CN106947500A - 一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂 - Google Patents

一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂 Download PDF

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CN106947500A
CN106947500A CN201611163805.3A CN201611163805A CN106947500A CN 106947500 A CN106947500 A CN 106947500A CN 201611163805 A CN201611163805 A CN 201611163805A CN 106947500 A CN106947500 A CN 106947500A
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coal
spontaneous combustion
retardant
ionic liquid
liquid
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CN106947500B (zh
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邓军
肖旸
白祖锦
徐启铭
王彩萍
易欣
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Xian University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,由[BMIM][I]离子液体和水按照一定比例构成;所述的[BMIM][I]离子液体是呈碱性的盐溶液,是一种易溶于水、乙醇,难溶于乙醚及烷烃的液体,热分解温度在265℃。本发明所得离子液体阻化剂的降低煤了的活化性降低,能彻底的抑制煤自燃,可以将阻化剂回收利用,适合在煤粉等易于积聚的地方如煤仓、工厂等,操作简单,经济适用。

Description

一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及液体阻化剂领域,具体涉及一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂。
背景技术
煤自燃可以造成巨大的财产损失。我国是产煤大国,已经查明我国正在燃烧的煤田火区有56处,累计面积720Km2,每年直接烧失煤炭2000万t,破坏资源2亿t。新疆就有55%的煤田火区,火区面积111.50Km2,已损失煤炭20多亿t。有10~13Km2正在燃烧,每年烧掉煤炭1003万t。根据煤氧复合机理,煤发生自燃的主要原因是煤在氧化的过程中,逐渐放出热量,达到自燃所需要的环境。因此防治煤自燃的主要原则是抑制煤氧化,防止热量积聚。现阶段的主要阻化剂主要是NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2等无机盐物理阻化剂,这些阻化剂只是在煤表面或周围吸收水分,降低煤的温度,但仅仅只是物理环境发生改变,煤的分子结构中的活化基团没有发生改变,随着时间的延长,没表面或周围的环境发生改变,煤又可以达到自燃的目的,不能从根本上抑制煤自燃。因此可以发现物理阻化剂具有阻化时间短、有复发性、不能从根本上阻化煤自燃的特点。
现阶段的阻化剂只是单方面的解决煤自燃情况,从未对阻化剂进行回收利用,这样造成了环境的污染,同时也加大了灭火的成本。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,由[BMIM][I]离子液体和水按照一定比例构成;所述的[BMIM][I]离子液体是呈碱性的盐溶液,是一种易溶于水、乙醇,难溶于乙醚及烷烃的液体,热分解温度在265℃。
优选地,所述离子液体的质量分数为10%-20%。
优选地,所述离子液体的质量分数为20%-30%。
优选地,所述离子液体的质量分数为30%-40%。
上述离子液体是一类新型的有机溶剂,具有非挥发性、低熔点、宽液程、良好的导热性、高比热容、高热稳定性其他化学阻化剂不具有的特点,在催化反应、加氢反应、氧化反应、羰基化反应、有机合成、分离及纯化及电化学等领域均有重要体现。
上述离子液体阻化剂是一种可回收,循环利用的阻化剂。
上述离子液体阻化剂能够破坏煤分子中较为活跃的烃基、脂肪烃官能团、含氧官能团、芳香烃造成破坏,这样使得煤分子结构中较为活跃,易于氧化的活性基团变得较为稳定。煤分子中活跃基团发生缺失,导致大分子结构被破坏。分子中易于氧化的7种活化官能团发生改变。从而导致煤分子结构从根本上发生变化,氧化性降低。这种阻化是化学阻化,煤分子与阻化剂离子液体发生化学反应,与现阶段物理阻化剂最大的区别是具有不可凝性和无复发性。与普通化学阻化剂相比,成分单一,可回收利用。
基于上述理论,本发明阻化剂的成分是离子液体[BMIM][I],其作用是与煤分子结构发生不可逆的化学反应,破坏煤分子结构,煤分子活性降低,并且这种离子液体粘度较大,分解温度较高,对煤水分的吸收起到保湿作用。由于分解温度较高,不会受外界温度的影响。
为了使离子液体阻化剂发生显著作用,因此在煤容易自燃的的环境中效果更为明显,煤分子完全暴露在离子液体阻化剂中,能够更为完全的相互发生反应。
发明的具体方法是根据煤自燃倾向性,煤自燃倾向性等级为容易自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择30%-40%。煤自燃倾向性等级为自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择20%-30%。煤自燃倾向性等级为不容易自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择10%-20%。通过配置将阻化剂装制在喷洒装置中,通过加压,到达煤自燃的各个领域。建立离子液体循环系统,将溢流到地面的离子液体阻化剂收集,然后通过净化系统,循环使用离子液体。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所得离子液体阻化剂的降低煤了的活化性降低,能彻底的抑制煤自燃,可以将阻化剂回收利用,适合在煤粉等易于积聚的地方如煤仓、工厂等,操作简单,经济适用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的作用机理图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供了一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,由[BMIM][I]离子液体和水按照一定比例构成;所述的[BMIM][I]离子液体是呈碱性的盐溶液,是一种易溶于水、乙醇,难溶于乙醚及烷烃的液体,热分解温度在265℃.
发明的具体方法是根据煤自燃倾向性,煤自燃倾向性等级为容易自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择30%-40%。煤自燃倾向性等级为自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择20%-30%。煤自燃倾向性等级为不容易自燃的煤,[BMIM][I]浓度选择10%-20%。通过配置将阻化剂装制在喷洒装置中,通过加压,到达煤自燃的各个领域。建立离子液体循环系统,将溢流到地面的离子液体阻化剂收集,然后通过净化系统,循环使用离子液体
选取[BMIM][I]离子液体,按照10%,20%,30%,40%配置四种浓度,按照煤矿通用阻化技术称取20g,量取上述4种浓度25ml,浸泡24h后干燥,将浸泡后的液体收集。分析结果如下:
(1)在谱峰中识别各个官能团位置,然后在指纹区进行验证,最后比较各个官能团的变化,经识别和计算,发现烃基、脂肪烃官能团、含氧官能团、芳香烃面积显著减少,说明对这四类官能团破坏最为明显。
(2)最后研究发现使用本发明的离子液体阻化剂特征温度升高,利用曲线拟合和遗传学算法相结合论证,发现使用本发明的离子液体阻化剂活化能升高,指标性气体CO量减少。
(3)将试验后的离子液体进行回收,放在80℃的炉子中进行蒸发,通过测试导电率,最后经计算发现,回收率达到73%-87%。
综合多个因素,发现本发明的离子液体阻化剂[BMIM][I]在所选择的四种阻化剂中效果最好,且回收率也高,符合各项指标。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,其特征在于:由[BMIM][I]离子液体和水按照一定比例构成;所述的[BMIM][I]离子液体是呈碱性的盐溶液,是一种易溶于水、乙醇,难溶于乙醚及烷烃的液体,热分解温度在265℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,其特征在于:所述离子液体的质量分数为10%-20%。
3.如权利要求1所述的抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,其特征在于:所述离子液体的质量分数为20%-30%。
4.如权利要求1所述的抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,其特征在于:所述离子液体的质量分数为30%-40%。
5.如权利要求1所述的抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂,其特征在于:在应用中根据煤自燃等级选择阻化剂浓度,煤自燃倾向性等级为容易自燃的煤,离子液体中[BMIM][I]浓度选择30%-40%。煤自燃倾向性等级为自燃的煤,离子液体中[BMIM][I]浓度选择20%-30%。煤自燃倾向性等级为不容易自燃的煤,离子液体中[BMIM][I]浓度选择10%-20%。
CN201611163805.3A 2016-12-06 2016-12-06 一种抑制煤自燃的环保型离子液体阻化剂 Expired - Fee Related CN106947500B (zh)

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