at heap surface layer, peripheral wall reaches 25 DEG C, the circulation system for needing to open warehouse outfit carries out Grain Reserve Ecology system
Temperature ventilation.To having big cold core and the good warehouse of thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap, whole storehouse can be carried out and divulged information from the circulation of samming,
Reduce the grain temperature at surface layer and peripheral wall, it is ensured that stored grain safety (Fig. 4)；To having big cold core but thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap
The warehouse of difference can carry out circulation samming under film and divulge information, reduce the grain temperature (Fig. 5) at surface layer and peripheral wall；It is small to internal cold core or cold
Insufficient grain heap is measured, then needs to carry out and mends cold samming ventilation, reduce the grain temperature (Fig. 6) at surface layer and peripheral wall.
More specifically: during grain storage, the present invention can be improved warehouse heat insulating and sealing performance, be added by preliminary preparation
The application of upper " ventilation and cooling, circulation and samming " grain storage new process, makes grain heap that the shape of " wet in surface drying, low temperature, equilibrium " be presented
State.Then higher moisture grain heap is when aestivating: inside grain heap, the higher cereal temperature of moisture content is lower, and grain feelings are stable
's；At vulnerable to the extraneous grain heap surface influenced, peripheral wall, though the high moisture of grain temperature is lower, grain feelings are equally stable.Meanwhile for
The cooling capacity inside temperature difference, grain heap, the heat insulating and sealing performance in warehouse at grain heap surface and peripheral wall etc. are different, take whole storehouse respectively
The circulation ventilating such as cold samming is mildly mended under samming, film, maintains the equilibrium state of Grain Reserve Ecology system in storehouse, reaches suppression
Mildew making growth, the purpose for realizing safe grain storage.
Horizontal warehouse inclined high-moisture grain enter it is full it is smooth after, take suction type descentional ventilation and forced uplink logical in turn
Wind, reduces the grain moisture content of grain heap surface and bottom, while inserting the grain moisture content on guide duct reduction grain heap periphery, makes entire grain
" wet in surface drying " state is presented in heap；Again by " cooling channel " in winter, " temperature control mends cold circulation " of summer, formed in grain heap
Low-temperature condition simultaneously maintains the temperature and humidity in grain heap ecosystem at equilibrium always, it is ensured that grain heap safety, grain dehydration
Less, quality is excellent, and grain depot entirety grain storage is profitable.
When the inclined high-moisture grain of silo puts in storage, first carries out forced ascensional ventilation, make the grain on grain heap bottom and periphery
Moisture reduces；After conveying grain into storehouse is completely closed a position, then carry out ventilation by low pressure, reduces the grain water of grain heap surface and periphery
Point, " wet in a surface drying " state is presented in entire grain heap；Along with measures such as " cold circulation samming ventilation are mended in cooling channel ", just
Ecosystem in silo can be maintained at equilibrium, it is ensured that the safety of grain heap, grain little moisture loss, quality are excellent, and grain depot is whole
Body grain storage is profitable.
The present invention has the following characteristics that compared with prior art
1. " wet in surface drying, winter is cooling, General Circulation in Summer mends cold samming " grain storage new process is the application of integrated technology, pass through
Different periods implement ventilation, samming, the benefit measures such as cold have reached inclined high-moisture grain to maintain the equilibrium of Grain Reserve Ecology system
Safe storage, few dehydration, energy-saving purpose, have the characteristics that easy to operate, grain storage is at low cost, Water-saving effect is good.
2. previous grain heap realizes that " wet in surface drying " state is realized by the link of gradation into " the wet grain-solid food of solid food-",
It is not only troublesome in poeration, go back large labor intensity.The present invention is once into wet grain, by being pressed into the two-way ventilating mode of suction in turn
It carries out, in addition list (more) Guan Tongfeng at bulkhead, can be realized " wet in surface drying " state of grain heap surface, periphery and bottom, no
Only easy to operate, also employment is few, expense is low, high-efficient.
3. previous high-moisture grain partially puts in storage, due to surface layer grain moisture content height, generating heat repeatedly often occurs in the wet grain in surface layer when spending the summer
Phenomenon needs administrator that need to take and does not stop to stir the measures such as grain face, aeration-cooling processing, not only taken a lot of work but also laborious, there are also bad grains
It is dangerous.And the present invention use suction type descentional ventilation, plus singly (more) Guan Tongfeng, in advance by grain heap surface, periphery 30cm~
The grain moisture content for influencing part vulnerable to outer temperature at 50cm reduces, and along with the circulation samming measure of summer, continually moves up
Cold wind maintains the grain of grain heap surface, peripheral wall be in temperature and humidity equilibrium state, and mould is made to be in holddown, grain heap safely and
Stablize.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for being retained temperature control grain storage, it is characterised in that: the method is with the good warehouse of heat-insulated, airtight performance
On the basis of, the ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system, by higher moisture grain heap implement wet, winter in surface drying it is cooling and
General Circulation in Summer is mended and maintains the stabilization of entire grain heap ecosystem under the controlled temperature conditions of cold samming, thus reach ensure stored grain safety,
Inhibit mould and reduces the purpose of moisture loss；Specific step is as follows:
A, the force ventilation being equipped with using warehouse and circulation system implement wet construction in surface drying to higher moisture grain heap: will be above pacifying
The direct warehouse entry of inclined high-moisture grain of total moisture 1~2%, enter grain close a position work after, wet grain heap is carried out immediately mechanical logical
Wind, and the air duct of the guide duct by the way that bulkhead surrounding is arranged in and terrace setting carries out forced ventilation respectively and suction type is logical
Wind；Indentation be sucked out it is bidirectional ventilated alternately and the wind-guiding of bulkhead surrounding guide duct effect by grain heap surface, peripheral wall and
Bottom is down to safe moisture vulnerable to the Measurement for Grain Moisture Content that summer high temperature influences 30~50cm of position thickness；
B, winter is cooling: is aerated when low using winter temperature to reduce grain heap basal temperature, implement temperature control grain storage；Using machine
The temperature of inclined high-moisture grain is down to -5 DEG C~15 DEG C by tool draft type, recycles big grain heap good heat preservation performance and grain heap internal reservoir
Huge cooling capacity, spend the summer for water conservation temperature control stored grain safety and take a firm foundation；
C, General Circulation in Summer mends the ventilation of cold samming: it is big cold for 5 DEG C~20 DEG C to form one grain temperature in grain heap by winter ventilation
Core；In order to maintain the stability of grain storage, the inside and outside grain temperature difference of 30cm range is more than 5 DEG C or grain heap table at grain heap surface, peripheral wall
When grain temperature at layer, peripheral wall reaches 25 DEG C, opens the circulation system that warehouse is equipped with and samming ventilation is carried out to Grain Reserve Ecology system；In
When carrying out General Circulation in Summer and mending the ventilation of cold samming, to having big cold core and the good warehouse of thermal insulation of roof airtight performance in grain heap, carry out whole
Storehouse is divulged information from the circulation of samming, reduces the grain temperature at surface layer and peripheral wall, it is ensured that stored grain safety；To having big cold core but room in grain heap
The warehouse of heat insulating and sealing performance difference is pushed up, carries out circulation samming under film and divulges information, reduce the grain temperature at surface layer and peripheral wall；To internal cold core
The insufficient grain heap of small or cooling capacity then needs to carry out and mends cold samming ventilation, reduces the grain temperature at surface layer and peripheral wall.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710220275.XA CN106954437B (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710220275.XA CN106954437B (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | A method of water conservation temperature control grain storage |
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| CN106954437A CN106954437A (en) | 2017-07-18 |
| CN106954437B true CN106954437B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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| CN109892118B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-03-02 | 湖南粮食集团有限责任公司 | Grain warehousing storage method and granary thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4216853A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1994-02-24 | Ognjan Gruev | Radial ventilation device for silo cells - has console brackets on outside of silo cells to support rods and also has air passing through one chamber and out through another. |
| CN2296498Y (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-11-04 | 黑龙江省农副产品加工机械化研究所 | Grain drier |
| CN2413243Y (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-01-03 | 梨树县粮食技术开发公司 | Combined tower grain drying machine |
| CN102475138A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 浙江青风制冷设备制造有限公司 | Grain ventilation cooling device as well as its system |
| CN103340066A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 哈尔滨北仓粮食仓储工程设备有限公司 | Positive-negative pressure ventilation drying cylindrical silo and drying method |
-
2017
- 2017-04-06 CN CN201710220275.XA patent/CN106954437B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4216853A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1994-02-24 | Ognjan Gruev | Radial ventilation device for silo cells - has console brackets on outside of silo cells to support rods and also has air passing through one chamber and out through another. |
| CN2296498Y (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 1998-11-04 | 黑龙江省农副产品加工机械化研究所 | Grain drier |
| CN2413243Y (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-01-03 | 梨树县粮食技术开发公司 | Combined tower grain drying machine |
| CN102475138A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 浙江青风制冷设备制造有限公司 | Grain ventilation cooling device as well as its system |
| CN103340066A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-09 | 哈尔滨北仓粮食仓储工程设备有限公司 | Positive-negative pressure ventilation drying cylindrical silo and drying method |
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