CN106936374A - A new Trombone wall with photovoltaic cells in the middle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel Teflon cloth wall with a built-in photovoltaic cell, which comprises a transparent cover plate, a photovoltaic cell panel, a PCM phase-change heat storage plate and a wall heat insulation layer on a wall body, wherein the transparent cover plate, the photovoltaic cell panel, the PCM phase-change heat storage plate and the wall heat insulation layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the left side of the PCM phase-change heat storage plate is tightly attached to the photovoltaic cell panel, an air flow channel is formed between the right side of the PCM phase-change heat storage plate and the wall heat insulation layer, an outdoor upper air opening and an outdoor lower air opening are. In winter, the outdoor upper air opening and the outdoor lower air opening are closed, the indoor upper air opening and the indoor lower air opening are opened, and heat generated by the photovoltaic cell can flow into the room for heating or is partially absorbed by the PCM phase-change heat storage material when the photovoltaic cell can generate electricity; in summer, the indoor upper air opening and the indoor lower air opening are closed, the outdoor upper air opening and the outdoor lower air opening are opened, the photovoltaic cell generates electricity, and the heat on the back surface of the photovoltaic cell is partially absorbed by the PCM phase change heat storage material or is taken away by flowing air of the air flow channel, so that the photovoltaic cell is cooled. Compared with the existing built-in type special-shaped cloth wall with photovoltaic cells, the invention has the advantages of high photovoltaic power generation efficiency, low possibility of overheating, high heat utilization efficiency and freezing prevention.

Description

A new Trombone wall with photovoltaic cells in the middle

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic photothermal utilization and building integration, and specifically relates to a new type of Tron cloth wall with a photovoltaic cell centrally installed in combination with a building for controllable heating and power generation.

Background technique

The Trombe wall proposed in 1966 was named after the French scientist Felix Trombe, and scholars at home and abroad have been studying it for half a century since then. The traditional Trombe wall is composed of transparent cover plate, air flow channel, upper and lower baffles, upper and lower air outlets and heat collecting wall. The working principle of the Trombone wall; during the day, the heat-collecting wall painted black on the surface absorbs sunlight and heats the air in the air flow channel. The heated air will flow from bottom to top through the action of siphon force, and flow into the room through the upper air outlet for heating. The air in the room, and at the same time, part of the heat is transferred to the room through the south-facing wall for heating; at night, the heat stored in the south wall will be slowly released into the room to ensure that the indoor temperature will not fluctuate too much during the day and night.

After half a century of development, the Trombe wall has been widely used and has many improvement plans, such as adding an insulation layer behind the heat collecting wall, which can reduce the indoor heat load in summer. But it has the shortcomings of single function and unattractive appearance, which greatly affects its promotion and application. At present, there are some photothermal or photovoltaic utilization patents related to Trombe walls in China. For example, CN1944829A discloses a photovoltaic passive heating system, a photoelectric photothermal comprehensive utilization system that combines photovoltaic cells with Trombe walls. For photovoltaic power generation technology, 80% of the sunlight irradiated on photovoltaic cells is not converted into electrical energy, but converted into thermal energy, which will increase the temperature of photovoltaic cells and reduce their photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this photovoltaic passive heating system, photovoltaic cells are laminated on the back of the transparent cover of the Trombone wall using lamination technology, and the photovoltaic cells can be taken away by the air flow in the air channel between the transparent cover and the heat collecting wall. The heat on the surface of the battery will cause the temperature of the photovoltaic cell to drop, increasing the power generation of the photovoltaic cell; laminating the photovoltaic cell on the transparent cover can make the appearance of the Trombe wall more beautiful. This photovoltaic passive heating system combined with photovoltaic cells and traditional Trombe walls solves the problems of single function and unattractive appearance of traditional Trombe walls.

The above-mentioned photovoltaic passive heating system also has a series of defects. For example, the photovoltaic cells laminated on the transparent cover will block most of the sunlight from entering the Trombe wall, which will affect the utilization of solar radiation by the Trombe wall; The generated heat will be directly dissipated into the ambient air through the transparent cover, which will reduce the heat utilization efficiency.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the shortcomings of the traditional trombone wall's single function and unattractive appearance, as well as the above-mentioned photovoltaic passive heating wall's shortcomings of poor utilization of solar radiation and decreased thermal efficiency, the present invention proposes a system that can satisfy heating and photovoltaic power generation in winter and can take into account thermal efficiency. A new type of Trombone wall with photovoltaic cells in the middle.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A new Trombone wall with a photovoltaic cell in the middle, including a transparent cover plate, a photovoltaic cell panel, a PCM phase change heat storage plate, and a wall insulation layer on the wall, which are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside. The left side of the hot plate is attached to the photovoltaic panel, and the air flow channel is formed between the right side of the PCM phase change heat storage plate and the heat insulation layer of the wall. The upper and lower parts of the air flow channel are respectively provided with outdoor upper and lower air outlets. The upper and lower positions of the floors are respectively provided with indoor upper and lower air outlets, and the outdoor upper and lower air outlets and the indoor upper and lower air outlets can be selectively opened and closed.

As an improved technical solution of the present invention, the distance between the photovoltaic cell panel and the transparent cover plate is 1-5 cm, and the distance between the PCM phase change heat storage plate and the wall insulation layer is 5-25 cm.

As an improved technical solution of the present invention, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower air outlets in the room to the cross-sectional area of the air flow channel is 0.5-0.7.

As an improved technical solution of the present invention, the back plate of the photovoltaic cell panel is made of thermally conductive insulating plastic, the PCM phase change heat storage plate is made of thermally conductive insulating plastic packaged phase change heat storage material, and the photovoltaic cell panel The thermally conductive insulating plastic and the thermally conductive insulating plastic of the PCM phase change heat storage plate are bonded together with thermally conductive adhesive.

As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the phase change thermal storage material is mainly composed of 2-5%wt of nano-two-dimensional material, 0.5-1.5%wt of nano-silver, 0.1-1%wt of nano-hydroxyferrite, surfactant 0-1%wt, 0-1%wt of silane coupling agent, 1-4%wt of inorganic salt, 2-3.5%wt of guar gum, 6-15%wt of polyvinyl alcohol and the balance of water.

Further, the phase change heat storage material is mainly composed of 3.2-4.2%wt of nano-two-dimensional material, 0.6-1%wt of nano-silver, 0.3-0.8%wt of nano-hydroxyferrite, 0-0.6%wt of surfactant, It is composed of 0.2-0.8%wt of silane coupling agent, 2-3.5%wt of inorganic salt, 2.5-3%wt of guar gum, 8-12%wt of polyvinyl alcohol and the balance of water.

Preferably, the phase change heat storage material is mainly composed of 3.8%wt of nano-two-dimensional material, 0.8%wt of nano-silver, 0.5%wt of nano-hydroxyferrite, 0.2%wt of surfactant, 0.5%wt of silane coupling agent, It consists of 2.8%wt of inorganic salt, 2.8%wt of guar gum, 10%wt of polyvinyl alcohol and the balance of water.

Further, the nano two-dimensional material includes at least one of molybdenum sulfide two-dimensional material, tungsten selenide two-dimensional material, black phosphorus two-dimensional material and bismuth selenide two-dimensional material with a thickness of 1-10 nm.

Further, the particle size of the nano-silver is 2-20 nm, and the particle size of the nano-hydroxyferrite is 2-20 nm.

Further, the surfactant includes vinyl bis stearamide, acyl oleate, monoglyceride stearate, glyceryl tristearate, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, p-aminobenzoic acid , urethane, urea, amide, acetamide at least one, the silane coupling agent includes vinyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane , at least one of methylvinyldimethoxysilane, and the inorganic salt includes at least one of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrate.

Further, the volume change of the phase change material during the phase change process is 1-3%, and it is pasty in the environment higher than the phase change temperature point, and it is gel in the environment lower than the phase change temperature point shape.

As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the PCM phase change heat storage plate is made by embedding the PCM phase change heat storage package array into the phase change plate array frame, fixing it into a whole plate, and then encapsulating it with thermally conductive and insulating plastic. Advantage of the present invention compared with prior art:

The novel Troncloth wall with a photovoltaic cell placed in the middle of the present invention can not only carry out indoor heating, but also carry out photovoltaic power generation. Compared with the traditional single heating function Trombone wall, the function is diversified and the appearance is beautiful; compared with the photovoltaic passive heating system disclosed in the aforementioned CN1944829A, the photovoltaic cell area is larger, and the heat loss of the system to the environment is smaller , which has a lower impact on the indoor heat load in summer. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and installation, more convenient practicality, beautiful appearance and broad application prospect.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the working mode of the novel trombe wall of the present invention in summer.

Fig. 3 is another kind of working mode of the novel trombe wall of the present invention in summer.

Fig. 4 is the working pattern of the novel trombone wall of the present invention during the daytime in winter.

Fig. 5 is the working mode of the novel trombone wall of the present invention at night in winter.

The meanings of the serial numbers in the figure are as follows:

1-transparent cover plate, 2-photovoltaic cell, 3-PCM phase change heat storage plate, 4-air flow channel, 5-wall insulation layer, 6-outdoor upper baffle, 7-outdoor upper air outlet, 8-outdoor lower Baffle plate, 9-outdoor air outlet, 10-indoor upper air outlet, 11-indoor upper air outlet, 12-indoor lower air outlet, 13-indoor lower air outlet.

detailed description

The novel Trombe wall of the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, the photovoltaic cell center-mounted new Trombone wall of the present invention includes a transparent cover plate 1 parallel to each other, a photovoltaic cell panel 2, a PCM phase change heat storage plate 3, and a wall insulation layer 5 on the wall. The left side of the PCM phase-change heat storage plate 3 is in close contact with the photovoltaic cell panel 2 , and an air flow channel 4 is formed between the right side of the PCM phase-change heat storage plate 3 and the wall insulation layer 5 . The upper part of the air flow channel 4 is provided with an outdoor upper air outlet 7, and the lower part is provided with an outdoor lower air outlet 9; an outdoor upper baffle 6 and an outdoor lower baffle 8 are installed on the upper and lower outdoor air outlets; There are indoor upper air outlets 11 on the top, and indoor lower air outlets 12 on the bottom; Indoor upper and lower air outlets are respectively equipped with indoor upper baffle plate 10 and indoor lower baffle plate 13. By placing the photovoltaic cell panel 2 inside the transparent cover plate 1 , the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell panel 2 will not be directly dissipated into the air, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 2 . The PCM phase change heat storage plate 3 is attached to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 2, which can absorb part of the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell panel 2, help the photovoltaic cell panel 2 to cool down, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 2, thereby further improving the photovoltaic cell. In addition, in cold regions, the PCM phase change heat storage board 3 can also release latent heat when it is cold, so as to protect the photovoltaic panel 2 from being damaged by freezing, and it can also provide indoor cooling in cold nights. heat supply, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic cell panel 2 again.

The distance between the photovoltaic cell panel 2 and the transparent cover plate 1 should not be too large. If the distance is too large, the negative impact of the shadow of the frame on the photovoltaic cells will be increased. Therefore, the distance between the photovoltaic cell panel 2 and the transparent cover plate 1 is 1 to 5 cm, preferably 3 cm, and the distance between the PCM phase change heat storage plate 3 and the wall insulation layer 5 is 5 to 25 cm, preferably 15 cm. . As a preferred solution of the present invention, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower air outlets in the room to the cross-sectional area of the air flow channel is 0.5-0.7.

Since the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is transferred to the PCM phase-change heat storage material plate 3 through the back plate of the photovoltaic cell plate 2, and then the air in the air channel 4 is heated by the back plate of the phase-change heat storage material plate 3, it is necessary to use photovoltaic Both the back plate of the battery panel 2 and the shell of the PCM phase-change heat storage material plate 3 have high thermal conductivity, and the photovoltaic battery panel 2 should be prevented at the same time. The present invention uses heat-conducting and insulating plastics to make the back plate of the photovoltaic battery panel 2, and uses heat-conducting and insulating plastics to encapsulate phase-change heat storage materials to make PCM phase-change heat storage material plates 3. In order to enhance the heat transfer effect between the photovoltaic cell panel 2 and the PCM phase change heat storage material plate 3, heat conduction adhesive is used between the heat conduction insulating plastic of the photovoltaic cell plate 2 and the heat conduction insulation plastic of the PCM phase change heat storage plate 3 Sticking together, of course, you can also use thermal conductive glue, at least the heat transfer effect is slightly worse. For the convenience of manufacture, the PCM phase-change heat storage plate 3 can be made by embedding the PCM phase-change heat storage package array into the phase-change plate array frame, fixing it into a whole plate, and then encapsulating it with thermally conductive and insulating plastic.

In the present invention, the phase change temperature of the phase change thermal storage material is 20°C to 30°C, and its main components are nano-two-dimensional material 3.2-4.2%wt, nano-silver 0.6-1%wt, nano-hydroxyferrite 0.3-0.8% %wt, surfactant 0-0.6%wt, silane coupling agent 0.2-0.8%wt, inorganic salt 2-3.5%wt, guar gum 2.5-3%wt, polyvinyl alcohol 8-12%wt, water quantity. The preparation method is as follows: 1) uniformly blending nano-two-dimensional material, nano-silver, nano-hydroxyferrite, surfactant, silane coupling agent, and polyvinyl alcohol; 2) dispersing guar gum in water, heating to 50-60°C, melt and swell the guar gum to form a transparent colloidal liquid 1; 3) then add the inorganic salt to the transparent colloidal liquid in step 2), stir and dissolve to obtain a colloidal liquid 2; 4) combine the Add the blend into the colloidal liquid 2 prepared in step 3), stir evenly to obtain a paste material; 5) put the paste material prepared in step 4) into an aluminum box, cool to 5-20°C, and obtain a gel Colloidal phase-change heat storage material; 6) When the gel-like phase-change heat storage material obtained in step 5) is heated to greater than 30°C, the phase-change heat storage material changes from gel to paste; 7) again After cooling, the gel-like phase change heat storage material can be obtained again.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 1 is as follows:

The phase change temperature of phase change thermal storage material 1 is 20° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1.9%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 2 is as follows:

The phase transition temperature of the phase change thermal storage material 2 is 23° C., and the volume change during the phase transition process is 1.4%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 3 is as follows:

The phase change temperature of the phase change thermal storage material 3 is 27° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 4 is as follows:

The phase transition temperature of the phase change thermal storage material 4 is 27° C., and the volume change during the phase transition process is 2.2%.

The formula of phase change heat storage material five is as follows:

The phase change temperature of the phase change thermal storage material 5 is 30° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 3%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material six is as follows:

The phase change temperature of phase change thermal storage material 6 is 25° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1.3%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 7 is as follows:

The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material 7 is 25° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1.7%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 8 is as follows:

The phase change temperature of phase change thermal storage material 8 is 21° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1.9%.

The formula of phase change thermal storage material 9 is as follows:

The phase change temperature of the phase change thermal storage material 9 is 27° C., and the volume change during the phase change process is 1.1%.

Since the phase change thermal storage material of the present invention is in the form of paste or gel, the volume change during the phase change process is small, so it is not easy to leak when packaged in an aluminum box, and the use is safer and more reliable.

In the present invention, the photovoltaic cell middle-mounted new Trombone wall is as follows:

As shown in Figure 2, in summer, close the indoor upper baffle plate 10 and the indoor lower baffle plate 13, so that the indoor upper air outlet 11 and the indoor lower air outlet 12 are in a closed state, and the outdoor upper baffle plate 6 and the indoor lower air outlet 12 are opened simultaneously. The outdoor lower baffle plate 8 can make the outdoor upper air outlet 7 and the outdoor lower air outlet 9 be in an open state. During the daytime in summer, the air in the air channel 4 is heated and flows from bottom to top through the action of siphon force. Part of the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell is absorbed by the PCM phase change heat storage plate, and part of it will be taken away from the photovoltaic cell by the flowing air. Function, reduce the operating temperature of photovoltaic cells, and ensure that photovoltaic cells are in a high-efficiency working state. The air flow channel 4 also prevents the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell from directly heating the wall, which can reduce the indoor heat load compared with the existing trombe wall or photovoltaic trombe wall.

As shown in Figure 3, during the daytime in summer, close the indoor upper baffle 10 and the outdoor lower baffle 8, so that the indoor upper air outlet 11 and the outdoor lower air outlet 9 are in a closed state, and at the same time open the outdoor upper baffle 6 and the indoor air outlet. The lower baffle plate 13 can make the outdoor upwind port 7 and the indoor downwind port 12 in an open state. The air in the air flow channel 4 is heated, and through the action of siphon force, the air circulation path of indoor air-indoor lower air outlet 12-air flow channel 4-outdoor upper air outlet 11 can be formed. On the one hand, the air flows on the back of the PCM phase change heat storage plate 3, which can take away the heat conducted from the back plate of the photovoltaic cell panel 2, effectively reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell; on the other hand, the room can be naturally ventilated in this way.

As shown in Figure 4, during the winter day, open the indoor upper baffle plate 10 and the indoor lower baffle plate 13, so that the indoor upper air outlet 11 and the indoor lower air outlet 12 are in an open state, and at the same time close the outdoor upper baffle plate 6 and the indoor lower air outlet 13. The outdoor lower baffle plate 8 can make the outdoor upwind port 7 and the outdoor downwind port 9 in a closed state. In winter, the air in the air channel 4 is heated and flows from bottom to top through the action of siphon force. Indoor air enters the air channel 4 between the PCM phase change heat storage plate 3 and the wall insulation layer 5 through the indoor lower air outlet 12, and the heated air flows into the room through the indoor upper air outlet 11, which can effectively increase the indoor air temperature. While heating the room, it also takes away the heat of the air passage, so that the photovoltaic cells can be cooled and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cells can be improved. At night in winter, the phase-change heat storage plate 3 releases latent heat to heat the air in the air passage 4, which can also increase the indoor air temperature at night.

As shown in Figure 5, at night in winter, close the indoor upper baffle 10 and the indoor lower baffle 13, the indoor upper air outlet 11 and the indoor lower air outlet 12 are in a closed state; close the outdoor upper baffle 6 and the outdoor lower baffle The plate 8 can make the outdoor upper air outlet 7 and the outdoor lower air outlet 9 in a closed state. Close all air outlets to prevent indoor heat from flowing out through the air outlets and maintain indoor temperature.

The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, replacements, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A new type of Trombone wall with a photovoltaic cell in the middle, including a transparent cover plate, a photovoltaic cell panel, a PCM phase change heat storage plate, and a wall insulation layer on the wall, which are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and the PCM phase The left side of the variable heat storage plate is attached to the photovoltaic panel, and the air flow channel is formed between the right side of the PCM phase change heat storage plate and the heat insulation layer of the wall. The upper and lower positions of the body insulation layer are respectively provided with indoor upper and lower air outlets, and the outdoor upper and lower air outlets and the indoor upper and lower air outlets can be selectively opened and closed. 2. The photovoltaic cell center-mounted new Trombone wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the photovoltaic cell panel and the transparent cover plate is 1-5 cm, and the PCM phase change heat storage plate and the The distance between the insulation layers of the wall is 5-25cm. 3. According to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the upper and lower air outlets in the room to the cross-sectional area of the air flow channel is 0.5-0.7. 4. The photovoltaic cell center-mounted new Trombone wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: the back plate of the photovoltaic cell panel is made of thermally conductive and insulating plastic, and the PCM phase change heat storage plate is made of thermally conductive and insulating plastic It is made of encapsulated phase change heat storage material, and the heat conduction insulating plastic of the photovoltaic battery panel and the heat conduction insulation plastic of the PCM phase change heat storage plate are glued together with heat conduction adhesive. 5. The photovoltaic cell mid-mounted new Trombone wall according to claim 4, characterized in that: the phase change thermal storage material is mainly composed of nano two-dimensional material 2-5%wt, nano-silver 0.5-1.5%wt, Nano-hydroxyferrite 0.1-1%wt, surfactant 0-1%wt, silane coupling agent 0-1%wt, inorganic salt 1-4%wt, guar gum 2-3.5%wt, polyvinyl alcohol 6~15%wt, the balance of water. 6. The photovoltaic cell mid-mounted new Tron cloth wall according to claim 5, characterized in that: the nanometer two-dimensional material includes molybdenum sulfide two-dimensional material, tungsten selenide two-dimensional material, black At least one of phosphorus two-dimensional material and bismuth selenide two-dimensional material. 7 . The photovoltaic cell mid-mounted new Trombone wall according to claim 5 , characterized in that: the particle size of the nano-silver is 2-20 nm, and the particle size of the nano-hydroxyferrite is 2-20 nm. 8. The photovoltaic cell middle-mounted new Tron cloth wall according to claim 5, characterized in that: the surfactant comprises vinyl bis stearamide, oleic acid acyl, stearic acid monoglyceride, tristearyl At least one of triglycerides, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, sodium salicylate, p-aminobenzoic acid, urethane, urea, amide, acetamide, and the silane coupling agent includes vinyltriethoxysilane , methyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methylvinyldimethoxysilane at least one, the inorganic salts include potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride , potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate at least one. 9. The photovoltaic cell mid-mounted new Trombone wall according to claim 5, characterized in that: the volume change of the phase change material during the phase transition process is 1-3%, which is higher than the phase transition temperature point It is pasty at ambient and gelatinous at temperatures below the phase transition temperature point. 10. According to any one of claims 5-9, the photovoltaic cell middle-mounted new Trombone wall is characterized in that: the PCM phase change heat storage plate is embedded in the phase change plate array frame by the PCM phase change heat storage package array Inside, it is fixed into a whole board, and then it is made of thermally conductive and insulating plastic package.