JP6469063B2 - Astronomical measurement equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an astronomical measuring apparatus that can be driven by a movement and displays a sunrise time and a sunset time within an annual cycle.

  In such an astronomical measuring device, it is known to display the sunrise time and sunset time by a cam disk assigned to a specific latitude.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an astronomical measurement device of the type described at the beginning, which can display the sunrise time and sunset time at the latitude of the observer position.

  In order to solve this problem, an astronomical measurement device according to the present invention includes a latitude disk, one or more latitude circles arranged concentrically with respect to the central axis on the latitude disk, and the latitude disk. And a linear horizontal line element extending. The latitudinal disc corresponds to 24 hours, and can be driven to rotate around the central axis. The latitudinal disc can be moved around the immovable mark by this rotational movement. In addition, one or more latitude circles arranged concentrically with respect to the central axis represents a pole on the earth where the central axis represents the latitude of one or more latitude circles from the pole toward the equator. Yes. Further, the linear horizontal line element extending on the latitude disk has two free ends supported at support points, and these support points are arranged on opposite sides on a virtual line intersecting the central axis line. The central region of the can be deflected in a direction transverse to the imaginary line intersecting the central axis, so that a maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle is applied to one side of the imaginary line within the annual cycle. A maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle occurs on the other side of the imaginary line and is movable between these maximum deflections.

  A latitude disk need not be able to be driven so that one revolution corresponds exactly to 24 hours, but it is sufficient if it can be driven so that one revolution corresponds to approximately 24 hours.

  The maximum deflection of the horizon element is derived from the inclination of the earth axis. The value of ± 26% is an approximation, and the exact value is ± 26.04% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle.

  The horizontal line element divides the area of the latitude disk representing 24 hours into two. That is, on the other hand, it is divided into a region from sunrise to sunset and a region from sunset to sunrise. When the observer is on the equator, the day length from sunrise to sunset and the night length from sunset to sunrise are always 12 hours. In this case, the horizontal line element extends linearly on the central axis. If the observer is at a higher latitude, the length of the summer daytime will be extended to more than 12 hours. In this case, the central region of the horizon element bends from the straight state into the night length region. In contrast, winter daytime is reduced to less than 12 hours. In this case, the central region of the horizon element bends from the straight state into a region of day length. Deflection of the horizon element to the opposite side occurs during the summer solstice or winter solstice. In the daytime and nighttime (spring and autumn), the horizontal line elements extend in a straight line.

  The day length can be read by the day length region defined based on the horizon element.

  In the first embodiment of the time measuring device, the one or more marking portions are arranged in one or more latitude circles on the latitude disk, and can be moved by the rotational movement of the latitude disk near the stationary mark. The position of one or more marking portions can be displaced in the radial direction by changing the diameter of the latitude circle.

  These marking parts correspond to 24-hour time display evenly arranged, and can be adjusted to the latitude of the observer's current location by radial displacement along the latitude scale. Since all the marking parts can be displaced in the same way, all the marking parts are adjusted to a specific latitude. Each marking part located on the opposite side of the immovable mark represents the average local time. Since the average local time also corresponds to the longitude, if the local time is accurately adjusted, it means that the measuring apparatus is also accurately adjusted with respect to the present location of the observer based on the longitude and latitude.

  The day length can be read from the number of marking portions in the day length region defined based on the horizontal line element.

  If there are 24 marking portions, it means that the interval between the marking portions corresponds to the time interval. In this case, the number of hours in the daytime length can be confirmed by counting the number of marking portions in the daytime length region.

  The latitudinal disk may be provided with grooves or slots extending radially from the central axis by the number of marking portions. In this case, in these grooves or slots, pin-shaped marking elements including a marking portion are arranged so as to be displaceable in the radial direction, and all can be similarly displaced. In this case, common and arbitrary radial displacement drive means can be used.

  In order to read the latitude for judging the present location of the observer on the latitude disk, a latitude scale extending in the radial direction can be arranged on the latitude disk.

  On the latitude scale, preferably the latitude “0 °” corresponds to the maximum diameter of a concentric latitude circle, and the latitude scale extends radially inward from the latitude “0 °”.

  In another embodiment of the time measuring device, the one or more latitude circles are immovably arranged on the latitude disk.

  With these latitude circles, the latitude can be accurately read when the present location of the observer on the latitude disk is specified.

  The present location of the observer can be read particularly accurately because the latitude circles are arranged in a stationary manner at regular intervals in the radial direction on the latitude disk.

  In this case, the regular interval in the radial direction can be, for example, 10 ° latitude.

  In addition, the Arctic Circle and / or the Equatorial Circle can be immovably placed on the latitude disk.

  A further means for identifying the observer's current location on the latitude disk is that multiple radial lines representing longitude on the earth are equally and stationary in the circumferential direction of the latitude disk, starting from the central axis on the latitude disk. Is to be placed in. If 24 radial lines are arranged on the latitudinal disc, these radial lines also form a time segment of the day.

  One of these radial lines represents the prime meridian, which also defines Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

  The other radial line represents the date change line.

  In order to quickly and accurately identify famous locations on the latitude disk, location markings positioned according to latitude and longitude can be immovably placed on the latitude disk.

  By approximating the horizontal line element to a theoretical shape, the horizontal line element can be bent from a straight line along an imaginary line intersecting the central axis to an arch shape.

  In order to allow this deflection, the horizon element in the simple embodiment is preferably configured as a spring band or spring wire.

  The time difference is the time difference between true solar time or true local time and average solar time. The time difference occurs because, on the one hand, the Earth's velocity of motion in an elliptical orbit around the sun varies slightly, and on the other hand, the earth's axis is maintained substantially parallel during this annual movement, with respect to the orbital plane. This is because it is not vertical. That is, the elliptical trajectory causes a periodic difference of about ± 7.5 minutes, and the parallel movement of the tilted earth axis causes a periodic difference of about 10 minutes. Since these two periodic components are out of phase with each other, the extreme value for one year is about +16 minutes to −14 minutes.

  In order to display the true local time, the supporting point of the horizon element can be swung around the central axis by 4 ° in the first turning direction and vice versa in the annual cycle. In this case, a turning angle of 4 ° corresponds to about 16 minutes.

  In order to display the true local time, a time-difference frame arranged in parallel on the latitude disk can be swiveled around the swivel axis, and this time-difference frame can be marked on the latitude disk or a latitude circle and a radial line. In addition, it has a visual opening that makes it possible to visually recognize each of the above areas, and can turn around the central axis by 4 ° in the first turning direction and the opposite second turning direction within the annual cycle. By movement, the horizon element can be driven to pivot about the central axis.

  In this case, the pivot axis is preferably the central axis.

  The support point of the horizontal line element can be arranged in the time difference frame so that the turning of the time difference frame is also transmitted to the horizontal line element.

  In order to turn the equipping frame, the equipping curve disk whose rotation corresponds to one year can be rotated, and the curved track in the circumferential direction is in permanent contact with the stopper track of the equipping curve disk, A time difference frame extends in a transverse direction with respect to an imaginary line intersecting the central axis.

  The maximum solar altitude on the horizon depends on latitude and season. In order to take into account the dependence on the season, the seasonal frame arranged in parallel on the latitude disk has a marking opening on the latitude disk or a viewing opening that makes each region of the latitude circle and radial line visible. Within the annual cycle, it is possible to drive in a direction transverse to a virtual line intersecting the central axis line between the lower end position and the upper end position. In this case, the latitude disk corresponds to the upper end position in the winter solstice and the lower end position in the summer solstice.

  In this case, the solar altitude at noon is displayed according to the season depending on the radial position of the marking portion located on the opposite side of the immobile mark.

  In order to drive the seasonal frame, a concentric circular curve is permanently assigned to the seasonal frame, where the lifting elements are in permanent contact. The seasonal frame can be driven in a direction transverse to an imaginary line intersecting the central axis line between the lower end position and the upper end position within the annual cycle.

  In this case, the lifting element includes a lifting beam that extends parallel to an imaginary line that intersects the central axis and that is permanently in contact with the circular curved portion, and has the same length at the two free ends of the lifting beam. The lifting arms are arranged in parallel to each other and extend in a direction away from the circular curved portion, and each free end thereof is connected to one drive wheel and is parallel to the central axis. At least one of the drive wheels that can rotate around the rotation axis is rotatable to correspond to one year per rotation.

  In order to save space and represent the solar altitude at true local time and noon, the time difference frame and the seasonal frame can be configured as one frame part.

  To support various drive mechanisms for representing solar time at true local time and / or noon, the equator frame or seasonal frame or frame component can have a support plate that is flatly coupled to these frames.

  In order to be able to read the angle of the solar altitude at noon, a solar altitude scale relative to the zenith can be placed on the seasonal frame or frame part. The solar altitude scale extends from the radially outward direction to the central axis via a radially displaceable marking portion or latitude circle and radial line regions on the latitude disk. Since the angle of the sun located at the zenith on the horizon is drawn on the solar altitude scale, the solar altitude at noon is displayed according to the position of the marking portion located below the solar altitude scale.

  In order to allow relative movement between the support part of the horizon element and the height-adjustable frame part, the support part of the horizon element can be arranged on the adjustment element. These adjustment elements are guided to be displaceable along linear adjustment guide portions parallel to each other in the frame part. These adjustment guide portions extend so as to be orthogonal to a virtual line that intersects the central axis.

  In this case, the adjustment elements can be connected to each other by a connection that extends to intersect the central axis.

  In this case, the support portion extends so as to be orthogonal to the imaginary line, has a pointer that intersects the central axis, and the pointer flag arranged at the free end of the pointer can be displaced along the time difference scale arranged on the frame part. If so, the turning angle of the frame component according to the time difference can be read.

  One or more pointer axes support the pointer and extend concentrically with respect to the central axis so that the time can also be read, and each pointer follows a time scale that is concentric with the central axis. And can be displaced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a front perspective view showing a first embodiment of an astronomical measurement device including a horizontal line element extending linearly on a central axis. It is a perspective view which shows the astronomical measurement apparatus which concerns on FIG. 1 provided with the horizon element of the state bent in the area | region of the daytime length. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st disk of the latitude disk comprised by the two coaxial disks in the measuring apparatus which concerns on FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd disk of the latitude disk comprised by the two coaxial disks in the measuring apparatus which concerns on FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the adjustment mechanism arrange | positioned rather than the frame components of the measuring apparatus which concerns on FIG. It is a further perspective view which shows the adjustment mechanism arrange | positioned rather than the frame components of the measuring apparatus which concerns on FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the astronomical measuring apparatus which concerns on FIG. 1 which has the pointer which points to an equality difference scale, and is supported so that turning is possible, and a horizontal line element. It is a front perspective view which shows 2nd Embodiment of a measuring device.

  The astronomical measurement apparatus of FIGS. 1 to 7 includes a latitude disk 1 composed of a first disk 2 and a second disk 3. In this case, the first disk 2 and the second disk 3 are arranged in a sandwich shape, and the second disk 3 can be rotated around the central axis 5 with respect to the fixed first disk 2.

  The first disk 2 includes 24 slots 4 that are evenly arranged radially outward from the central axis 5 and extend radially. Each interval of these slots 4 represents one hour.

  A marking element 6 is guided in the slot 4 so as to be displaceable in the radial direction. These marking elements 6 include pin-shaped marking portions 7 on the observer-oriented side 8. All the pin-shaped marking portions 7 are always located at the same radius with respect to the central axis 5.

  On the non-observer side 9, that is, the side facing the second disk 3, the two guide pins 10 of the marking element 6 that are spaced apart from each other in the radial direction protrude from the slot 4, and the spiral groove of the second disk 3. 11 has entered. In this case, the winding interval of the spiral groove 11 corresponds to the interval between the two guide pins 10.

  If the second disk 3 is rotated relative to the first disk 2, the marking part 7 can be displaced between the maximum radius and the minimum radius of the latitude circle.

  As clearly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a latitude scale 12 is drawn in the radial direction on the observer-oriented side 8 of the first disk 2, and the central axis from the radial direction 0 ° (corresponding to the equator). It extends 90 degrees in the radial direction (corresponding to one pole).

  The latitude disk 1 corresponds to 24 hours per rotation, and is driven clockwise by a movement (not shown).

  On the observer-oriented side 8 of the latitude disk 1, a frame component 14 having a viewing opening 15 is arranged. With the visual recognition opening 15, each area of the latitude scale 12, the slot 4, and the marking portion 7 that can be displaced in the radial direction is visible.

  The frame component 14 is flatly coupled to the support plate 16. In this case, the support plate 16 is arranged on the observer non-directional side so as to be parallel to the latitude disk 1.

  In the horizontal direction on the latitude disk 1, an imaginary line 13 extends so as to intersect the central axis 5.

  The frame component 14 can be driven in a direction transverse to the virtual line 13 between the lower end position and the upper end position so as to function as a seasonal frame within the annual cycle. In this seasonal frame, the winter solstice corresponds to the upper end position, the summer solstice corresponds to the lower end position, and the daytime and night horizons (spring equinox and autumn equivalency) correspond to an intermediate position between the upper end position and the lower end position.

  In order to drive the frame component 14 in a direction crossing the virtual line 13, the support plate 16 has a protruding circular curved portion 17 on the observer non-directional side. A lifting beam 18 in the lifting element 19 is in permanent contact with the circular curved portion 17 in a state parallel to the virtual line 13. Two lifting arms 20 having the same length and parallel to each other are arranged at both free ends of the lifting beam 18, and the two free ends are respectively connected to one drive wheel 21. In this case, the drive wheels 21 arranged adjacent to each other can rotate around a rotation axis 22 parallel to the central axis 5. At least one of these drive wheels 21 is rotatable so that one rotation corresponds to one year.

  The lifting element 19 and the drive wheel 21 constitute a double crank mechanism.

  When the drive wheel 21 rotates, the support plate 16 is driven via the lifting beam 18 that is permanently in contact with the circular curved portion 17, so that the frame component 14 is driven laterally relative to the imaginary line 13. .

  During the seasonal movement of the frame part 14, the two adjustment elements 23 connected to the support points 24 of the horizontal line element 25 composed of flexible spring bands are located on the imaginary line 13 opposite to each other. Yes.

  The central area of the horizontal line element 25 constituted by two parts is constituted as a stage-like element 36. This stage-like element 36 has a maximum deflection of 26.04% occurring on one side with respect to the imaginary line 13 ′ of the latitude circle (corresponding to the equator) to which the marking element 6 is assigned within the annual cycle, and the marking element 6 It can be driven in a direction transverse to the virtual line 13 between the maximum deflection of 26.04% occurring on the other side with respect to the virtual line 13 ′ of the assigned latitude circle (corresponding to the equator). The two end portions of the horizon element 25 that face each other are arranged on the stage-like element 36.

  At the time of bending, the horizontal line element 25 is deformed into an arch shape.

  The area surrounded by the marking part 7 above the horizon element 25 is an area between sunrise and sunset, whereas the area surrounded by the marking part 7 below the horizon element 25 is This is the area between sunset and sunrise. In this case, the marking part 7 represents the latitude. If the marking part 7 above the horizon element 25 is counted, the daytime can be read, and if the marking part 7 below the horizon element 25 is counted, the night time can be read.

  The frame part 14 is provided with a solar altitude scale 26 with respect to the zenith. The scale 26 represents the angle of the sun located at the zenith on the horizontal line, that is, the angle of the sun at noon, while extending from the radially outward direction toward the central axis 5 through the marking portion 7 region that can be displaced in the radial direction. ing.

  On the fixed support portion 34 on the observer non-directional side of the support plate 16, an equation of time curve disk 27 corresponding to one rotation corresponding to one year is supported so as to be rotationally driven. A pointer 31 is firmly disposed on the support portion 34, and the pointer 31 extends orthogonally to the connection portion 30 so as to intersect the central axis 5. At the free end of the pointer 31, a pointer flag 32 surrounding the support plate 16 and the outer edge of the frame part 14 is disposed. This pointer flag 32 is used to set a time difference scale 33 over −15 ′ to +15 ′ (corresponding to a turning angle of about + 4 ° to −4 °) in order to read the time difference on the observer-oriented side of the frame part 14. Pointing. The driving wheel 21 is also rotatably supported by the fixed support portion 34. The equation of time curve disc 27 is in permanent contact with a stopper track 29 of a frame part that also functions as an equation of time frame by means of a curved track 28 in the circumferential direction, and an imaginary line in which the equation of time difference frame intersects the central axis 5. It extends in a direction transverse to 13. By means of the time difference curve disc 27, the frame part 14 can be driven to rotate around the central axis by 4 ° in the first turning direction and in the second turning direction opposite to each other within the annual cycle. In this case, the horizontal line element 25 can also be swiveled around the central axis 5 by the turning movement of the frame part 14 and the adjustment element 23 contacting the adjustment guide portion 35 of the frame part 14. A turning angle of 4 ° corresponds to about 16 minutes. The adjustment guide portions 35 arranged in parallel to each other extend so as to be orthogonal to a virtual line 13 that intersects the central axis 5.

  The two adjusting elements 23 are connected to each other by a connecting portion 30 extending so as to intersect the central axis 5.

  FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the astronomical measurement device. The illustrated astronomical measurement apparatus includes a latitude disk 1 'in which a latitude scale 12' is drawn in the radial direction on the observer-oriented side. The latitude scale 12 'extends from the radial direction 0 ° (corresponding to the equator) to the central axis 5' in the radial direction 90 ° (corresponding to one pole).

  The latitude disk 1 'corresponds to 24 hours per rotation, and is driven by a movement (not shown).

  A frame component 14 'having a viewing opening 15' is disposed on the side of the latitude disk 1 'facing the viewer. The latitude scale 12 'is visible through the viewing opening 15'.

  In the horizontal direction on the latitude disk 1 ′, an imaginary line 13 ′ extends so as to intersect the central axis 5 ′.

  As described in the context of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, the frame component 14 ′ is relative to the virtual line 13 ′ between the lower end position and the upper end position to function as a seasonal frame within the annual cycle. It can be driven across.

  During the seasonal movement of the frame part 14 ', the two adjusting elements 23' connected to the support points 24 'of the horizontal element 25' composed of flexible spring bands are mutually connected on the virtual line 13 '. Located on the opposite side.

  The central region of the two-part horizontal line element 25 'is configured as a stage-like element 36'. This stage-like element 36 'has a maximum deflection of 26.04% occurring on one side with respect to the imaginary line 13' of the latitude circle (corresponding to the equator) and the imaginary line of the latitude circle (corresponding to the equator) within the annual cycle. It can be driven in a direction transverse to the imaginary line 13 'between the maximum deflection of 26.04% occurring on the other side with respect to 13'. The ends of the two portions of the horizon element 25 'that face each other are arranged on the stage-like element 36'.

  At the time of bending, the horizontal line element 25 'is deformed into an arch shape.

  On the latitude disk 1 ', latitude circles are drawn concentrically at intervals of 10 ° with respect to the central axis 5'. In this case, the radially outermost latitude circle 37 'corresponds to the equator. Further, a polar circle 38 'is drawn in the radially innermost vicinity.

  On the latitude disk 1 ′, 24 radial lines 39 ′ arranged evenly in the circumferential direction from the central axis 5 ′ are further drawn to represent the longitude.

  These latitude circle 37 'and radial line 39' provide a graticule that allows the observer to identify the current location based on longitude and latitude.

  One of the radial lines 39 'represents the prime meridian 40' to which Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) applies, and the further radial line 39 'located on the opposite side of the prime meridian 40' A change line 41 'is shown. This radial line 39 'corresponding to the date change line 41' represents 0:00. Starting from a radial line representing 0 o'clock, a radial line 39 'following clockwise is drawn with a time code of 1 to 23.

  Further, a location marking 42 'representing a famous location is drawn on the latitude disk 1'.

  The area above horizon element 25 'is the area between sunrise and sunset, while the area below horizon element 25' is the area between sunset and sunrise. The daytime can be read by counting the radial line 39 'above the horizontal line element 25', and the night time can be read by counting the radial line 39 'below the horizontal line element 25'.

  The frame part 14 'is provided with a solar altitude scale 26' with respect to the zenith. This scale 26 'extends through the latitude circle 37' region from the outside in the radial direction toward the central axis 5 'and represents the angle of the sun located at the zenith on the horizontal line, that is, the noon sun.

  In the illustrated embodiment, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 7, a time difference curve disc corresponding to one year of rotation is rotationally driven on a fixed support portion on the observer non-directional side of the support plate. Supported as possible. A pointer 31 'is firmly disposed on the support portion 34', and the pointer 31 'extends so as to intersect the central axis 5'. At the free end of the pointer 31 ', a pointer flag 32' surrounding the outer edge of the support plate and the frame part 14 'is arranged. This pointer flag 32 'is a time-equal difference scale over -15' to +15 '(corresponding to a turning angle of about + 4 ° to -4 °) in order to read the time difference on the observer-oriented side of the frame part 14'. Pointing to 33 '. By means of a mechanism (not shown) corresponding to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 7, the frame component 14 ′ is rotated around the central axis by 4 ° in the first turning direction and in the opposite second turning direction, respectively, within the annual period. Can be swiveled. In this case, the horizontal line element 25 ′ can also be driven to rotate around the central axis 5 ′ by the pivoting movement of the frame part 14 ′ and the adjustment element 23 ′ that abuts the adjustment guide portion 35 ′ of the frame part 14 ′. A turning angle of 4 ° corresponds to about 15 minutes. The adjustment guide portions 35 'arranged in parallel to each other extend so as to be orthogonal to a virtual line 13' intersecting the central axis 5 '.

  The two adjusting elements 23 'are connected to each other by a connecting portion (not shown) extending so as to intersect the central axis 5'.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, there are two options for reading the time to sunrise, zenith, or sunset.

Option 1
Option 1 can be applied if you want to read the time to sunrise, zenith, or sunset for a specific location marking. For example, for the location marking “Glashütte” at daylight saving time, the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) of Glashütte is +2 hours. In this case, the latitude disk 1 ′ is adjusted so that the radial line 39 ′ corresponding to the time code 14 (12 + 2) points vertically to the pointer flag 32 ′ at 12:00 noon. Here, when the place marking representing “Glass Hutte” exceeds the horizon element 25 ′, it represents sunrise or sunset, and when it exceeds the solar altitude scale 26 ′, it represents the zenith.

Option 2
Option 2 can be applied when it is desired to read the time to sunrise, zenith, or sunset for a place where no place marking 42 is drawn. In this case, the latitude disk 1 ′ is adjusted so that the radial line corresponding to the time code 0 and the date change line 41 ′ points the pointer flag 32 ′ vertically at 12:00 noon. Further, a point corresponding to the latitude of the observer is determined based on the latitude on the radial line corresponding to the date change line 41 ′. Here, when the point exceeds the horizon element 25 ', it represents sunrise or sunset, and when it exceeds the solar altitude scale 26', it represents the zenith. The time that elapses past the horizon element 25 'and the solar altitude scale 26' can be read directly based on the time code.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Latitude disk 1 'Latitude disk 2 1st disk 3 2nd disk 4 Slot 5 Center axis 5' Center axis 6 Marking element 7 Marking part 8 Observer-oriented side 9 Observer non-directional side
10 Guide pin
11 Spiral groove
12 Latitude scale
12 'Latitude Scale
13 Virtual line
13 'virtual line
14 Frame parts
14 'frame parts
15 Visual opening
15 'visual opening
16 Support plate
17 Circular curve
18 Lifting beam
19 Lifting elements
20 Lifting arm
21 Drive wheels
22 axis of rotation
23 Adjustment factors
23 'adjustment factor
24 Support points
24 'support points
25 horizontal line elements
25 'Horizontal line element
26 Solar altitude scale relative to the zenith
26 'Solar altitude scale to the zenith
27 Time difference curve disc
28 Curve track
29 Stopper track
30 connections
31 Pointer
31 'pointer
32 Pointer flag
32 'pointer flag
33 Time difference scale
33 'equality scale
34 Support section
35 Adjustment guide
35 'adjustment guide
36 Stage elements
36 'stage element
37 'latitude circle
38 'polar circle
39 'radial line
40 'first meridian
41 'Date change line
42 'location marking

Claims (29)

An astronomical measurement device that can be driven by a movement and displays a sunrise time and a sunset time within an annual cycle,
It is equipped with a latitude disk (1, 1 '), one rotation corresponds to 24 hours, and it can be driven to rotate around the central axis (5, 5'), and it can be moved around the immovable mark by rotational movement. ,
On the latitude disk (1, 1 '), it has one or more latitude circles concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis (5, 5'), and the central axis (5, 5 ') Representing the pole, the radius of the one or more latitude circles representing the latitude from the pole to the equator,
A linear horizontal line element (25, 25 ') extending on the latitude disk (1, 1') is provided, and its two free ends are supported by support points (24, 24 '), and the support points (24 , 24 ') are arranged on opposite sides of the imaginary line (13, 13') intersecting the central axis (5, 5 '), and the central region of the horizontal line elements (25, 25') 5,5 ') can be bent in a direction transverse to the imaginary line (13,13'), and the maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle is assumed within the annual cycle. It occurs on one side of (13, 13 ') and has a maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle on the other side of the imaginary line (13, 13'), which can be moved between these maximum deflections And
One or a plurality of marking portions (7) are arranged on the one or more latitude circles on the latitude disk (1) and can be moved by the rotational movement of the latitude disk (1). Yes, the position of the one or more marking portions (7) can be displaced in the radial direction by changing the diameter of the latitude circle,
An astronomical measuring device characterized in that a latitude scale (12, 12 ') extending in the radial direction is arranged on a latitude disk (1, 1'). An astronomical measurement device that can be driven by a movement and displays a sunrise time and a sunset time within an annual cycle,
It is equipped with a latitude disk (1, 1 '), one rotation corresponds to 24 hours, and it can be driven to rotate around the central axis (5, 5'), and it can be moved around the immovable mark by rotational movement. ,
On the latitude disk (1, 1 '), it has one or more latitude circles concentrically arranged with respect to the central axis (5, 5'), and the central axis (5, 5 ') Representing the pole, the radius of the one or more latitude circles representing the latitude from the pole to the equator,
A linear horizontal line element (25, 25 ') extending on the latitude disk (1, 1') is provided, and its two free ends are supported by support points (24, 24 '), and the support points (24 , 24 ') are arranged on opposite sides of the imaginary line (13, 13') intersecting the central axis (5, 5 '), and the central region of the horizontal line elements (25, 25') 5,5 ') can be bent in a direction transverse to the imaginary line (13,13'), and the maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle is assumed within the annual cycle. It occurs on one side of (13, 13 ') and has a maximum deflection corresponding to 26% of the maximum radius of the latitude circle on the other side of the imaginary line (13, 13'), which can be moved between these maximum deflections And
A latitude scale (12, 12 ') extending in the radial direction is arranged on the latitude disk (1, 1'),
The supporting points (24, 24 ') of the horizon element (25, 25') are around the central axis (5, 5 ') by 4 ° in the first turning direction and vice versa in the annual cycle, respectively. An astronomical measurement device characterized in that it can be swiveled.   The measurement apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the plurality of marking portions (7) can be similarly displaced in the radial direction by changing the diameter of the latitude circle. apparatus.   4. The measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there are 24 of the plurality of marking portions (7). 5.   5. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the latitudinal disc (1) has grooves or slots (4) extending radially from a central axis (5, 5 ′). The pin-shaped marking element (6) including the marking portion (7) is disposed in the groove or slot (4) so as to be displaceable in the radial direction, and is displaceable in the same manner. A measuring device.   The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein 0 ° on the latitude scale (12, 12 ') corresponds to the maximum diameter of the concentric latitude circle, and the latitude scale (12, 12') is 0. Measuring device characterized in that it extends radially inward from °.   7. Measuring device according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the latitude circle (37 ') is arranged immovably on the latitude disk (1').   8. The measuring device according to claim 7, wherein the latitude circles (37 ') are fixedly arranged in the radial direction on the latitude disk (1') at the same interval.   The measuring device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a plurality of radial lines (39 ') representing longitudes on the earth from the central axis (5') on the latitude disk (1 ') are latitudes. A measuring device, which is arranged uniformly and immovably in the circumferential direction of the disk (1 ′).   10. Measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that 24 radial lines (39 ') are arranged on the latitude disk (1').   11. Measuring device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that one of the radial lines (39 ') represents the prime meridian (40').   11. Measuring device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that one of the radial lines (39 ') represents a date change line (41').   It is a measuring device as described in any one of Claims 1-12, Comprising: The place marking (42 ') positioned according to the latitude and the longitude is fixedly arranged on the latitude disk (1, 1'). A measuring device.   It is a measuring apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-13, Comprising: From horizontal form along a virtual line (13) which a horizontal line element (25,25 ') cross | intersects a center axis line (5,5'). A measuring device characterized by being able to bend in an arch shape.   15. Measuring device according to claim 14, characterized in that the horizon element (25, 25 ') is a spring band or a spring wire.   3. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the time difference frame arranged in parallel on the latitude disk (1) can be swiveled around a turning axis, and the time difference frame is a latitude disk (1, 1 '). ) It has a visual recognition opening (15, 15 ') that makes it possible to visually recognize the marking part (7) region or the latitude circle (37') and the radial line (39 ') region on the top, and the first turn within the annual cycle Can be swiveled around the central axis (5, 5 ′) by 4 ° in the second swiveling direction and vice versa, and the horizontal line element (25, 25 ′) can be moved to the central axis ( 5, 5 ') Measuring device characterized in that it can be swiveled around.   17. The measuring device according to claim 16, wherein the pivot axis is a central axis (5, 5 ').   18. Measuring device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the support points (24, 24 ') of the horizon elements (25, 25') are arranged in the time difference frame.   19. The measuring apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the equation of time curve disk (27) corresponding to one year per rotation is rotatable, and the curve track (28) in the circumferential direction is the equation of time difference curve disk. A measuring device characterized in that it is in permanent contact with the stopper track (29) and extends in a direction transverse to an imaginary line (13) intersecting the central axis (5).   The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the seasonal frame arranged in parallel on the latitude disk (1) visually recognizes the marking part (7) region on the latitude disk (1). It has a visible opening (15, 15 ') that can be driven and can be driven in a direction transverse to the virtual line (13) intersecting the central axis (5) between the lower end position and the upper end position within the annual cycle. A measuring device characterized in that the latitude disk (1) corresponds to the upper end position for the winter solstice and the lower end position for the summer solstice.   21. The measuring device according to claim 20, wherein a concentric circular curved portion (17) with which a lifting element (19) abuts permanently is assigned to the seasonal frame, and the seasonal frame is within an annual cycle. The measuring device can be driven in a direction transverse to a virtual line (13) intersecting a central axis (5) between the lower end position and the upper end position.   22. Measuring device according to claim 21, wherein the lifting element (19) extends parallel to an imaginary line (13) intersecting the central axis (5) and is permanently attached to the circular curve (17). A lifting beam (18) that abuts and is arranged at two free ends of the lifting beam (18) with parallel lifting arms (20) having the same length, the lifting arm (20) having a circular curve It extends in a direction away from the part (17), and each free end thereof is connected to one drive wheel (21) and rotates around a rotation axis (22) parallel to the central axis (5). A measuring device, characterized in that at least one of the possible drive wheels (21) is rotatable to correspond to one year at one revolution. It is a measuring device as described in any one of Claims 8-10, 12, 13, 16, and 20, Comprising: A time difference frame and / or a season frame are comprised as one frame component (14). A measuring device.   24. The measuring device according to claim 16, 20, 23, wherein the time difference frame or the seasonal frame or the frame part (14, 14 ') is flatly coupled to the support plate (16). A measuring device.   24. A measuring device according to claim 20 or 23, wherein a solar altitude scale (26, 26 ') relative to the zenith is arranged on the seasonal frame or frame part (14, 14') and a latitude disk (1, 1 '). ) On the center axis line (5, 5 'from the outside in the radial direction through the marking part (7) or the circle of latitude (37') and the radial line (39 ') that can be displaced in the radial direction. ), And the solar altitude scale (26, 26 ') shows the angle of the sun located at the zenith on the horizon.   25. The measuring device according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the support point (24, 24 ') of the horizontal line element (25, 25') is arranged on the adjustment element (23, 23 '), and the adjustment element (23 , 23 ′) are guided to be displaceable along linear adjustment guide portions (35, 35 ′) parallel to each other in the frame component (14, 14 ′), and the adjustment guide portions (35, 35 ′) A measuring apparatus characterized by extending so as to be orthogonal to a virtual line (13, 13 ') intersecting the central axis (5, 5').   27. The measuring device according to claim 26, characterized in that the adjustment elements (23, 23 ′) are connected to each other by a connection (30) extending so as to intersect the central axis (5, 5 ′). Measuring device.   28. The measuring device according to claim 27, wherein the support portion (34) extends perpendicular to the virtual line (13, 13 ′) and intersects the central axis (5, 5 ′). ') And the pointer flag (32, 32') arranged at the free end of the pointer (31, 31 ') is an equality difference scale (33, 33') arranged at the frame part (14, 14 ') The measuring device can be displaced along a). The measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein one or more pointer shafts each hold a pointer and extend concentrically with respect to the central axis, A measuring apparatus, wherein the pointer is displaceable along a time scale that is concentric with the central axis.