CN106949922A

CN106949922A - Astronomical measurement apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN106949922A
Application number: CN201610873507.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赖因哈德·戈德
Original assignee: Lange Uhren GmbH
Current assignee: Lange Uhren GmbH
Priority date: 2015-10-01
Filing date: 2016-09-30
Publication date: 2017-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-30
Also published as: DE102015116683A1; CH711629A2; DE102015116683B4; JP2017067782A; CH711629B1; JP6469063B2; CN106949922B

Abstract

, can be by clockwork driving time measurement apparatus the present invention relates to the astronomical measurement apparatus of a kind of sunrise shown in annual period and sunset.The rotation one in every 24 hours of latitude disk energy is enclosed the land to be rotatably driven around central axis, and it can move through fixation mark by rotational motion, and latitude disk has one or more parallels of latitude concentrically arranged with central axis on latitude disk.Geographical width of the radius formation of central axis formation earth polar and one or the maximum parallel of latitude from earth polar to equator.Latitude disk has the wire horizontal cell extended on latitude disk, two free ends of horizontal cell are supported in supporting portion, it is opposite on the hypothesis line intersected with central axis, the intermediate region of horizontal cell is deflected in which can be transverse to the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis so that it 26% is moved among annual period in the 26% of the maximum radius of the parallel of latitude to the side for assuming line maximum deflection and the maximum radius of the parallel of latitude between the maximum deflection for the opposite side for assuming line.

Description

Astronomical measurement apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of astronomical measurement apparatus for being used to show sunrise and sunset in annual period, wherein, Can be by clockwork driving time measurement apparatus.

Background technology

It is known that showing sunrise and sunset by means of disc cam in such astronomical measurement apparatus, its is right Answer the latitude of unique determination of geographical width.

The content of the invention

The task of the present invention is to propose the astronomical measurement apparatus of the beginning type, the time can be shown by it Sunrise and sunset on the corresponding latitude in the place of the observer of measurement apparatus.

According to the present invention, the purpose is achieved in, i.e., latitude disk can rotate one for every 24 hours and enclose the land around central axis energy It is rotatably driven, the latitude disk can move through fixation mark by rotational motion, latitude disk has：It is one or more in latitude The parallel of latitude concentrically arranged with central axis on disk, wherein, central axis formation earth polar and the latitude of one or maximum Geographical width of the radius formation of circle from earth polar to equator；Latitude disk has the horizontal cell of wire, and it extends on latitude disk, Wherein, two free and bearings of horizontal cell are at supporting portion, and these supporting portions are in the hypothesis intersected with central axis Opposite on line, and wherein, the intermediate region of horizontal cell is deflected in which can be transverse to the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis, with So that its among annual period the parallel of latitude maximum radius 26% maximum deflection and the parallel of latitude to the side for assuming line The 26% of maximum radius is moved between the maximum deflection for the opposite side for assuming line.

The rotation of latitude disk accurately need not be enclosed the land driving with rotation one in every 24 hours, and it is accomplished that, it approx can Enclosed the land driving with rotation one in every 24 hours.

The maximum deflection of horizontal cell is based on the inclination of the earth's axis.± 26% is approximation.Accurately, it is maximum latitude Spend ± the 26.04% of the radius of circle.

The 24 of latitude small time domains are divided into two regions by horizontal cell.On the one hand in the region between sunrise and sunset And in region of the another aspect between sunset and sunrise.If observer is under the line, then the daytime between sunrise and sunset Night length between length and sunset and sunrise is always 12 hours exactly, and horizontal cell is linearly at center Extend on axis.For higher latitude, it is extended beyond 12 hours in the summer duration of day, wherein, horizontal cell Intermediate region deflected into from its linear extension in night length areas.Correspondingly, the duration of day is reduced in the middle of the month in winter To less than 12 hours, wherein, the intermediate region of horizontal cell is deflected into day length region from its linear extension.Should The commutation of deflection is carried out at the Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice respectively.It is isometric for day and night, horizontal cell formation straight line.

The duration of day can be read according to the day length region limited by horizontal cell.

The first embodiment of the measurement apparatus is, being capable of cloth in a parallel of latitude of latitude disk or multiple parallels of latitude One or more marks are equipped with, the mark can move through fixation mark, and the position indicated by the rotational motion of latitude disk Putting can adjust with radially changing in the case where the diameter of the parallel of latitude changes.

Mark corresponding to twenty four hours the equally distributed time represent and can observer at that time where latitude It is adjusted on degree by radial direction adjustment along latitude scale.All marks are adjusted to true by all marks of overall adjustment On fixed latitude.The mark opposite with fixation mark shows the average local time respectively.Because the average local time Also the longitude of geographic meridian is corresponded to, so when correctly setting the local time, measurement apparatus is adjusted to according to longitude and latitude On the place of observer.

The duration of day can be read according to the quantity of mark in the day length region limited by horizontal cell.

If multiple marks are 24 marks, then the spacing between mark corresponds to small time interval.By counting Therefore mark in day length region can simply determine the hour of day length.

Latitude disk can have the multiple grooves or seam that therefrom in the heart extend to beta radiation shape corresponding with multiple marks Gap, arranges the pin-shaped identification elements to form mark with radially sliding respectively wherein, wherein, all identification elements can be total Body radially can movably drive.Each suitable common driver is radially slided here, can use.

In order to read the latitude for determining oneself place on latitude disk, it can arrange and radially prolong on latitude disk The latitude scale stretched.

On latitude scale, latitude " 0 ° " preferably corresponds to the concentric parallel of latitude with maximum gauge, and latitude Degree scale radially inwardly extends from latitude " 0 ° ".

Another embodiment of measurement apparatus is that one or more parallels of latitude are fixedly placed on latitude disk.

The parallel of latitude can be accomplished that, in order to determine reading latitude that the place of oneself can be good on latitude disk.

The especially good reading performance in oneself place is enough achieved in, i.e., the parallel of latitude is relative with the spacing of uniform radial direction It is arranged in being fixed to one another on latitude disk.

Here, the spacing of uniform radial direction can be, for example, ten latitudes.

It is further possible to be fixedly arranged polar circle and/or equatorial circumference.

Additionally assist in and oneself place is determined on latitude disk, equably exist from central axis on latitude disk Distribution ground fixed and arranged has the RADIAL of a plurality of expression terrestrial longitude on circumference.

If arranging 24 RADIALs on latitude disk simultaneously, then it forms the hour indexing of one day.

One in RADIAL can represent the first meridian, and UTC (zebra time of coordination) is also determined by it.

Another in RADIAL can represent date line.

In order to quickly and correctly determine the known location on latitude disk, it can be fixedly arranged on latitude disk with good grounds Latitude and the place mark of longitude positioning.

Horizontal cell corresponding theoretical form it is approximate in, horizontal cell can be from linear extension along with The intersecting hypothesis line of heart axis is deflected into the extension of arch.

To this in simple improvement project, horizontal cell is preferably spring band or spring wire.

The time difference is in actual sun time, i.e., actual place time and middle sun time, i.e. intermediate location time Between time difference.The speed of the slight fluctuations for the motion that the reason for time difference is the earth on its elliptic orbit around the sun Spend, keep the fact that approximately self is parallel to be well not orthogonal to orbit plane with it in this year motion with its axis It is true.In detail, the elliptical shape of Earth's orbit result in the cycle gender gap of about ± 7.5 minutes, and the inclined earth's axis Parallel change position cause the cycle gender gap of about ± 10 minutes.Because two periodic portions are phase mutual phase differences , so annual extreme value is about+16 minutes and -14 minutes.

In order to show the actual local time, the supporting portion of horizontal cell can be put in annual period first Around the central shaft string pendulum between 4 ° and 4 ° on the second opposite swaying direction of the first swaying direction on dynamic direction It is dynamic.Here, 4 ° of swing angle is corresponding about 16 minutes.

In this regard, can abreast arrange what can be swung around axis of oscillation before latitude disk in simple improvement project Time difference frame, it, which has, exposes the mark on latitude disk or exposes the parallel of latitude on latitude disk and the viewing opening of RADIAL, And it can be in 4 on the first swaying direction ° and 4 ° of the spaced winding on second swaying direction opposite with the first swaying direction Axis of oscillation swing, wherein, horizontal cell is swingingly driven around central axis by the oscillating motion of time difference frame.

Here, axis of oscillation is preferably central axis.

In order that horizontal cell also participates in the deflection of time difference frame, the support of horizontal cell can be arranged on time difference frame Position.

Feasible scheme for wobble drive time difference frame, which is that time difference disc cam can rotate every year, encloses the land and can rotate Ground drives, the time difference disc cam using its radially around curve track be resisted against the backstop track of the time difference frame seated against On, the time difference frame extends with being transverse to the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis.

The sun can depend on latitude and season higher than horizontal maximum height.It is related to season in order to consider Property, season frame can be abreast arranged before latitude disk, it, which has, exposes mark or the parallel of latitude and radial direction on latitude disk The viewing opening in the region of line, and it exists while the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis can be disposably transverse in annual period Ground driving can be moved between lower extreme point position and upper extreme point position, its middle latitude disk is at Winter Solstice in upper extreme point position and in the summer To when in lower extreme point position.

Being higher than depending on season when the radial position of the mark opposite with mark then shows the sun at noon respectively Horizontal height.

In order to drive season frame, season frame can have the round curve at the center for seating against lift elements (Kreiskurve), the lift elements are the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis can be disposably transverse in annual period under Ground driving can be moved between endpoint location and upper extreme point position.

Here, lift elements can have seat against it is on round curve, parallel to the vacation intersected with central axis If the lifting beam extended, lift arm is respectively disposed with two free end line, wherein, isometric lift arm is parallel to each other Ground extends in dorsad round direction of curve, and is hinged on drive gear respectively with identical radius using its free end On, wherein, it can every year rotate that enclose the land can be rotationally around the drive gear of the pivot axis parallel to central axis Driving.

In order to be higher than horizontal height when combining with saving structure space to actual local time and the sun at noon Display, time difference frame and season frame can be formed by frame part.

It is various higher than horizontal height during in order to carry for showing actual local time and/or the sun at noon Drive mechanism, time difference frame or season frame or frame part can have the carrier board of therefore plane earth connection.

, can be on season frame or frame part higher than the angle of horizontal height during in order to read the sun at noon Time zone master scale is disposed with, it extends with being radially orientated central axis on the region for the mark that can radially change, and Show that the sun in summit is higher than horizontal angle thereon.

It is higher than horizontal height when the position of the mark existed under the master scale of time zone then shows the sun at noon Angle.

In order to realize the supporting portion and highly mobile frame part of horizontal cell, the supporting portion of horizontal cell It can arrange on the adjustment member, it can be guided with adjusting along the linear adjustment guide being parallel to each other of frame part, should Adjustment guide extends perpendicular to the hypothesis line intersected with central axis.

Here, adjustment element can be connected with each other by the connector extended on central axis.

If having pointer in this supporting part, it extends and with perpendicular to the hypothesis line intersected with central axis Heart axis intersects, wherein, the time difference scale being arranged in frame part can be along on the pointer bar being arranged on the free end of pointer Motion, then can just read the current deflection angle depending on the time difference of frame part.

Also for that can read the corresponding time, one or more needle pivots can extend with central axis coaxial, should Needle pivot carries pointer respectively, and its is inswept (ueberstreichen) and the concentric time scale of central axis.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are next described in detail.It is shown in which：

Fig. 1 is the first implementation of the astronomical measurement apparatus with the horizontal cell linearly extended via central axis The elevational perspective view of example,

Fig. 2 is the astronomical measurement apparatus with the horizontal cell deflected into day length region according to Fig. 1 Elevational perspective view,

Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the first disk of the latitude disk being made up of two coaxial disks of the measurement apparatus according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the second disk of the latitude disk being made up of two coaxial disks of the measurement apparatus according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 be the frame part according to Fig. 1 measurement apparatus before adjustment mechanism perspective view,

Fig. 6 be the frame part according to Fig. 1 measurement apparatus before adjustment mechanism other perspective view,

Fig. 7 is with the pointer for inswept time difference scale and the horizontal cell with the measurement apparatus according to Fig. 1 The perspective view for the connector that can rotationally support,

Fig. 8 is the elevational perspective view of the second embodiment of astronomical measurement apparatus.

Embodiment

The astronomical measurement apparatus shown in Fig. 1 to 7 has latitude disk 1, and it is by the first disk 2 and arranges before it The second disk 3 constitute, wherein, the first disk 2 and the second disk 3 are arranged sandwich style each other, and the second disk 3 is relative to fixed First disk 2 can torsionally be adjusted around the central axis 5 at center.

First disk 2 has 24 gaps 4, and 5, the center center line at its radial Di Cong center is evenly distributedly radially Outwardly extend and its spacing represents time of a hour respectively.

Ground boot flag element 6 can be moved radially in gap 4, identification elements are towards the side towards observer of the first disk 8 ground have pin-shaped mark 7, wherein, all marks 7 are always located on the equal radius of central axis 5.

Two guide fingers 10 of identification elements 6 dorsad observer of the second disk 3 of direction from gap 4 with the spacing of radial direction Side 9 is stretched out, and enters in the helicla flute 11 of the second disk 3, wherein, the winding spacing of helicla flute 11 corresponds to two guide fingers 10 spacing.

Torsion by the second disk 3 relative to the first disk 2, mark 7 can maximum gauge the parallel of latitude and minimum diameter Moved between the parallel of latitude.

As especially seen in fig. 1 and 2, the radial direction terrestrial reference on the side 8 towards observer of the second disk 2 Have the latitude scale 12 of geographic latitude, its when at 0 ° corresponding to equator in addition to be radially orientated 90 ° correspond to pole in Heart axis 5 extends.

Driving latitude disk 1 in the clockwise direction by unshowned clockwork, rotation is turned around per twenty four hours.

Frame part 14 is disposed with before the side towards observer of latitude disk 1, it has viewing opening 15, and it exposes Latitude scale 12 and gap 4 and the region for the mark 7 that can radially adjust.

The plane earth of frame part 14 is connected with carrier board 16, and it is parallel to the ground of latitude disk 1 on its dorsad side of observer.

The hypothesis line 13 intersected with central axis 5 is horizontally extending on latitude disk 1.

The hypothesis ground of line 13 can be disposably transverse in annual period in lower extreme point position the formation season frame of frame part 14 Drive with being moved between upper extreme point position, wherein, season frame has upper extreme point position at Winter Solstice and had at the Summer Solstice There are lower extreme point position and the centre position when isometric round the clock between upper and lower endpoint location.

In order to adjust frame part 14, carrier board 16 has the round curve 17 of protrusion on its dorsad side of observer, Thereon regularly against the lifting beam 18 parallel to hypothesis line 13 for having lift elements 19.In two free ends of lifting beam 18 Two isometric lift arms 20 of lift elements 19 are disposed with parallel to each other, and its free end is respectively hinged at drive gear 21 Place, wherein, the drive gear 21 being arranged side by side can be rotated around the pivot center 22 parallel to central axis 5.Drive gear 21 In at least one can every year rotate to enclose the land and rotationally drive.

Lift elements 19 and the formation double-crank transmission of drive gear 21.

By the rotation of drive gear 21, carrier board 16 is driven via the lifting beam 18 seated against at round curve 17 And it is transverse to hypothesis line 13 ground using carrier board and drives frame part 14.

In the seasonal motion of frame part 14, pass through the supporting portion of the horizontal cell 25 of flexible spring band formation 24 two adjustment elements 23 are located in following position, i.e., its is located at and assumed on line 13 oppositely.

The intermediate region of the horizontal cell 25 of two-piece type is configured to circular element 36 (Stadionelement), and traversed by In assuming that the ground of line 13 can among annual period identification elements 6 the parallel of latitude corresponding to equator 26.04% to assume line 13 Side maximum deflection and identification elements 6 the parallel of latitude corresponding to equator 26.04% to the opposite side for assuming line 13 Ground driving can be deflected between maximum deflection.The end of the mutual direction of the two parts of horizontal cell 25 is arranged in circular element At 36.

The domed shape of horizontal cell 25 in deflection.

The region surrounded by mark 7 above horizontal cell 25 is the region between sunrise and sunset, and horizontal cell The region surrounded by mark 7 below 25 is the region between sunset and sunrise, wherein, mark 7 provides the latitude suitable for it. The period on daytime is read by counting the mark 7 on horizontal cell 25 and by counting below horizontal cell 25 Mark 7 reads the period at night.

Summit position of sun scale 26 is disposed with frame part 14, it is towards central axis 5 radially outwardly in energy footpath Extend on to the mark 7 of change, and be shown on mark summit the sun, i.e. at noon the time be higher than it is horizontal Angle.

On the side of the dorsad observer of carrier board 16, the time difference disc cam 27 for driving of enclosing the land can be rotated every year to be turned At the supporting part 34 for being supported on place fixation dynamicly.Pointer 31 is fixedly arranged at supporting part 34, itself and connector 30 Vertically extend with intersecting with central axis 5.On its free end, pointer 31 has around carrier board 16 and frame part 14 On outer peripheral pointer bar 32, the side towards observer for frame part 14 that its is inswept from -15 ' to+15 ' (correspondence about+4 ° To -4 ° of angle of oscillation) time difference scale 33, for reading the time difference.It can also be rotated on the supporting part 34 that the place is fixed Ground supports drive gear 21.Using its radially around curve track 28, time difference disc cam 27, which is regularly resisted against, also to be formed On the backstop track 29 of the frame part 14 of time difference frame, the frame part extends with being transverse to the hypothesis line that intersects with central axis 5.It is logical Cross time difference disc cam 27, frame part 14 in annual period can 4 on the first swaying direction ° and with the first swaying direction phase Can swingingly it be driven around axis of oscillation between 4 ° on the second anti-swaying direction, wherein, transported by the swing of frame part 14 Adjustment element 23 that is dynamic and being resisted against at the adjustment guide 35 of frame part 14 equally can swingingly drive around central axis 5 Horizontal cell 25.4 ° of angle of oscillation is corresponded approximately to 16 minutes.The adjustment guide 35 being parallel to each other perpendicular to central shaft The intersecting hypothesis line 13 of line 5 extends.

The two adjustment elements 23 are connected with each other by the connector 30 extended on central axis 5.

The embodiment of astronomical measurement apparatus shown in Fig. 8 has latitude disk 1 ', its footpath on the side towards observer To ground carry geographic latitude latitude scale 12 ', its when at 0 ° correspond to equator in addition to radially outward towards at 90 ° when Extend corresponding to the central axis 5 ' of pole.

Driving latitude disk 1 ' in the clockwise direction by unshowned clockwork, rotation is turned around per twenty four hours.

Frame part 14 ' is disposed with before the side towards observer of latitude disk 1 ', it has viewing opening 15 ', and its is sudden and violent Expose the region of latitude scale 12 '.

The hypothesis line 13 ' intersected with central axis 5 ' is horizontally extending on latitude disk 1 '.

Can disposably it be transverse in annual period with assuming line 13 ' in lower extreme point position the formation season frame of frame part 14 ' Put and drive with being moved between upper extreme point position, as described by Fig. 1 to 7 embodiment.

In the seasonal motion of frame part 14 ', pass through the support of the horizontal cell 25 ' of flexible spring band formation Two adjustment elements 23 ' of position 24 ' are located in following position, i.e., its is located at and assumed on line 13 ' oppositely.

The intermediate region of the horizontal cell 25 ' of two-piece type is configured to circular element 36 ', and with being transverse to hypothesis line 13 ' Can among annual period the parallel of latitude corresponding to equator 26.04% to the side for assuming line 13 ' maximum deflection and correspondingly 26.04% in the parallel of latitude in equator drives in which can deflect between the maximum deflection of the opposite side of hypothesis line 13 '.Horizontal cell The end of the mutual direction of 25 ' the two parts is arranged on circular element 36 '.

The domed shape of horizontal cell 25 ' in deflection.

The parallel of latitude 37 ' is concentrically applied with the spacing of ten latitudes and central axis 5 ' on latitude disk 1 ', wherein, radially The parallel of latitude 37 ' of outermost corresponds to equator.Additionally apply polar circle 38 ' after the parallel of latitude 37 ' in radially inner most apply.

In addition, being represented on latitude disk 1 ' from central axis 5 ' using 24 with being equably circumferentially distributed The RADIAL 39 ' of terrestrial longitude.

Therefore the net of the parallel of latitude 37 ' and RADIAL 39 ' is obtained, observer can determine it according to longitude and latitude wherein Current place.

One in RADIAL 39 ' represents the first meridian 40 ', in this place applicable zebra time (UTC), and other The RADIAL 37 ' opposite with the first meridian represents date line 41 '.The correspondence zero point of RADIAL 37 ' of correspondence date line 41 '. From the zero point RADIAL it is that ensuing RADIAL 37 ' increases ground and sets hour to mark 1 to 23 in clockwise.

In addition, by the place mark 42 of known location ' it is applied on latitude disk 1 '.

In the area above of horizontal cell 25 ' it is the region between sunrise and sunset, and in horizontal cell 25 ' below Region is the region between sunset and sunrise.The time on daytime is read by the RADIAL 39 ' counted in horizontal cell 25 ' above Section and the period that night is read by counting the RADIAL 39 ' below horizontal cell 25.

Summit position of sun scale 26 ' is disposed with the place of frame part 14 ', it is towards central axis 5 ' radially outwardly in latitude Extend on degree circle 37 ', and be shown at thereon summit the sun, i.e. at noon the time higher than horizontal angle.

The embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 7 is not shown, on the side of the dorsad observer of carrier board, can every year revolve and turn around The time difference disc cam of ground driving can be rotatably supported at the support office of place fixation.It is fixedly arranged in support office Pointer 31 ', it extends with intersecting with central axis 5 '.On its free end, pointer 31 ' has around carrier board and frame part On 14 ' outer peripheral pointer bar 32 ', the side towards observer for frame part 14 ' that pointer bar is inswept from -15 ' to+15 ' it is (right Should about+4 ° to -4 ° of angle of rotation) time difference scale 33 ', for the reading time difference.Utilize unshowned corresponding diagram 1 to 7 The mechanism of embodiment, frame part 14 ' can be in 4 on the first swaying direction ° and opposite with the first swaying direction in annual period The second swaying direction on 4 ° between can swingingly be driven around axis of oscillation, wherein, can be transported by the swing of frame part 14 ' The adjustment element 23 ' at the place of adjustment guide 35 ' that is dynamic and being resisted against frame part 14 ' equally can be swingingly around central axis 5 ' Drive horizontal cell 25 '.4 ° of angle of oscillation correspondence about 15 minutes.The adjustment guide 35 ' being parallel to each other is perpendicular to in The intersecting hypothesis line of heart axis 5 ' 13 ' extends.

The two adjustment elements 23 ' are connected with each other by the unshowned connector extended by central axis 5 '.

Have for Fig. 8 embodiment for reading the two of the time of sunrise, summit or sunset kinds of feasible schemes.

Feasible scheme 1.

When wanting to read the time of sunrise, summit or sunset for one in for place indicating, it can apply The feasible scheme.Indicate in place to use in the example in " Ge Lasudi " and season in summer it means that, the applicable world there Time (UTC)+2.Latitude disk 1 ' is adjusted as follows, to cause the RADIAL that there is hour to mark 14 (12+2) during at ten two at noon 39 ' are oriented vertically upwardly on pointer bar 32 '.Now, when the place mark for being provided with " Ge Lasudi " crosses horizontal cell 25 ' When, show sunrise or sunset.When the place mark for being provided with " Ge Lasudi " crosses sun summit scale 26 ', display top Point position.

Feasible scheme 2.

When wanting to read the time of sunrise, summit or sunset for being not provided with the place of place mark 42, The feasible scheme can be applied.

Latitude disk 1 ' is adjusted as follows, with the radial direction for the date line 41 ' for during at ten two at noon to mark zero with hour Line is oriented vertically upwardly on pointer bar 32 '.

The point for being suitable for the latitude of observer is found according to the related parallel of latitude 37 ' on the longitude of date line 41 '.When this point When crossing horizontal cell 25 ', it is the time point of sunrise or sunset.When the point crosses sun summit scale 26 ', its It is the time point of sun vertex position.Elapsed time can be read directly at hour mark untill knowing the moment.

Reference numerals list

1 latitude disk

1 ' latitude disk

2 first disks

3 second disks

4 gaps

5 central axis

5 ' central axis

6 identification elements

7 marks

8 towards the side of observer

The side of 9 dorsad observers

10 guide fingers

11 helicla flutes

12 latitude scales

12 ' latitude scales

13 assume line

13 ' assume line

14 frame parts

14 ' frame parts

15 viewing openings

15 ' viewing openings

16 carrier boards

17 round curves

18 lifting beams

19 lift elements

20 lift arms

21 drive gears

22 pivot centers

23 adjustment elements

23 ' adjustment elements

24 supporting portions

24 ' supporting portions

25 horizontal cells

25 ' horizontal cells

26 sun summit scales

26 ' sun summit scales

27 time difference disc cams

28 curvilinear paths

29 backstop tracks

30 connectors

31 pointers

31 ' pointers

32 pointer bars

32 ' pointer bars

33 time difference scales

33 ' time difference scales

34 supporting parts

35 adjustment guides

35 ' adjustment guides

36 circular elements

36 ' circular elements

37 ' the parallels of latitude

38 ' polar circles

39 ' RADIALs

40 ' the first meridians

41 ' date lines

42 ' places indicate.

Claims

1. a kind of astronomical measurement apparatus for being used to show sunrise and sunset in annual period, wherein, it can be driven by clockwork Dynamic time measurement device, it is characterised in that

The rotation one in every 24 hours of latitude disk (1,1 ') energy is enclosed the land revolvably to be driven around central axis (5,5 '), the latitude Disk can move through fixation mark by rotational motion, and the latitude disk has：It is one or more in the latitude disk (1,1 ') The upper parallel of latitude (1,1 ') concentrically arranged with the central axis (5,5 '), wherein, the central axis (5,5 ') is formed Ground of the radius formation of earth polar and the parallel of latitude or the maximum parallel of latitude (1,1 ') from the earth polar to equator Manage width；The latitude disk has the horizontal cell (25,25 ') of wire, and the horizontal cell is on the latitude disk (1,1 ') Extension, wherein, two free and bearings of the horizontal cell (25,25 ') are at supporting portion (24,24 ') place, the support Position is opposite on the hypothesis line (13,13 ') intersected with the central axis (5,5 '), and wherein, the horizontal cell The intermediate region of (25,25 ') is deflected in which can be transverse to the hypothesis line (13,13 ') intersecting with the central axis (5,5 '), Make it that the hypothesis line (13,13 ') is arrived in the intermediate region among annual period the 26% of the maximum radius of the parallel of latitude The 26% of the maximum radius of the maximum deflection of side and the parallel of latitude arrives the opposite side of the hypothesis line (13,13 ') Moved between maximum deflection.

2. measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the parallel of latitude of the latitude disk (1) Or one or more marks (7) are disposed with multiple parallels of latitude, the mark can be transported by the rotation of the latitude disk (1) It is dynamic to move through the fixation mark, and the position of the mark can be in the case where the diameter of the parallel of latitude changes It can adjust with radially changing.

3. measurement apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the position of multiple marks (7) can be in the latitude The diameter of degree circle can be adjusted with generally radially changing in the case of changing.

4. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that multiple marks (7) are 20 Four marks (7).

5. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that the latitude disk (1) have with it is many The corresponding multiple grooves extended radially from the central axis (5) of the individual mark (7) or gap (4), described Arrange identification elements (6) that to form the mark (7), pin-shaped with being radially slided respectively in groove or the gap, wherein, institute The identification elements (6) having generally radially can movably drive.

6. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that on the latitude disk (1,1 ') Arrange the latitude scale (12,12 ') radially extended.

7. measurement apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterised in that on the latitude scale (12,12 '), latitude " 0 ° " corresponds to the concentric parallel of latitude with maximum gauge, and the latitude scale (12,12 ') footpath from latitude " 0 ° " To upcountry extending.

8. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 1,6 and 7, it is characterised in that one or more latitudes Circle (37 ') is fixedly placed on the latitude disk (1 ').

9. measurement apparatus according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the parallel of latitude (37 ') is with uniform radial direction spacing It is arranged in being stationary relative to one another on the latitude disk (1 ').

10. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 8 and 9, it is characterised in that on the latitude disk (1 ') from The central axis (5 ') is set out equably, and circumferentially distribution ground fixed and arranged has a plurality of RADIAL for representing terrestrial longitude (39’)。

11. measurement apparatus according to claim 10, it is characterised in that 24 are arranged on the latitude disk (1 ') The RADIAL (39 ').

12. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 10 and 11, it is characterised in that in the RADIAL (39 ') One represent the first meridian.

13. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 10 and 11, it is characterised in that in the RADIAL (39 ') One represent date line.

14. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that on the latitude disk (1,1 ') It is fixedly arranged the place mark (42) of with good grounds latitude and longitude positioning.

15. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that the horizontal cell (25,25 ') Can be from linear extension along prolonging that the hypothesis line (13,13 ') deflection intersected with the central axis (5,5 ') overarches Stretch.

16. measurement apparatus according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the horizontal cell (25,25 ') be spring band or Spring wire.

17. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that the horizontal cell (25,25 ') The supporting portion (24,24 ') in annual period can 4 on the first swaying direction ° and with first swaying direction Swung between 4 ° on the second opposite swaying direction around the central axis (5,5 ').

18. measurement apparatus according to claim 17, it is characterised in that abreast arranged before the latitude disk (1) The time difference frame that can be swung around axis of oscillation, the time difference frame has the mark exposed at latitude disk (1, the 1 ') place (7) or the parallel of latitude (37 ') and the RADIAL (39 ') region viewing opening (15,15 '), and the time difference frame Can be in 4 ° on first swaying direction and 4 ° on second swaying direction opposite with first swaying direction Between around the axis of oscillation swing, wherein, the horizontal cell (25,25 ') is made by the oscillating motion of the time difference frame Can swingingly it be driven around the central axis (5,5 ').

19. measurement apparatus according to claim 18, it is characterised in that the axis of oscillation be the central axis (5, 5’)。

20. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 18 and 19, it is characterised in that the horizontal cell (25, 25 ') the supporting portion (24,24 ') is arranged at the time difference frame.

21. measurement apparatus according to claim 20, it is characterised in that time difference disc cam (27) can revolve every year to turn around Ground can rotationally drive, the time difference disc cam using the time difference disc cam radially around curve track (28) it is solid Surely it is resisted against on the backstop track (29) of the time difference frame, the time difference frame is transverse to the institute intersected with the central axis (5) Extend with stating hypothesis line (13).

22. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that abreast in the latitude disk (1) arrangement season frame before, the season frame has the sight exposed in the region of the mark (7) at latitude disk (1) place Opening (15) is seen, and the season frame can disposably be transverse to the institute intersected with the central axis (5) in annual period Drive with being moved between lower extreme point position and upper extreme point position with stating hypothesis line (13), wherein, the latitude disk (1) is in the winter To when there is the upper extreme point position and there is the lower extreme point position at the Summer Solstice.

23. measurement apparatus according to claim 22, it is characterised in that the season frame has the round curve at center (17) lift elements (19), have been seated against at the round curve, the lift elements can be disposably in annual period With being transverse to the hypothesis line (13) intersected with the central axis (5) in the lower extreme point position and the upper extreme point position Between can move ground driving.

24. measurement apparatus according to claim 23, it is characterised in that the lift elements (19) have lifting beam (18), the lifting beam is seated against at round curve (17) place, described parallel to what is intersected with the central axis (5) Assuming that line (13) extend, be respectively disposed with lift arm (20) in two free ends of the lifting beam, wherein, isometric institute State lift arm (20) to upwardly extend in the side of the dorsad round curve (17) in parallel to each other, and utilize the lift arm Free end is hinged on drive gear (21) place with identical radius respectively, wherein, can be around parallel to the central axis (5) At least one described drive gear (21) that pivot center (22) is rotated can rotate every year to be enclosed the land and can rotationally drive.

25. the measurement apparatus according to claim 18 and 22 or claim 9 to 11 and 13 to 14, it is characterised in that institute State time difference frame and the season frame and pass through frame part (14) formation.

26. the measurement apparatus according to claim 18,22 and 25, it is characterised in that the time difference frame or the season frame Or the frame part (14,14 ') has the carrier board (16) of therefore plane earth connection.

27. the measurement apparatus according to claim 22 or 25, it is characterised in that in the season frame or the frame part (14,14 ') place is disposed with time zone master scale (26,26 '), the time zone master scale be radially orientated the central axis (5, 5 ') in institute on the mark (7) that can radially change or the region of the parallel of latitude (37 ') and the RADIAL (39 ') The extension of latitude disk (1,1 ') place is stated, and shows that the sun in summit is higher than horizontal angle on the time zone master scale Degree.

28. the measurement apparatus according to any one of claim 25 and 26, it is characterised in that the horizontal cell (25, 25 ') the supporting portion (24,24 ') is arranged in adjustment element (23,23 ') place, and the adjustment element can be along the frame portion Linear adjustment guide (35,35 ') the adjustment ground guiding being parallel to each other of part (14,14 '), the adjustment guide perpendicular to Extend to the hypothesis line (13,13 ') intersected with the central axis (5).

29. measurement apparatus according to claim 28, it is characterised in that the adjustment element (23,23 ') is by described The connector (30) extended on central axis (5,5 ') is connected with each other.

30. measurement apparatus according to claim 29, it is characterised in that supporting part (34) has pointer (31,31 '), The pointer perpendicular to the central axis (5,5 ') intersect the hypothesis line (13,13 ') extend and with it is described in Heart axis (5,5 ') intersects, wherein, the time difference scale (33,33 ') for being arranged in the frame part (14,14 ') place can be along arrangement It is mobile in the pointer bar (32,32 ') of the free end of the pointer (31,31 ').

31. measurement apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, it is characterised in that one or more needle pivots and institute Extend with stating central axis coaxial, the needle pivot carries pointer respectively, the pointer is inswept and the same center of the central axis Time scale.