CN106950525A - A kind of pulse low current calibrating installation - Google Patents
A kind of pulse low current calibrating installation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高电压及气体放电领域，特别涉及能产生及校准毫安或微安级脉冲小电流的实验装置。The invention relates to the field of high voltage and gas discharge, in particular to an experimental device capable of generating and calibrating milliampere or microampere pulse small currents.
背景技术Background technique
电晕放电是发生在非均匀电场中的局域自持放电。电晕放电通常由一系列单个的放电脉冲组成，放电脉冲的重复率很高；电晕放电可产生高频脉冲电流，是一种重要的电磁干扰源。电力系统中高压输电线路导线上的电晕不仅会引起线路的电能损耗，同时会产生较强的无线电干扰和可听噪声，对周围的电磁环境产生影响。其它高压装置如电机、变压器、气体绝缘变电站等电气设备的电晕放电或局部放电也会对设备的运行及寿命产生重要的影响。Corona discharge is a localized self-sustained discharge that occurs in a non-uniform electric field. Corona discharge usually consists of a series of single discharge pulses with a high repetition rate; corona discharge can generate high-frequency pulse current and is an important source of electromagnetic interference. The corona on the wires of high-voltage transmission lines in the power system will not only cause the power loss of the line, but also generate strong radio interference and audible noise, which will affect the surrounding electromagnetic environment. Corona discharge or partial discharge of other high-voltage devices such as motors, transformers, gas-insulated substations and other electrical equipment will also have an important impact on the operation and life of the equipment.
电晕放电产生的高频脉冲电流有幅值小、脉冲快、重复频率高等特点，单个放电脉冲的上升沿一般为几纳秒至几十纳秒，脉冲宽度一般为几十纳秒至几百纳秒，脉冲电流的幅值一般为微安至毫安级。电晕电流的脉冲和幅值特性和电晕放电的极性及其它实验及环境条件有关，但由于电晕放电的不稳定性，即使是同一实验条件和环境，电晕电流的脉冲特性也不尽相同。因此，电晕电流测量装置的校准至关重要。The high-frequency pulse current generated by corona discharge has the characteristics of small amplitude, fast pulse, and high repetition frequency. The rising edge of a single discharge pulse is generally several nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds, and the pulse width is generally tens of nanoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds. In nanoseconds, the amplitude of the pulse current is generally in the microampere to milliampere level. The pulse and amplitude characteristics of corona current are related to the polarity of corona discharge and other experimental and environmental conditions, but due to the instability of corona discharge, even under the same experimental conditions and environment, the pulse characteristics of corona current are different. all the same. Therefore, the calibration of corona current measuring devices is crucial.
常见的电晕电流测量方法或装置主要有罗氏线圈、取样电阻、同轴分流器等。目前电晕电流或其它脉冲小电流测量中存在的问题如下：电流幅值小，放电稳定性差，容易受外界干扰，且电流的重复性较差；放电脉冲快，对测量系统的高频响应要求较高；测量方法多，但由于缺乏有效的校准手段，测量数据对比性较差。Common corona current measurement methods or devices mainly include Rogowski coils, sampling resistors, coaxial shunts, etc. At present, the problems existing in the measurement of corona current or other pulsed small currents are as follows: the current amplitude is small, the discharge stability is poor, it is easy to be disturbed by the outside world, and the repeatability of the current is poor; the discharge pulse is fast, and the high frequency response of the measurement system is required. High; there are many measurement methods, but due to the lack of effective calibration means, the contrast of measurement data is poor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决目前通过电晕或其它放电形式产生脉冲小电流的不稳定及不可控性，提供一种参数稳定可控的脉冲小电流发生及校准装置。该脉冲小电流校准装置可产生毫安至微安级脉冲电流，脉冲参数及电流幅值可通过脉冲发生器和限流电阻控制，可产生不同参数的脉冲小电流，并用于脉冲小电流测量系统的校准。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the instability and uncontrollability of pulse small current generated by corona or other discharge forms, and provide a pulse small current generation and calibration device with stable and controllable parameters. The pulse small current calibration device can generate milliampere to microampere level pulse current, pulse parameters and current amplitude can be controlled by pulse generator and current limiting resistor, can generate pulse small current with different parameters, and used in pulse small current measurement system calibration.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种脉冲小电流校准装置，包括：脉冲发生器、金属腔体、内导体A、限流电阻、内导体B、同轴分流器和罗氏线圈；其中，A pulse small current calibration device, comprising: a pulse generator, a metal cavity, an inner conductor A, a current limiting resistor, an inner conductor B, a coaxial shunt and a Rogowski coil; wherein,
所述内导体A、限流电阻、内导体B和同轴分流器依次连接并置于金属腔体的内部，罗氏线圈套装在限流电阻上；所述内导体A连接脉冲发生器，同轴分流器和罗氏线圈测量的电流信号通过电缆与示波器连接。The inner conductor A, the current-limiting resistor, the inner conductor B and the coaxial shunt are sequentially connected and placed inside the metal cavity, and the Rogowski coil is set on the current-limiting resistor; the inner conductor A is connected to the pulse generator, coaxial The current signal measured by the shunt and the Rogowski coil is connected with the oscilloscope through the cable.
进一步的，所述金属腔体接地或与脉冲发生器的接地端连接。Further, the metal cavity is grounded or connected to the ground terminal of the pulse generator.
进一步的，所述金属腔体包括前端盖、主腔体和后端盖，所述前端盖上固定有BNC接头，所述内导体A通过BNC接头连接脉冲发生器；所述同轴分流器包括高压端和BNC接头端，所述高压端连接内导体B，所述BNC接头端用于将测量的电流信号通过电缆引出。Further, the metal cavity includes a front end cover, a main cavity and a rear end cover, a BNC joint is fixed on the front end cover, and the inner conductor A is connected to the pulse generator through a BNC joint; the coaxial shunt includes A high voltage end and a BNC connector end, the high voltage end is connected to the inner conductor B, and the BNC connector end is used to lead out the measured current signal through the cable.
进一步的，所述金属腔体中部设有圆孔A，与所述罗氏线圈连接的电缆通过金属腔体上的圆孔A引出。Further, a circular hole A is provided in the middle of the metal cavity, and the cables connected to the Rogowski coil are led out through the circular hole A on the metal cavity.
进一步的，所述金属腔体的后端盖通过铰接与主腔体连接，所述后端盖中间设有圆孔B，用于引出同轴分流器的BNC接头。Further, the rear end cover of the metal cavity is connected to the main cavity through hinges, and a round hole B is provided in the middle of the rear end cover for leading out the BNC connector of the coaxial shunt.
进一步的，所述金属腔体、内导体A、限流电阻、内导体B和同轴分流器共同组成同轴结构，该同轴结构的外径为金属腔体的外径，该同轴结构的内径为内导体A或内导体B的直径。所述金属腔体、内导体A、限流电阻、内导体B和同轴分流器所组成的同轴结构的特性阻抗与脉冲发生器输出电缆的特性阻抗相同。所述同轴结构的内、外直径尺寸决定于该同轴结构的特征阻抗。Further, the metal cavity, the inner conductor A, the current limiting resistor, the inner conductor B and the coaxial shunt together form a coaxial structure, the outer diameter of the coaxial structure is the outer diameter of the metal cavity, and the coaxial structure The inner diameter of is the diameter of inner conductor A or inner conductor B. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial structure composed of the metal cavity, the inner conductor A, the current limiting resistor, the inner conductor B and the coaxial shunt is the same as that of the output cable of the pulse generator. The inner and outer diameters of the coaxial structure are determined by the characteristic impedance of the coaxial structure.
进一步的，所述的脉冲发生器为可输出参数可调的脉冲波形的发生器或脉冲电源，所述脉冲发生器通过同轴电缆输出脉冲信号。Further, the pulse generator is a generator or a pulse power supply capable of outputting a pulse waveform with adjustable parameters, and the pulse generator outputs a pulse signal through a coaxial cable.
进一步的，所述限流电阻为高频无感棒形陶瓷电阻，其直径和内导体A/内导体B的直径相同或相近；所述限流电阻的频率响应范围决定于脉冲发生器输出的脉冲波形，其频率响应上限不小于输出脉冲上升沿(t)的1/4t。Further, the current-limiting resistor is a high-frequency non-inductive rod-shaped ceramic resistor, and its diameter is the same as or similar to that of the inner conductor A/inner conductor B; the frequency response range of the current-limiting resistor is determined by the pulse generator output Pulse waveform, the upper limit of its frequency response is not less than 1/4t of the rising edge (t) of the output pulse.
进一步的，所述脉冲发生器通过同轴电缆和前端盖上位于金属腔体外部的BNC接头的一端连接，BNC接头位于金属腔体内部的中心导体和内导体A的一端相连，内导体A的另一端和限流电阻的一端相连，限流电阻的另一端与内导体B一端相连，内导体B另一端与同轴分流器的高压端相连，同轴分流器的BNC接头端用于将测量的电流信号通过电缆引出。Further, the pulse generator is connected to one end of the BNC connector located outside the metal cavity on the front end cover through a coaxial cable, and the center conductor located inside the metal cavity of the BNC connector is connected to one end of the inner conductor A, and the inner conductor A The other end is connected to one end of the current limiting resistor, the other end of the current limiting resistor is connected to one end of the inner conductor B, the other end of the inner conductor B is connected to the high voltage end of the coaxial shunt, and the BNC connector end of the coaxial shunt is used to measure The current signal is drawn out through the cable.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明根据需要产生或校准的脉冲电流波形确定脉冲发生器的输出脉冲参数，由限流电阻确定输出脉冲的幅值，同轴结构可避免脉冲信号传输时的反射，同时可避免外界环境对脉冲小电流的干扰。同轴分流器和罗氏线圈用于测量回路中的脉冲小电流，比较测量的电流波形和脉冲发生器的输出脉冲信号，可实现对同轴分流器和罗氏线圈的校准和标定。The invention determines the output pulse parameters of the pulse generator according to the pulse current waveform generated or calibrated according to the needs, and the amplitude of the output pulse is determined by the current-limiting resistor. Interference with small currents. The coaxial shunt and Rogowski coil are used to measure the small pulse current in the circuit, and the measured current waveform is compared with the output pulse signal of the pulse generator to realize the calibration and calibration of the coaxial shunt and Rogowski coil.
利用本发明所述脉冲小电流校准装置，可产生稳定可控的毫安至微安级脉冲电流，可实现脉冲小电流测量装置的校准和标定，用于电晕放电、局部放电及其它产生脉冲小电流的放电中电流测量系统的校准。The pulse small current calibration device of the present invention can generate stable and controllable milliampere to microampere pulse currents, and can realize the calibration and calibration of pulse small current measurement devices, which are used for corona discharge, partial discharge and other pulses generated Calibration of current measurement systems in small current discharges.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述脉冲小电流校准装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pulse small current calibration device of the present invention;
其中，1-脉冲发生器，2-金属腔体，31-内导体A，32-内导体B，4-限流电阻，5-同轴分流器，6-罗氏线圈。Among them, 1-pulse generator, 2-metal cavity, 31-inner conductor A, 32-inner conductor B, 4-current limiting resistor, 5-coaxial shunt, 6-Rogowski coil.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
一种脉冲小电流校准装置，如图1所示，包括：脉冲发生器1、金属腔体2、内导体A31、限流电阻4、内导体B32、同轴分流器5和罗氏线圈6；其中，A pulse small current calibration device, as shown in Figure 1, includes: a pulse generator 1, a metal cavity 2, an inner conductor A31, a current limiting resistor 4, an inner conductor B32, a coaxial shunt 5 and a Rogowski coil 6; wherein ,
所述内导体A31、限流电阻4、内导体B32和同轴分流器5依次连接并置于金属腔体2的内部，罗氏线圈6套装在限流电阻4上；所述内导体A31连接脉冲发生器1，同轴分流器5和罗氏线圈6测量的电流信号通过电缆与示波器连接。所述金属腔体2接地或与脉冲发生器的接地端连接。所述金属腔体2、内导体A31、限流电阻4、内导体B32和同轴分流器5共同组成同轴结构。所述同轴结构的特性阻抗与脉冲发生器1输出电缆的特性阻抗相同。The inner conductor A31, the current limiting resistor 4, the inner conductor B32 and the coaxial shunt 5 are sequentially connected and placed inside the metal cavity 2, and the Rogowski coil 6 is set on the current limiting resistor 4; the inner conductor A31 is connected to the pulse The current signals measured by the generator 1, the coaxial shunt 5 and the Rogowski coil 6 are connected to an oscilloscope through cables. The metal cavity 2 is grounded or connected to the ground terminal of the pulse generator. The metal cavity 2, the inner conductor A31, the current limiting resistor 4, the inner conductor B32 and the coaxial shunt 5 together form a coaxial structure. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial structure is the same as that of the pulse generator 1 output cable.
所述金属腔体2包括前端盖、主腔体和后端盖，所述前端盖上固定有BNC接头，所述内导体A31通过BNC接头连接脉冲发生器1；所述同轴分流器5包括高压端和BNC接头端，所述高压端连接内导体B32，所述BNC接头端用于将测量的电流信号通过电缆引出。The metal cavity 2 includes a front end cover, a main cavity and a rear end cover, a BNC joint is fixed on the front end cover, and the inner conductor A31 is connected to the pulse generator 1 through a BNC joint; the coaxial shunt 5 includes A high voltage end and a BNC connector end, the high voltage end is connected to the inner conductor B32, and the BNC connector end is used to lead out the measured current signal through the cable.
所述金属腔体2上设有圆孔A，与所述罗氏线圈6连接的电缆通过金属腔体2上的圆孔A引出。The metal cavity 2 is provided with a circular hole A, and the cable connected to the Rogowski coil 6 is led out through the circular hole A on the metal cavity 2 .
所述金属腔体2的后端盖通过铰接与主腔体连接，所述后端盖中间设有圆孔B，用于引出同轴分流器5的BNC接头。The rear end cover of the metal cavity 2 is connected to the main cavity through hinges, and a round hole B is provided in the middle of the rear end cover for leading out the BNC connector of the coaxial shunt 5 .
所述限流电阻4为高频无感棒形陶瓷电阻；所述限流电阻4的频率响应范围决定于脉冲发生器1输出的脉冲波形，其频率响应上限不小于输出脉冲上升沿(t)的1/4t。The current-limiting resistor 4 is a high-frequency non-inductive rod-shaped ceramic resistor; the frequency response range of the current-limiting resistor 4 is determined by the pulse waveform output by the pulse generator 1, and the upper limit of the frequency response is not less than the rising edge (t) of the output pulse 1/4t.
本实施例以校准幅值10mA、脉冲上升沿10ns、脉冲宽度50ns的电晕电流测量装置为例。脉冲发生器输出脉冲上升沿10ns、脉冲宽度50ns、幅值1V的电压脉冲，限流电阻为棒形陶瓷电阻，阻值100Ω，其频率响应上限应不小于25MHz。脉冲发生器输出电缆的特征阻抗为50Ω，则金属腔体、内导体、限流电阻和同轴分流器构成的同轴结构的特征阻抗为50Ω，特征阻抗和同轴结构内、外直径相关，由此可确定金属腔体和内导体的直径，其中内导体A与内导体B的直径相同。In this embodiment, a corona current measuring device with a calibration amplitude of 10 mA, a pulse rising edge of 10 ns, and a pulse width of 50 ns is taken as an example. The pulse generator outputs a voltage pulse with a rising edge of 10ns, a pulse width of 50ns, and an amplitude of 1V. The current-limiting resistor is a rod-shaped ceramic resistor with a resistance value of 100Ω. The upper limit of its frequency response should not be less than 25MHz. The characteristic impedance of the pulse generator output cable is 50Ω, then the characteristic impedance of the coaxial structure composed of the metal cavity, the inner conductor, the current limiting resistor and the coaxial shunt is 50Ω, and the characteristic impedance is related to the inner and outer diameters of the coaxial structure. From this, the diameters of the metal cavity and the inner conductor can be determined, wherein the inner conductor A and the inner conductor B have the same diameter.
本发明工作过程如下：脉冲发生器通过50Ω特征阻抗的同轴电缆连接至金属腔体前端盖BNC接头，内导体A和100Ω棒形陶瓷限流电阻通过螺纹连接，罗氏线圈套装在限流电阻上，同轴分流器和内导体B通过螺纹连接，内导体A和金属腔体前端盖BNC接头中心导体采用香蕉插头连接。金属腔体内的各部件装好后，合上后端盖，同轴分流器的BNC接头端从后端盖圆孔引出，同轴分流器BNC接头的外导体和后端盖连接，金属腔体接地。The working process of the present invention is as follows: the pulse generator is connected to the BNC connector of the front cover of the metal cavity through a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω, the inner conductor A and the 100Ω rod-shaped ceramic current-limiting resistor are connected through threads, and the Rogowski coil is set on the current-limiting resistor , The coaxial shunt and the inner conductor B are connected by threads, and the inner conductor A and the center conductor of the metal cavity front cover BNC connector are connected by a banana plug. After installing all parts in the metal cavity, close the rear end cover, the BNC connector end of the coaxial shunt is drawn out from the round hole of the rear end cover, the outer conductor of the BNC connector of the coaxial shunt is connected to the rear end cover, and the metal cavity grounded.
调整脉冲发生器，使其输出脉冲上升沿10ns、脉冲宽度50ns、幅值1V的电压脉冲，罗氏线圈和同轴分流器测量的电流信号通过50Ω特征阻抗的同轴电缆连接至示波器，通过比较脉冲发生器的输出脉冲波形和罗氏线圈、同轴分流器测量的电流波形，可实现对罗氏线圈、同轴分流器的校准。Adjust the pulse generator so that it outputs a voltage pulse with a rising edge of 10ns, a pulse width of 50ns, and an amplitude of 1V. The current signal measured by the Rogowski coil and the coaxial shunt is connected to the oscilloscope through a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω. By comparing the pulse The output pulse waveform of the generator and the current waveform measured by the Rogowski coil and the coaxial shunt can realize the calibration of the Rogowski coil and the coaxial shunt.
本发明可产生稳定可控的脉冲小电流信号，可用于不同领域中脉冲小电流测量系统的校准及标定。The invention can generate stable and controllable pulse small current signals, and can be used for calibration and calibration of pulse small current measurement systems in different fields.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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