CN106950644B - A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106950644B CN106950644B CN201710304066.3A CN201710304066A CN106950644B CN 106950644 B CN106950644 B CN 106950644B CN 201710304066 A CN201710304066 A CN 201710304066A CN 106950644 B CN106950644 B CN 106950644B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fibers, including annular fibre core, central area and covering；Annular fibre core is step or gradation type index distribution, and interior outside can assist low-refraction ring-shaped groove.Annular fibre core and covering/central area refringence are no more than 1%.Ring-shaped groove and covering/central area refringence are no more than -1%.The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber only supports multi-channel radial single order mode and is divided into different modular groups.Except the first two modular group, remaining modular group all has big refringence, can with the first two modular group combine after 6x6 mostly into have more Digital Signal Processing auxiliary multiplexing, 4x4 MIMO-DSP auxiliary multiplexing in remaining each modular group, low crosstalk multiplexing and MIMO-DSP auxiliary multiplexing small-scale in modular group combine i.e. between modular group, have scalability.Mode base can be linear polarization/light vortex/eigen mode.Meanwhile there is C+L band broadband characteristic, message capacity can be effectively improved in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplex, compatible existing mature optical fiber fabrication technology can reduce loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication fields, more particularly, to a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber.
Background technique
Current optic communication is due to well known light wave dimension resource (amplitude, phase, frequency/wavelength, time, polarization)
Exploitation totally shows " new size crisis ".In order to further increase the capacity of optical communication system, space division multiplexing technology is for solving
The potentiality of the certainly following optic communication new size crisis have attracted more and more concerns.Space division multiplexing technology utilizes the space dimension of photon
Degree, including mode division multiplexing (that is, mode multiplexing) technology based on less fundamental mode optical fibre, multimode fibre and optical fibre ring etc. and based on more
The core of core fibre divides multiplexing technology.Further, it is also possible to which two technologies, which are be combined with each other, further increases space utilization rate and system
Capacity, such as mould multicore, ring-shaped multi-core fiber etc. less.It is multiple carrying out mould point with less fundamental mode optical fibre, multimode fibre and optical fibre ring etc.
Used time, using linear polarization mode (LP mould) or orbital angular momentum mode (OAM mould, also known as light are vortexed) isotype base.With
The model number propagated in optical fiber increases to be increased with transmission range, under normal conditions any disturbance factor (optical fiber self character and
Defect and external disturbance) crosstalk that will lead between mode is difficult to avoid that, it need to be using complicated mostly into having more number in receiving end
Signal processing (MIMO-DSP) technology is restored, and increases so as to cause system complexity and cost and power consumption increases.In addition,
Support model number few in traditional less fundamental mode optical fibre, it is difficult to meet the needs of multi-channel mode multiplexing effectively promotes message capacity.
Many model numbers can be supported in legacy multimode fiber, numerous modes can be divided into the modular group being separated from each other, and can use
Low crosstalk is multiplexed between modular group, and but, multiple mode effective refractive indexs in a modular group are close, and crosstalk is serious, this in modular group
There is still a need for auxiliary in mode multiplexing for a little modes with MIMO-DSP technology, since there are many difficulties in legacy multimode fiber modular group
With the radial higher order mode of multiplexing and demultiplexing, as modular group order increases, the model number in modular group is also more and more, this causes
MIMO-DSP complexity sharp increase (needing extensive MIMO-DSP technology) needed for the multiplexing of modular group internal schema, this is very big
Legacy multimode fiber is limited in degree to be multiplexed applied to multi-channel mode.Although optical fibre ring is commonly used to light swirl pattern multiple
High index-contrast ring structure, this design are mainly used currently in order to reducing the crosstalk between multiple smooth swirl patterns with communication
Since high index-contrast brings many challenges to optical fiber fabrication technology drawing, the optical fibre ring loss produced is very big, cannot achieve
The transmission of relatively long distance.In addition to this, for the polarization maintaining optical fibre of eigen mode (HE, EH, TE, TM) separation, such as oval core light
Fibre, eigen mode in optical fiber can also similar linear polarization mode and light swirl pattern be used as mode base like that, it can directly
Eigen mode multiplexed communications are carried out using optical fiber eigen mode, but mode passageway number is relatively limited.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fibers, it is intended to solve
Mode passageway number of the existing technology is few, big, mode crosstalk is lost greatly thus extensive MIMO-DSP technology etc. is needed to ask
Topic.
The present invention provides a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fibers, comprising: annular fibre core, central area and covering；The ring
Relative fefractive index difference between the refractive index of shape fibre core and the refractive index of the covering is no more than 1%, and the annular fibre core
Relative fefractive index difference between refractive index and the refractive index of the central area is no more than 1%；The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber
Radial higher order mode is not supported, only supports multi-channel radial single order mode and is divided into different modular groups；First modular group, 2 modes,
Each 4 modes of remaining modular group, in addition to the first two modular group, refringence between remaining modular group is equal > and 10-4。
Further, mode base is linear polarization mode, light swirl pattern or optical fiber eigen mode.
Further, the refractive index of annular fibre core is greater than the refractive index of the central area；The folding of the annular fibre core
Penetrate the refractive index that rate is greater than the covering.
Further, the index distribution of annular fibre core is step-refraction index distribution or graded--index planar waveguides.
Further, on the outside of the annular fibre core or/and inside is provided with a ring shape groove structure, the annular
The refractive index that the refractive index of fibre core is greater than the central area is greater than the refractive index of ring-shaped groove；The refractive index of the annular fibre core
Greater than the refractive index that the refractive index of covering is greater than ring-shaped groove.
Further, the relative fefractive index difference between the refractive index of ring-shaped groove and the refractive index of the central area is not
More than -1%；Relative fefractive index difference between the refractive index of the ring-shaped groove and the refractive index of the covering is no more than -1%.
Further, the inner ring radius scanning range of annular fibre core be 12 μm~24 μm, ring width scanning range be 1 μm~
6μm。
Further, groove width scanning range is 2 μm~10 μm.
Further, annular fibre core uses the silica doped with germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide or phosphorus pentoxide
Material, doping concentration influence refractive index, and it is bigger to adulterate more refractive index.
Further, covering uses pure silicon dioxide material；The central-region material is identical with the clad material,
Either material similar in other refractive index and cladding index；The ring-shaped groove aoxidizes the two of two boron or fluorine using doping five
Silica material, doping concentration influence refractive index, and it is smaller to adulterate more refractive index.Weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber provided by the invention
It has the following beneficial effects:
(1) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber is using annular core design, and inner ring is bigger, and ring width is smaller, thus guaranteeing
The generation of radial higher order mode is effectively inhibited while multi-channel mode number, is only supported radial single order mode, is effectively subtracted
The small complexity of the supported mode of optical fiber.
(2) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber leads design using weak, i.e. the refringence of fibre core and covering is smaller, this can be reduced
Fibre-optical drawing difficulty caused by high index-contrast and high loss, are compatible with the low-loss single-mode optical fiber and multimode fibre of existing maturation
Drawing process, that is, required fiber draw process relative maturity, can be effectively reduced fibre loss.
(3) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber supports multi-channel mode and is divided into different modular groups.First modular group, 2 modes,
Each 4 modes of remaining modular group, in addition to the first two modular group, remaining modular group all has big refringence (> 10-4), it in this way can former two
It is multiplexed after a modular group combination using 6x6MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode, 4x4MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode is used in remaining each modular group
Multiplexing, low crosstalk is multiplexed between modular group, that is, using small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode in low crosstalk multiplexing between modular group and modular group
It is multiplexed the multiplex mode combined.The multiplex mode has scalability, due to being that small-scale MIMO-DSP is auxiliary always in modular group
Mode multiplexing is helped, it will not be as legacy multimode fiber with the big rule that model number increase needs to sharply increase using complexity
Mould MIMO-DSP technology.
(4) moulds such as linear polarization mode, light swirl pattern or optical fiber eigen mode can be used in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber
Multiplexing is multiplexed in modular group between formula base carries out modular group, and multiplexing is flexible.
(5) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber has similar characteristic within the scope of C+L band broadband, therefore can be with wavelength-division multiplex
Technology is combined more effectively to improve optical communication capability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the corresponding Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the structure；
Fig. 3 is cross-sectional view (the annular fibre core of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type with groove provided by the invention
Outside groove example)；
Fig. 4 is the corresponding Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the structure；
Fig. 5 is the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of the step change type provided by the invention model number supported and (ignores base between modular group
Mould) minimum effective refractive index difference is with wavelength change curve.
Table is first is that 50 modes and modular group that the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type provided by the invention is supported divide signal
Figure；Mode base can choose optical fiber eigen mode, linear polarization mode and light swirl pattern；
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The advantages of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber provided by the invention combines various modes multiplexing fiber-optic supports multichannel mould
Formula reduces fibre loss using weak design of leading, and low crosstalk multiplexing and MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode small-scale in modular group are multiple between modular group
With combining, Support Line polarization mode, light swirl pattern and the multiplexing of optical fiber eigen mode solve present mode multiplexing fiber-optic more
The mode passageway number being widely present is few, big, mode crosstalk is lost greatly thus needs extensive MIMO-DSP technical problem.Specifically
Ground, weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber provided by the invention have the advantages that (1) can support multi-channel mode with effective Lifting Modules
Formula multiplexed communications capacity；(2) use the fiber draw process of the compatible existing maturation of weakly guiding optical fiber design to obtain low loss fiber；
(3) low crosstalk multiplexing and MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode multiplexing small-scale in modular group, the radial height of fiber design removal between comprehensive modular group
Rank mould is multiplexed institute as modular group order increases modular group internal schema only comprising 2 or 4 radial single order modes in each modular group
MIMO-DSP complexity is needed not promoted；(4) moulds such as linear polarization mode, light swirl pattern and optical fiber eigen mode can be used
Formula base carries out multiplexing and the interior multiplexing of modular group between modular group.
A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber provided by the invention includes annular fibre core, central area and covering.Annular fibre core
Relative fefractive index difference between refractive index and cladding index is no more than 1%, and annular fiber core refractive index and central area reflect
Relative fefractive index difference between rate is no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.
In embodiments of the present invention, weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber does not support radial higher order mode, only supports multiple radial directions one
Rank mode and it is divided into different modular groups.First modular group, 2 modes, each 4 modes of remaining modular group, in addition to the first two modular group, remaining
Big refringence (> 10 is all had between modular group-4).Mode base can be linear polarization mode, light swirl pattern and optical fiber eigen mode
Formula.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, the refractive index of annular fibre core, central area and covering is joined
Number relationship are as follows: refractive index > central area refractive index of annular fibre core；Refractive index > covering refractive index of annular fibre core.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, the index distribution of annular fibre core can be step folding
Rate distribution is penetrated, graded--index planar waveguides are also possible to.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, on the outside of annular fibre core or/and inside increases by a ring shape
Low-refraction groove structure, wherein refractive index parameter relationship are as follows: refractive index > central area refractive index > annular of annular fibre core
The refractive index of groove；Refractive index > covering refractive index > ring-shaped groove refractive index of annular fibre core.Ring-shaped groove and center
Domain or cladding index difference are no more than -1%.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, annular fibre core is using doping germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide
The earth silicon material of titanium or phosphorus pentoxide, doping concentration influence refractive index, and it is bigger to adulterate more refractive index.Such as mixing
The earth silicon material of miscellaneous germanium dioxide adulterates germanium dioxide when doping germanium dioxide molar percentage is no more than 9.584%
Relative fefractive index difference between earth silicon material and pure silicon dioxide material is no more than 1%.The inner ring radius of annular fibre core is swept
Can be taken by retouching range by 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width scanning range can take 1 μm~6 μm, can emulate to obtain in this scanning range
Each optical fiber parameter combines the model number supported in lower optical fiber and modular group distribution, therefrom finds the weak of meet demand and leads ring structure
Optical fiber elementary structure parameter；Covering uses pure silicon dioxide material；Central-region material it is identical with clad material or other
Material similar in refractive index and cladding index；Ring-shaped groove is mixed using five two boron of oxidation of doping or the earth silicon material of fluorine
Miscellaneous concentration influences refractive index, and it is smaller to adulterate more refractive index.Groove width scanning range can take 2 μm~10 μm.
Generally, within the scope of each parameter scanning given herein above, between mode passageway number that optical fiber is supported, modular group effectively
Refringence, modular group internal schema effective refractive index difference isotype characteristic have corresponding difference.But, optimal fiber design parameter
In above-mentioned parameter scanning range, radial higher order mode can be inhibited, support multi-channel radial single order mode and be divided into not
Same modular group, first modular group, 2 modes, each 4 modes of remaining modular group all have big in addition to the first two modular group between remaining modular group
Refringence (> 10-4), to guarantee low crosstalk multiplexing and MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode multiplexing small-scale in modular group between modular group.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.It should be noted that for
The explanation of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, is only to provide one of possible specific embodiment, but
And it does not constitute a limitation of the invention.In addition, technology involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below is special
Sign can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in Figure 1, the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of a kind of step change type provided by the invention is by annular fibre core 1, central area 2
It is formed with 3 three parts of covering.Annular 1 region of fibre core is using the earth silicon material for adulterating germanium dioxide, central area 2 and covering
3 use pure silicon dioxide material.Fig. 2 is the Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of the step change type.It is rank in figure
Jump index distribution, can also use graded--index planar waveguides.2 refractive index of central area can also be slightly different from the refraction of covering 3
Rate.Annular 1 refractive index of fibre core is greater than the refractive index of central area 2 or the refractive index of covering 3, annular 1 refractive index of fibre core and center
Region 2 and 3 refringence of covering are no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.The parameter of structure design of the optical fiber includes annular fibre core
1 inner ring radius r1, ring width d and refractive index n1.3 radius of covering takes 62.5 μm.In full vector finite element method, according to right
Each parameter initial ranges of optical fiber are determined in the requirement of model number, it is further true according to the requirement for mode effective refractive index difference
Determine each parameter area of optical fiber, provides the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber elementary structure parameter of meet demand.Specific method be by with
The matlab software that comsol software is connected is to annular 1 inner ring radius r of fibre core1, ring width d and refractive index n1Three variables are one
To determine to carry out branch scanning in range, emulation obtains each optical fiber parameter and combines the model number supported in lower optical fiber and modular group distribution,
Therefrom find the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber elementary structure parameter of meet demand.Wherein, the inner ring radius of annular fibre core 1 scans model
Can be taken by enclosing by 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width scanning range can take 1 μm~6 μm.
As shown in figure 3, the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of a kind of step change type with groove provided by the invention by annular fibre core 1, in
Heart district domain 2, covering 3 and 4 four part of ring-shaped groove composition, carry out example here with groove on the outside of annular fibre core, can also use
Groove or interior outside while groove on the inside of annular fibre core.Annular 1 region of fibre core is using the silica material for adulterating germanium dioxide
Material, central area 2 and covering 3 use pure silicon dioxide material, and ring-shaped groove 4 aoxidizes the titanium dioxide of two boron or fluorine using doping five
Silicon materials.Fig. 4 is the Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of the step change type with groove.It is step-refraction index in figure
Distribution, can also use graded--index planar waveguides.2 refractive index of central area can also be slightly different from 3 refractive index of covering.It is annular fine
1 refractive index of core is greater than 2/ covering of central area, 3 refractive index, annular 1 refractive index of fibre core and 3 refringence of central area 2 and covering
It is no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.Ring-shaped groove 4 and 3 refringence of covering are no more than -1% (on the inside of annular fibre core
Groove situation, ring-shaped groove 4 and 2 refringence of central area are also no more than -1%).The parameter of structure design of the optical fiber includes ring
1 inner ring radius r of shape fibre core1, ring width d1With refractive index n1, 4 ring width d of ring-shaped groove2With refractive index n2.3 radius of covering takes 62.5 μm.
In full vector finite element method, each parameter initial ranges of optical fiber are determined according to the requirement for model number, according to right
Each parameter area of optical fiber is further determined that in the requirement of mode effective refractive index difference, provides the weak lead ring shape structure light of meet demand
Fine elementary structure parameter.Specific method is first to annular 1 inner ring radius r of fibre core1, ring width d1With refractive index n1Three variables are one
Determine to carry out parameter scanning in range, then to 4 ring width d of ring-shaped groove2With refractive index n2Parameter scanning is carried out in a certain range.Its
In, the inner ring radius scanning range of annular fibre core 1 takes 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width scanning range takes 1 μm~6 μm, ring-shaped groove 4
Ring width scanning range is 2 μm~10 μm.
For the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type that the present invention uses, annular fibre core inner and outer ring radius is respectively 20.8 μm
With 25 μm, i.e., ring width be 4.2 μm, cladding radius be 62.5 μm.Annular fibre core and cladding index difference are 0.7%.
To the analog simulation result of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber structure of this step change type as shown in following table one and Fig. 5.
Table one
When emulation wavelength is 1550nm, 50 eigen modes (HE, EH, TE and TM mode) is supported altogether in optical fiber, by suitable
When linear superposition can correspond to the light swirl pattern of 50 linear polarization modes of synthesis and 50 radial single orders.Table one is this 50
Mode division is optical fiber eigen mode group, linear polarization model group and light swirl pattern group's result figure.It can be seen that this 50 modes
13 modular groups, first modular group, 2 modes, each 4 modes of remaining modular group, in addition to the first two modular group, remaining modular group can be divided into
Between all have big refringence (> 10-4), the multiplexing of 6x6MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode can be applied in combination with the first two modular group in this way,
It is multiplexed in remaining each modular group using 4x4MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode, low crosstalk is multiplexed between modular group, that is, using low crosstalk between modular group
Small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode is multiplexed the multiplex mode combined in multiplexing and modular group.The multiplex mode has expansible
Property, it, will not be as legacy multimode fiber with mode due to being small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode multiplexing always in modular group
The extensive MIMO-DSP technology that number increase needs to sharply increase using complexity.Fig. 5 is the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber branch
Minimum effective refractive index difference of (ignoring first modular group) between the model number held and modular group is with wavelength change curve.It can be seen that
Effective refractive index difference is greater than 10 between modular group may be implemented in entire C+L wave band (1530nm to 1625nm)-4, and assemble mode number
Greater than 46.It is multiplexed in this way, low crosstalk multiplexing between modular group on the one hand may be implemented with MIMO-DSP auxiliary mode small-scale in modular group
The multiplex mode combined, on the other hand since C+L band broadband characteristic can be combined with wavelength-division multiplex technique with more effective
Improve optical communication capability.
The present invention is not only limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment, and persons skilled in the art are disclosed interior according to the present invention
Hold, the present invention can be implemented using other a variety of specific embodiments, it is therefore, all using design structure and think of of the invention
Road does the design of some simple variations or change, both falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber characterized by comprising annular fibre core, central area and covering；The annular is fine
Relative fefractive index difference between the refractive index of core and the refractive index of the covering is no more than 1%, and the refraction of the annular fibre core
Relative fefractive index difference between rate and the refractive index of the central area is no more than 1%；The inner ring radius of the annular fibre core is swept
It retouches range and takes 12~24 μm, ring width scanning range is 1 μm~6 μm；The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber only supports multi-channel radial
Single order mode and it is divided into different modular groups；First modular group, 2 modes, each 4 modes of remaining modular group, in addition to the first two modular group,
Effective refractive index difference between complementary modul group is > 10-4。
2. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that mode base is linear polarization mode, light vortex
Mode or optical fiber eigen mode.
3. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the refractive index of the annular fibre core is greater than institute
State the refractive index of central area；The refractive index of the annular fibre core is greater than the refractive index of the covering.
4. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the index distribution of the annular fibre core is
Step-refraction index distribution or graded--index planar waveguides.
5. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that on the outside of the annular fibre core or/and interior
Side is provided with a ring shape groove structure, and the refractive index that the refractive index of the annular fibre core is greater than the central area is greater than annular
The refractive index of groove；The refractive index that the refractive index of the annular fibre core is greater than covering is greater than the refractive index of ring-shaped groove.
6. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the refractive index of the ring-shaped groove with it is described
Relative fefractive index difference between the refractive index of central area is no more than -1%；The refractive index of the ring-shaped groove and the covering
Relative fefractive index difference between refractive index is no more than -1%.
7. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the annular fibre core, which uses, to be mixed
The miscellaneous earth silicon material for having germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide or phosphorus pentoxide.
8. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the covering uses pure silicon dioxide material
Material, the central-region material are identical with the clad material；The ring-shaped groove aoxidizes the two of two boron or fluorine using doping five
Silica material.
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