CN106947608A - A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106947608A CN106947608A CN201710282906.0A CN201710282906A CN106947608A CN 106947608 A CN106947608 A CN 106947608A CN 201710282906 A CN201710282906 A CN 201710282906A CN 106947608 A CN106947608 A CN 106947608A
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- heat exchanger
- cleaning agent
- sodium
- quick deoiling
- agent
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2003—Alcohols; Phenols
- C11D3/2006—Monohydric alcohols
- C11D3/201—Monohydric alcohols linear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C11D3/361—Phosphonates, phosphinates or phosphonites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
- C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method, the weight percent of each component is as follows in the cleaning agent：Sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol 2 5%, neopelex 1 2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.4 0.8%, diatomite 1 2%, complexing agent 2 5%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.3 0.6%, sodium acid carbonate 2.5 4.5%, polyethylene glycol 0.5 1.5%, ethanol 2 6%, water surplus, former final obtained cleaning agent good dispersion of the invention, the grease of heat exchanger surface can be rapidly removed at normal temperatures, incrustation scale, cleaning performance is good, cleaning efficiency is high, without highly basic composition, cleaning agent is substantially reduced to pollute to the corrosion of equipment and to environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of heat exchangers, and in particular to a kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method.
Background technology
Heat exchanger is that chemical industry, oil refining, power, food, light industry, atomic energy, pharmacy, machinery and other many industrial departments are wide
A kind of general common apparatus used, occupies critical role aborning.Heat exchanger can be used as heater, cooling in Chemical Manufacture
Device, condenser, evaporator and reboiler etc., are more widely applied.According to statistics, the investment of heat exchanger is big in modern chemical industry
The 30% of equipment gross investment is accounted for, 40% or so of whole process equipments is accounted in oil plant, desalination process device is then several
It is entirely what is be made up of heat exchanger.
Plate type heat exchanger is widely used in the heat exchange between petroleum chemical industry water oil.It is substantial amounts of due to containing in water
The metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, are readily formed calcium, the carbonate sediment of magnesium plasma and are attached to plate type heat exchanger at high temperature
Side, and opposite side then adheres to one layer of grease, this causes the heat exchange efficiency of plate type heat exchanger to reduce, so using certain time
After need to plate type heat exchanger carry out disassembly, cleaning.But existing chemical is only applicable to clean incrustation scale mostly,
Preferable cleaning performance can not be played for oil-soluble dirt present in heat exchanger, and the raw material of many chemicals is carried out
Require that the temperature in use of cleaning agent is higher during cleaning, so as to cause energy waste.And the surface degreasing cleaning agent that normal temperature is used is then
There is dispersive property poor, the oil removing time is long, and cleaning performance is not good enough.In addition, existing chemical contains stronger acid mostly
Property composition or stronger alkaline components, this not only can etching apparatus, and cleaning waste liquid can bring serious problem of environmental pollution.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its make
With method, the cleaning agent at normal temperatures can its can rapidly remove the grease of heat exchanger surface, incrustation scale, cleaning performance is good, cleaning
Efficiency high, without highly basic composition, reduces cleaning agent and is polluted to the corrosion of equipment and to environment.
To realize object above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 2-5%, neopelex 1-2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.4-0.8%, diatomite 1-
2%th, complexing agent 2-5%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.3-0.6%, sodium acid carbonate 2.5-4.5%, polyethylene glycol 0.5-1.5%, ethanol
2-6%, water surplus.
Preferably, the heat exchanger is as follows with the weight percent of each component in quick deoiling cleaning agent：Fatty alcohol polyoxy second
Alkene ether sodium sulfate 4%, neopelex 1.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.7%, diatomite 1.5%,
Complexing agent 4%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.5%, sodium acid carbonate 3.5%, polyethylene glycol 1%, ethanol 4.5%, water surplus.
Preferably, the complexing agent is the one or two in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium
Mixture.
Preferably, the complexing agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：1-3
Mix.
Preferably, the water is deionized water.
The present invention heat exchanger application method of quick deoiling cleaning agent：The cleaning agent is used at normal temperatures, during cleaning
Between be 8-15min.Present invention heat exchanger can be used for removing heat exchanger surface dirt with quick deoiling cleaning agent.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention is from sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol, neopelex, different
Three kinds of surfactants of octanol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate are used cooperatively, and make obtained surfactant oil removing scale removal ability strong,
Make cleaning agent that both there is excellent activity at normal temperatures.Appropriate diatomite is added in cleaning agent, itself and each component phase interworking
Cooperation is used, and can greatly improve oil removal efficiency.Raw material of the present invention is cheap and easy to get, contributes to cost-effective, on this basis rationally
The content of each raw material is configured, makes final obtained cleaning agent good dispersion, heat exchanger surface can be rapidly removed at normal temperatures
Grease, incrustation scale, cleaning performance are good, and cleaning efficiency is high, without highly basic composition, reduces cleaning agent to the corrosion of equipment and to ring
Border is polluted.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 4%, neopelex 1.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.7%, diatomite 1.5%, complexing agent
4%th, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.5%, sodium acid carbonate 3.5%, polyethylene glycol 1%, ethanol 4.5%, deionized water surplus.
Above-mentioned complexing agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：1 mixes.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 8min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 4%, neopelex 1%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.8%, diatomite 2%, ethylenediamine tetrem
Acid disodium 2.5%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.6%, sodium acid carbonate 4.5%, polyethylene glycol 0.5%, ethanol 4%, water surplus.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 14min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 5%, neopelex 2%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.8%, diatomite 1%, complexing agent 2%,
Six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.5%, sodium acid carbonate 2.5%, polyethylene glycol 1%, ethanol 6%, deionized water surplus.
Above-mentioned complexing agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：2 mix.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 10min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 2%, neopelex 2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.4%, diatomite 1.8%, complexing agent
5%th, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.3%, sodium acid carbonate 2%, polyethylene glycol 1.5%, ethanol 2%, water surplus.
Above-mentioned complexing agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：3 mix.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 11min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
Embodiment 5：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 3%, neopelex 2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.5%, diatomite 2%, hydroxy ethylidene
Di 2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid dipotassium 4%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.6%, sodium acid carbonate 2.5%, polyethylene glycol 1.5%, ethanol 3%, more than deionized water
Amount.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 12min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
Embodiment 6：
A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, the weight percent of its each component is as follows：AEO sulphur
Sour sodium 4.5%, neopelex 2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.5%, diatomite 1%, complexing agent
5%th, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.5%, sodium acid carbonate 3%, polyethylene glycol 0.5%, ethanol 5%, deionized water surplus.
Above-mentioned complexing agent is disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：1-3 mix and
Into.
In use, heat exchanger plate is soaked into 10min in above-mentioned heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, take out use afterwards
Clear water is rinsed.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
The present invention is described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still can be to foregoing each implementation
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent to which part technical characteristic；And these modification or
Replace, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent, it is characterised in that：The weight percent of its each component is as follows：Fatty alcohol polyoxy
Ethene ether sodium sulfate 2-5%, neopelex 1-2.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether 0.4-0.8%, silicon
Diatomaceous earth 1-2%, complexing agent 2-5%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.3-0.6%, sodium acid carbonate 2.5-4.5%, polyethylene glycol 0.5-
1.5%th, ethanol 2-6%, water surplus.
2. heat exchanger according to claim 1 quick deoiling cleaning agent, it is characterised in that：The weight percent of its each component
It is as follows：Sodium sulfate of polyethenoxy ether of fatty alcohol 4%, neopelex 1.5%, Phosphate of Polyoxyethylene Isooctyl Ether
0.7%th, diatomite 1.5%, complexing agent 4%, six phosphorus meta-acid sodium 0.5%, sodium acid carbonate 3.5%, polyethylene glycol 1%, ethanol
4.5%th, water surplus.
3. heat exchanger according to claim 1 quick deoiling cleaning agent, it is characterised in that：The complexing agent is ethylenediamine
One or two kinds of mixtures in tetraacethyl disodium, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium.
4. heat exchanger according to claim 3 quick deoiling cleaning agent, it is characterised in that：The complexing agent is ethylenediamine
Tetraacethyl disodium and 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid dipotassium in mass ratio 1：1-3 is mixed.
5. heat exchanger according to claim 1 quick deoiling cleaning agent, it is characterised in that：The water is deionized water.
6. heat exchanger according to any one of the claim 1-5 application method of quick deoiling cleaning agent, its feature exists
In：The cleaning agent is used at normal temperatures, and scavenging period is 8-15min.
7. the heat exchanger according to any one of claim 1-5 is removing heat exchanger surface dirt with quick deoiling cleaning agent
In application.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710282906.0A CN106947608A (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2017-04-26 | A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710282906.0A CN106947608A (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2017-04-26 | A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method |
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|---|---|
| CN106947608A true CN106947608A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
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| CN201710282906.0A Pending CN106947608A (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2017-04-26 | A kind of heat exchanger quick deoiling cleaning agent and its application method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107937168A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-20 | 广州市凯之达化工有限公司 | A kind of production method of environment-friendly type degreasing cleaning agent |
| CN108300620A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-20 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Cleaning agent and preparation method thereof, purposes |
| CN109810791A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-28 | 天津正达科技有限责任公司 | It is a kind of for refining oil the scavenger specially of filter tank by water circulation system |
| CN111575123A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-08-25 | 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 | Special cleaning agent for ceramic anilox roller and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115960681A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-14 | 江苏三美化工有限公司 | Cleaning agent for hydrogen fluoride rectification system and sensor thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107937168A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-20 | 广州市凯之达化工有限公司 | A kind of production method of environment-friendly type degreasing cleaning agent |
| CN108300620A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-20 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Cleaning agent and preparation method thereof, purposes |
| CN109810791A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-28 | 天津正达科技有限责任公司 | It is a kind of for refining oil the scavenger specially of filter tank by water circulation system |
| CN111575123A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-08-25 | 河北金力新能源科技股份有限公司 | Special cleaning agent for ceramic anilox roller and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115960681A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-14 | 江苏三美化工有限公司 | Cleaning agent for hydrogen fluoride rectification system and sensor thereof |
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