CN106950644A - A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106950644A CN106950644A CN201710304066.3A CN201710304066A CN106950644A CN 106950644 A CN106950644 A CN 106950644A CN 201710304066 A CN201710304066 A CN 201710304066A CN 106950644 A CN106950644 A CN 106950644A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, including annular fibre core, central area and covering；Annular fibre core is step or gradation type index distribution, and interior outside can aid in low-refraction ring-shaped groove.Annular fibre core is no more than 1% with covering/central area refringence.Ring-shaped groove is no more than 1% with covering/central area refringence.The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber only supports multi-channel radial single order pattern and is divided into different modular groups.Except the first two modular group, remaining modular group is respectively provided with big refringence, entering to have more Digital Signal Processing auxiliary multiplexing with the first two modular group after can combining 6x6 more, 4x4 MIMO DSP auxiliary multiplexing in remaining each modular group, low crosstalk multiplexing and small-scale MIMO DSP auxiliary multiplexings in modular group are combined i.e. between modular group, with scalability.Pattern base can be linear polarization/light vortex/eigen mode.Meanwhile, with C+L band broadband characteristics, it can be combined with wavelength-division multiplex and effectively improve message capacity, compatible existing ripe optical fiber fabrication technology, it is possible to decrease loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical communication field, more particularly, to a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber.
Background technology
Current optic communication is due to well known light wave dimension resource (amplitude, phase, frequency/wavelength, time, polarization)
Exploitation totally shows " new size crisis ".In order to further improve the capacity of optical communication system, space division multiplexing technology is used to solve
The potentiality of certainly following optic communication new size crisis have attracted increasing concern.Space division multiplexing technology utilizes the space dimension of photon
Degree, including mode division multiplexing (that is, mode multiplexing) technology based on less fundamental mode optical fibre, multimode fibre and optical fibre ring etc. and based on many
The core of core fibre point multiplexing technology.Further, it is also possible to which two technologies, which are be combined with each other, further improves space availability ratio and system
Capacity, such as mould multicore, ring-shaped multi-core fiber less.It is multiple carrying out mould point with less fundamental mode optical fibre, multimode fibre and optical fibre ring etc.
Used time, use linear polarization pattern (LP moulds) or orbital angular momentum pattern (OAM moulds, also known as light are vortexed) isotype base.With
The model number propagated in optical fiber increases to be increased with transmission range, under normal circumstances any disturbance factor (optical fiber self character and
Defect and external disturbance) crosstalk between pattern will be caused to be difficult to avoid that, it need to enter have more numeral using complexity in receiving terminal more
Signal transacting (MIMO-DSP) technology is recovered, so as to cause system complexity and cost to raise and power consumption increase.In addition,
Support that model number is few in traditional less fundamental mode optical fibre, it is difficult to meet the demand of multi-channel mode multiplexing effectively lifting message capacity.
Many model numbers can be supported in legacy multimode fiber, numerous patterns can be divided into the modular group being separated from each other, and can use
Low crosstalk is multiplexed between modular group, and but, multiple pattern effective refractive indexs in a modular group are close, and crosstalk is serious, this in modular group
A little patterns still need auxiliary in mode multiplexing with MIMO-DSP technologies, due to there are many difficulties in legacy multimode fiber modular group
With the radial direction higher order mode of multiplexing and demultiplexing, as modular group exponent number increases, the model number in modular group is also more and more, and this causes
MIMO-DSP complexities sharp increase (needing extensive MIMO-DSP technologies) needed for the multiplexing of modular group internal schema, this is very big
Legacy multimode fiber is limited in degree to be multiplexed applied to multi-channel mode.Although optical fibre ring is commonly used to light swirl pattern and answers
With communication, currently in order to reducing the crosstalk between multiple smooth swirl patterns, high index-contrast loop configuration, this design are mainly used
Many challenges are brought because high index-contrast is drawn to optical fiber fabrication technology, the optical fibre ring loss produced is very big, it is impossible to realize
The transmission of relatively long distance.In addition, the polarization maintaining optical fibre separated for eigen mode (HE, EH, TE, TM), such as oval core light
Eigen mode in fibre, optical fiber can also similar linear polarization pattern and light swirl pattern be used as pattern base like that, you can with direct
Eigen mode multiplexed communications are carried out using optical fiber eigen mode, but mode passageway number is relatively limited.
The content of the invention
For the defect of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, it is intended to solves
Mode passageway number that prior art is present is few, loss is big, pattern crosstalk greatly thus need extensive MIMO-DSP technologies etc. to ask
Topic.
The invention provides a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, including：Annular fibre core, central area and covering；The ring
Refractive index contrast between the refractive index of shape fibre core and the refractive index of the covering is no more than 1%, and the annular fibre core
Refractive index contrast between refractive index and the refractive index of the central area is no more than 1%；The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber
Radial direction higher order mode is not supported, is only supported multi-channel radial single order pattern and is divided into different modular groups；First modular group, 2 patterns,
Each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except the first two modular group, the refringence between remaining modular group is equal>10-4。
Further, pattern base is linear polarization pattern, light swirl pattern or optical fiber eigen mode.
Further, the refractive index of annular fibre core is more than the refractive index of the central area；The folding of the annular fibre core
Penetrate the refractive index that rate is more than the covering.
Further, the index distribution of annular fibre core is that step-refraction index is distributed or graded--index planar waveguides.
Further, on the outside of the annular fibre core or/and inner side is provided with a ring shape groove structure, the annular
The refractive index of fibre core is more than refractive index of the refractive index more than ring-shaped groove of the central area；The refractive index of the annular fibre core
Refractive index more than covering is more than the refractive index of ring-shaped groove.
Further, the refractive index contrast between the refractive index of ring-shaped groove and the refractive index of the central area is not
More than -1%；Refractive index contrast between the refractive index of the ring-shaped groove and the refractive index of the covering is no more than -1%.
Further, the inner ring radius sweep limits of annular fibre core be 12 μm~24 μm, ring width sweep limits be 1 μm~
6μm。
Further, groove width sweep limits is 2 μm~10 μm.
Further, annular fibre core uses the silica doped with germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide or phosphorus pentoxide
Material, doping concentration influence refractive index, more refractive indexes of adulterating are bigger.
Further, covering uses pure silicon dioxide material；The central-region material is identical with the clad material,
Or other refractive indexes material close with cladding index；The ring-shaped groove aoxidizes the two of two boron or fluorine using doping five
Silica material, doping concentration influence refractive index, more refractive indexes of adulterating are smaller.The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber that the present invention is provided
Have the advantages that：
(1) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber is using annular core design, and inner ring is than larger, and ring width is smaller, so as to ensure
The generation of radial direction higher order mode is effectively inhibited while multi-channel mode number, radial direction single order pattern is only supported, effectively subtracts
Small optical fiber supports the complexity of pattern.
(2) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber leads design, i.e. fibre core and the refringence of covering is smaller using weak, and this can be reduced
Fibre-optical drawing difficulty caused by high index-contrast and high loss, are compatible with existing ripe low-loss single-mode optical fiber and multimode fibre
Drawing process, that is, required fiber draw process relative maturity, can effectively reduce fibre loss.
(3) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber supports multi-channel mode and is divided into different modular groups.First modular group, 2 patterns,
Each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except the first two modular group, remaining modular group be respectively provided with big refringence (>10-4), so can former two
It is multiplexed after individual modular group combination using 6x6MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes, 4x4MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes is used in remaining each modular group
Low crosstalk is multiplexed between multiplexing, modular group, that is, using small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes in low crosstalk multiplexing between modular group and modular group
It is multiplexed the multiplex mode being combined.The multiplex mode has scalability, due to being that small-scale MIMO-DSP is auxiliary all the time in modular group
Mode multiplexing is helped, the big rule that complexity is sharply increased will not be needed to use with model number increase as legacy multimode fiber
Mould MIMO-DSP technologies.
(4) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber can use the moulds such as linear polarization pattern, light swirl pattern or optical fiber eigen mode
Formula base carries out multiplexing and the interior multiplexing of modular group between modular group, and multiplexing is flexible.
(5) weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber has similar characteristic in the range of C+L band broadbands, therefore can be with wavelength-division multiplex
Technology is combined more effectively to improve optical communication capability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view for the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type that the present invention is provided；
Fig. 2 is the corresponding Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the structure；
Fig. 3 is cross-sectional view (the annular fibre core for the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type with groove that the present invention is provided
Outside groove example)；
Fig. 4 is the corresponding Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the structure；
Fig. 5 is the model number that the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type that the present invention is provided is supported and (ignores base between modular group
Mould) minimum effective refractive index difference is with wavelength change curve.
Table one is that 50 patterns and modular group that the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type that the present invention is provided is supported divide signal
Figure；Pattern base can select optical fiber eigen mode, linear polarization pattern and light swirl pattern；
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber that the present invention is provided combines the advantage of various modes multiplexing fiber-optic, supports multichannel mould
Formula, design reduction fibre loss is led using weak, and low crosstalk multiplexing is answered with small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes in modular group between modular group
With being combined, Support Line polarization mode, light swirl pattern and the multiplexing of optical fiber eigen mode solve present mode multiplexing fiber-optic more
The mode passageway number that is widely present is few, loss is big, pattern crosstalk greatly thus needs extensive MIMO-DSP technical problems.Specifically
Ground, the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber that the present invention is provided has the following advantages that：(1) multi-channel mode can be supported with effective Lifting Modules
Formula multiplexed communications capacity；(2) the compatible existing ripe fiber draw process of weakly guiding optical fiber design is used to obtain low loss fiber；
(3) low crosstalk multiplexing and small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes multiplexing in modular group between comprehensive modular group, fiber design removes radially height
2 or 4 radial direction single order patterns are only included in rank mould, each modular group, institute is multiplexed as modular group exponent number increases modular group internal schema
Needing MIMO-DSP complexities will not be lifted；(4) moulds such as linear polarization pattern, light swirl pattern and optical fiber eigen mode can be used
Formula base carries out multiplexing and the interior multiplexing of modular group between modular group.
A kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber that the present invention is provided includes annular fibre core, central area and covering.Annular fibre core
Refractive index contrast between refractive index and cladding index is no more than 1%, and annular fiber core refractive index is reflected with central area
Refractive index contrast between rate is no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.
In embodiments of the present invention, weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber does not support radial direction higher order mode, only supports multiple radial directions one
Rank pattern and it is divided into different modular groups.First modular group, 2 patterns, each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except the first two modular group, remaining
Be respectively provided between modular group big refringence (>10-4).Pattern base can be linear polarization pattern, light swirl pattern and optical fiber eigen mode
Formula.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, the refractive index ginseng of annular fibre core, central area and covering
Number relations be：The refractive index of annular fibre core>The refractive index of central area；The refractive index of annular fibre core>The refractive index of covering.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, the index distribution of annular fibre core can be step folding
Penetrate rate distribution or graded--index planar waveguides.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, on the outside of annular fibre core or/and inner side increases by a ring shape
Low-refraction groove structure, wherein refractive index parameter relation is：The refractive index of annular fibre core>The refractive index of central area>Annular
The refractive index of groove；The refractive index of annular fibre core>The refractive index of covering>The refractive index of ring-shaped groove.Ring-shaped groove and center
Domain or cladding index difference are no more than -1%.
In embodiments of the present invention, in weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, annular fibre core is using doping germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide
The earth silicon material of titanium or phosphorus pentoxide, doping concentration influence refractive index, more refractive indexes of adulterating are bigger.For example for mixing
The earth silicon material of miscellaneous germanium dioxide, when doping germanium dioxide molar percentage is no more than 9.584%, doping germanium dioxide
Refractive index contrast between earth silicon material and pure silicon dioxide material is no more than 1%.The inner ring radius of annular fibre core is swept
Can be taken by retouching scope by 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width sweep limits can take 1 μm~6 μm, can emulate and obtain in this sweep limits
The model number supported in each lower optical fiber of optical fiber parameter combination and modular group distribution, therefrom find the weak of the demand of satisfaction and lead loop configuration
Optical fiber elementary structure parameter；Covering uses pure silicon dioxide material；Central-region material is identical with clad material, or other
The refractive index material close with cladding index；Ring-shaped groove aoxidizes the earth silicon material of two boron or fluorine using doping five, mixes
Miscellaneous concentration influences refractive index, and more refractive indexes of adulterating are smaller.Groove width sweep limits can take 2 μm~10 μm.
Generally, in the range of each parameter scanning given herein above, between mode passageway number that optical fiber is supported, modular group effectively
The poor isotype characteristic of refringence, modular group internal schema effective refractive index has corresponding difference.But, optimal fiber design parameter
In above-mentioned parameter sweep limits, radial direction higher order mode can be suppressed, multi-channel radial single order pattern is supported and be divided into not
Same modular group, first modular group, 2 patterns, each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except the first two modular group, are respectively provided with big between remaining modular group
Refringence (>10-4), so as to ensure low crosstalk multiplexing and small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes multiplexing in modular group between modular group.
The embodiment to the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Herein it should be noted that for
The explanation of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, is only to provide the possible specific embodiment of one of which, but
Do not constitute limitation of the invention.In addition, technology involved in each embodiment of invention described below is special
It can be just mutually combined as long as levying and do not constitute each other conflict.
As shown in figure 1, the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of a kind of step change type that the present invention is provided is by annular fibre core 1, central area 2
With the part of covering 3 three composition.The annular region of fibre core 1 uses the earth silicon material of doping germanium dioxide, central area 2 and covering
3 use pure silicon dioxide material.Fig. 2 is the Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of the step change type.It is rank in figure
Jump index distribution, it would however also be possible to employ graded--index planar waveguides.The refractive index of central area 2 can also be slightly different from covering 3 and reflect
Rate.The annular refractive index of fibre core 1 is more than the refractive index of central area 2 or the refractive index of covering 3, the annular refractive index of fibre core 1 and center
Region 2 and the refringence of covering 3 are no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.The parameter of structure design of the optical fiber includes annular fibre core
1 inner ring radius r1, ring width d and refractive index n1.The radius of covering 3 takes 62.5 μm.In full vector finite element method, according to right
Each parameter initial ranges of optical fiber are determined in the requirement of model number, it is further true according to the requirement for pattern effective refractive index difference
Determine each parameter area of optical fiber, provide the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber elementary structure parameter of the demand of satisfaction.Specific method be by with
The matlab softwares that comsol softwares are connected are to the annular inner ring radius r of fibre core 11, ring width d and refractive index n1Three variables are one
Determine to carry out branch scanning in scope, emulation obtains model number and the modular group distribution supported in the lower optical fiber of each optical fiber parameter combination,
Therefrom find the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber elementary structure parameter of the demand of satisfaction.Wherein, the inner ring radius scanning model of annular fibre core 1
Can be taken by enclosing by 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width sweep limits can take 1 μm~6 μm.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type with groove that provides of the present invention by annular fibre core 1, in
Heart district domain 2, covering 3 and the part of ring-shaped groove 4 four composition, carry out example with groove on the outside of annular fibre core here, it would however also be possible to employ
Groove or interior outside are while groove on the inside of annular fibre core.The annular region of fibre core 1 uses the silica material of doping germanium dioxide
Material, central area 2 and covering 3 use pure silicon dioxide material, and ring-shaped groove 4 aoxidizes the titanium dioxide of two boron or fluorine using doping five
Silicon materials.Fig. 4 is the Refractive Index of Material distribution map of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of the step change type with groove.It is step-refraction index in figure
Distribution, it would however also be possible to employ graded--index planar waveguides.The refractive index of central area 2 can also be slightly different from the refractive index of covering 3.It is annular fine
The refractive index of core 1 is more than the refractive index of 2/ covering of central area 3, the annular refractive index of fibre core 1 and central area 2 and the refringence of covering 3
It is no more than 1%, as weakly guiding optical fiber.Ring-shaped groove 4 is with the refringence of covering 3 no more than -1% (on the inside of annular fibre core
Groove situation, ring-shaped groove 4 is also no more than -1% with the refringence of central area 2).The parameter of structure design of the optical fiber includes ring
The inner ring radius r of shape fibre core 11, ring width d1With refractive index n1, the ring width d of ring-shaped groove 42With refractive index n2.The radius of covering 3 takes 62.5 μm.
In full vector finite element method, each parameter initial ranges of optical fiber are determined according to the requirement for model number, according to right
Each parameter area of optical fiber is further determined that in the requirement of pattern effective refractive index difference, the weak lead ring shape structure light of the demand of satisfaction is provided
Fine elementary structure parameter.Specific method is first to the annular inner ring radius r of fibre core 11, ring width d1With refractive index n1Three variables are one
Determine to carry out parameter scanning in scope, then to the ring width d of ring-shaped groove 42With refractive index n2Parameter scanning is carried out within the specific limits.Its
In, the inner ring radius sweep limits of annular fibre core 1 takes 12 μm~24 μm, and ring width sweep limits takes 1 μm~6 μm, ring-shaped groove 4
Ring width sweep limits is 2 μm~10 μm.
The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber of step change type used for the present invention, annular fibre core inner and outer ring radius is respectively 20.8 μm
It it is 4.2 μm with 25 μm, i.e. ring width, cladding radius is 62.5 μm.Annular fibre core and cladding index are poor for 0.7%.
To the analog simulation result of the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber structure of this step change type as shown in following table one and Fig. 5.
Table one
When emulating wavelength for 1550nm, 50 eigen modes (HE, EH, TE and TM pattern) are supported altogether in optical fiber, by suitable
When linear superposition can correspond to the light swirl pattern of 50 linear polarization patterns of synthesis and 50 radial direction single orders.Table one is this 50
Mode division is optical fiber eigen mode group, linear polarization model group and light swirl pattern group's result figure.It can be seen that, this 50 patterns
13 modular groups, first modular group, 2 patterns, each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except the first two modular group, remaining modular group can be divided into
Between be respectively provided with big refringence (>10-4), the multiplexing of 6x6MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes can so be applied in combination with the first two modular group, its
It is multiplexed in remaining each modular group using 4x4MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes, low crosstalk is multiplexed between modular group, that is, using low crosstalk between modular group
The multiplex mode that small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes multiplexing is combined in multiplexing and modular group.The multiplex mode has expansible
Property, will not be as legacy multimode fiber with pattern due to being small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes multiplexing all the time in modular group
Number increase needs to use the extensive MIMO-DSP technologies that complexity is sharply increased.Fig. 5 is the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber branch
(ignoring first modular group) between the model number and modular group held, minimum effective refractive index is poor with wavelength change curve.It can be seen that,
Effective refractive index difference is more than 10 between whole C+L wave bands (1530nm to 1625nm) can realize modular group-4, and assemble mode number
More than 46.So, low crosstalk multiplexing is multiplexed with small-scale MIMO-DSP auxiliary modes in modular group between on the one hand can realizing modular group
The multiplex mode being combined, on the other hand because C+L band broadbands characteristic can be combined with more effective with wavelength-division multiplex technique
Improve optical communication capability.
The present invention is not only limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and persons skilled in the art are according to disclosed by the invention interior
Hold, the present invention can be implemented using other a variety of embodiments, therefore, every design structure and think of using the present invention
Road, does some simple designs for changing or changing, both falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber, it is characterised in that including：Annular fibre core, central area and covering；The annular is fine
Refractive index contrast between the refractive index of core and the refractive index of the covering is no more than 1%, and the refraction of the annular fibre core
Refractive index contrast between rate and the refractive index of the central area is no more than 1%；The weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber is only propped up
Hold multi-channel radial single order pattern and be divided into different modular groups；First modular group, 2 patterns, each 4 patterns of remaining modular group, except preceding
Effective refractive index difference between two modular groups, remaining modular group is>10-4。
2. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that pattern base is linear polarization pattern, light vortex
Pattern or optical fiber eigen mode.
3. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the refractive index of the annular fibre core is more than institute
State the refractive index of central area；The refractive index of the annular fibre core is more than the refractive index of the covering.
4. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the index distribution of the annular fibre core is
Step-refraction index is distributed or graded--index planar waveguides.
5. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that on the outside of the annular fibre core or/and interior
Side is provided with a ring shape groove structure, and the refractive index of the annular fibre core is more than the refractive index of the central area more than annular
The refractive index of groove；The refractive index of the annular fibre core is more than refractive index of the refractive index more than ring-shaped groove of covering.
6. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the refractive index of the ring-shaped groove with it is described
Refractive index contrast between the refractive index of central area is no more than -1%；The refractive index of the ring-shaped groove and the covering
Refractive index contrast between refractive index is no more than -1%.
7. the weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as described in claim any one of 1-6, it is characterised in that the annular fibre core, which is used, to be mixed
The miscellaneous earth silicon material for having germanium dioxide or titanium dioxide or a phosphorus pentoxide.
8. weak lead ring shape structured optical fiber as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the covering uses pure silicon dioxide material
Material, the central-region material is identical with the clad material, or other refractive indexes material close with cladding index；
The ring-shaped groove aoxidizes the earth silicon material of two boron or fluorine using doping five.
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