CN106932779A - Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and measuring method - Google Patents
Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/52006—Means for monitoring or calibrating with provision for compensating the effects of temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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Abstract
The invention belongs to weather monitoring field, specifically a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and measuring method.The measurement apparatus include display interface, keyboard region, scalable transverse arm, ultrasonic sensor, core controller, rechargable power supplies, temperature sensor, monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit, housing, terminal computer or automatic weather station and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions units；The present invention is a kind of second echo-signal that the first time echo-signal and snow stake zero point reflection reflected from accumulated snow surface is received by ultrasonic sensor, signal is processed, useful signal required for enhancing, suppress useless interference and noise, and extract information that signal included and measure the Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and measuring method of snow depth, solve the problems, such as that the mechanical structure of the ultrasonic snow depth measuring instrument that prior art is present needs often to safeguard, is dfficult to apply to environment complexity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to weather monitoring field, specifically a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and survey
Amount method.
Background technology
In recent years due to Global climate change, frequent natural calamity occurs, particularly 2008, the attack of especially big snowstorm
Cause the interruption of China's north and south lifeline.The size of snowfall suffers from serious shadow to industrial and agricultural production, communications and transportation
Ring, while the work for giving people and life bring great inconvenience.As can be seen here, the real-time monitoring for snow depth has ten
Divide important meaning.
The method that current snow survey is used mainly has two kinds：Artificial observation and physical detecting.Artificial observation method is present
Many drawbacks such as poor in timeliness, space-time density deficiency, it is impossible to comprehensively, continuously reflect the change procedure of accumulated snow, it is often more important that difficult
To collect the snowfall data of various regions in real time.Physical detecting method is divided into following several：It is optical scanning method, double-rod method, single pole method, super
Sonic method and laser method, wherein the most commonly used is supercritical ultrasonics technology and laser method.Because laser method manufacture difficulty is big, cost compared with
Height, optical system needs the moment to keep clean, otherwise has a strong impact on the precision of measurement.Therefore supercritical ultrasonics technology is widely used
In the measurement of accumulated snow, ultrasonic snow depth survey meter also turns into the important tool of snow depth measurement.
The operation principle of conventional ultrasonic wave snow depth detection device is ultrasonic sensor transmitting ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic wave is in air
Middle propagation, transmission signal reflects after running into accumulated snow surface, and sensor receives echo-signal, by calculating ultrasonic wave from hair
The time difference of reception is mapped to, sensor to the distance on accumulated snow surface is obtained, by snow depth computing formula, snow depth value is obtained.
The measurement of snow depth is carried out using traditional method, measurement error is big, and precision is low.Current existing ultrasonic snow depth both at home and abroad
Measuring instrument is fixed measurement apparatus, is to be fixed on measured zone by support and base to install out of doors, therefore can only survey
The snow depth in amount fixation measuring region, due to outdoor environment rather harsh, places have mechanical wear and corrosion for a long time, needs
Want staff often to safeguard, be especially not applied for the snow depth measurement in environment complexity field.
The content of the invention
The invention provides it is a kind of by ultrasonic sensor receive from accumulated snow surface reflect first time echo-signal and
Second echo-signal of snow stake zero point reflection, is processed signal, the useful signal required for enhancing, is suppressed useless and is done
Disturb and noise, and extract information that signal included measure snow depth Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus and
Measuring method, solving the mechanical structure of the ultrasonic snow depth measuring instrument of prior art presence needs often safeguard, be difficult to apply
In the problem that environment is complicated.
Technical solution of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings as follows:
A kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus, the measurement apparatus 12 include display interface 1, keyboard region 2, can
Flexible transverse arm 3, ultrasonic sensor 4, core controller 5, rechargable power supplies 6, temperature sensor 7, monitoring side Zigbee is wireless
Communications unit 8, housing 9, terminal computer or automatic weather station 10 and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11；
One end of wherein described scalable transverse arm 3 is mutually fixed with one end of housing 9；Described display interface 1 is fixed on scalable horizontal stroke
Directly over the end of arm 3；The center of the end profile of scalable transverse arm 3 is fixed in described keyboard region 2；Described core control
The center that device 5 is fixed on inside housing 9；The top position that described rechargable power supplies 6 are fixed on inside housing 9；It is described
Temperature sensor 7 be fixed on the center of the left surface of housing 9；Described monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 is solid
It is scheduled on the left surface of housing 9；The display output end of described core controller 5 is connected with the signal input part of display interface 1；It is described
The keyboard signal input of core controller 5 be connected with the signal output part of keyboard region 2；Described core controller 5 it is super
Acoustic signals input is connected with the signal output part of ultrasonic sensor 4；The temperature signal input of described core controller 5
End is connected with the temperature signal output end of temperature sensor 7；The wireless signal output end and input of described core controller 5
It is connected with the wireless signal input of monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 or output end；Described monitoring client Zigbee
The wireless signal output of wireless communication transmissions unit 11 or input and terminal computer or the signal input of automatic weather station 10
Or output end connection
Described keyboard region 2 includes start button 21 and X button 22.
Described core controller 5 include microprocessor 51, drive circuit 52, two-stage amplifying circuit 53, filter circuit 54,
Hysteresis comparison circuit 55 and EEPROM 56；The control signal output of wherein described microprocessor 51
Signal input part with drive circuit 52 is connected；The signal output part of described drive circuit 52 and the letter of ultrasonic sensor 4
The connection of number input；The signal output part of described ultrasonic sensor 4 is connected with the signal input part of two-stage amplifying circuit 53；
The signal output part of described two-stage amplifying circuit 53 is connected with the signal input part of filter circuit 54；Described filter circuit 54
Signal output part be connected with the signal input part of hysteresis comparison circuit 55；The signal output part of described hysteresis comparison circuit 55
It is connected with the input time capture end of microprocessor 51；The memory signals of described EEPROM 56 are defeated
Go out or input is connected with the memory signals input of microprocessor 51 or output end.
The core chip of the model STM32F103C8 that described microprocessor 51 is produced using ST companies
A kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measuring method, the measuring method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, the start button 21 pressed in keyboard region 2, start this measurement, at the beginning of core controller 5 controls each module
Beginningization, initialization is completed after display on display interface 1；
Step 2, site temperature is read using temperature sensor 7, with reference to the relation of ultrasonic propagation velocity and temperature,
The amendment aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, reduces the measurement error of snow depth as far as possible, improves the essence of snow depth measurement
Accuracy；
Step 3, the transmitting ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic sensor 4, ultrasonic wave are propagated, run into accumulated snow surface and be reflected back in atmosphere
Carry out first time echo-signal, second echo-signal is reflected from snow stake zero point through accumulated snow surface, by core processor 5
Signal transacting, obtain the time interval of signal twice, with reference to revised ultrasonic propagation velocity in step 2, obtain measurement
The snow depth h measurement results in region；
The snow depth value obtained in step 4, the site temperature that will be gathered in step 2 and step 3 passes through monitoring side
Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 sends, and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11 is sent to terminal meter after receiving
Calculation machine or automatic weather station 10, meet the demand of real-time monitoring；
Step 5, the data that will be transmitted in step 4 are shown by display interface 1 so that operator's real-time awareness measurement
The Snow Thickness in region, so return to step two, circulation obtain real-time snow depth value and site temperature；
Step 6, the X button 22 pressed in keyboard region 2, terminate this measurement.
The computing formula of snow depth h is in described step three：
H=D-H=v*t2/2-v*t1/ 2=v (t2-t1)/2
In formula, D is distance of the measurement apparatus to snow stake zero point, and unit is m；H is distance of the measurement apparatus to accumulated snow surface,
Unit is m；V is the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, and unit is m/s；t1It is to be transmitted into be received back to for the first time from ultrasonic wave
The time that ripple signal is spent, unit is s；t2It is to be transmitted into the time that second reception echo-signal is spent from ultrasonic wave,
Unit is s.
The aerial spread speed v of described ultrasonic wave is with the relation of temperature,
V=331.4 (Ta/273.15)
Ta=273.15+t
In formula, TaIt is Fahrenheit temperature, t is Celsius temperature.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention measures the snow depth in region to be measured by hand-held ultrasound snow depth measurement apparatus, overcomes existing
In ultrasonic snow depth e measurement technology, due to instrument can not the property moved cause to measure the snow depth of FX, and exist
Mechanical structure maintenance issues, and then reduce the maintenance cost of system to a certain extent.
2nd, this method receives the first time echo-signal and snow stake zero point that are reflected from accumulated snow surface by ultrasonic sensor
Second echo-signal of reflection, is processed signal, the useful signal required for enhancing, is suppressed useless interference and is made an uproar
Sound, and extract information that signal included and measure snow depth, sending terminal to by Zigbee communication unit wireless calculates
Machine or automatic weather station, realize the demand of automatic measurement, instead of the manual measurement method for wasting time and energy, comprehensively, continuously
The change procedure of ground reflection accumulated snow, reduces snow depth measurement error, improves the precision of snow depth measurement.
3rd, the present invention shows current measured zone to operating personnel in real time by the display interface on scalable transverse arm
Snow depth, overcome traditional snow depth measuring instrument can only distal end on-line monitoring shortcoming.
4th, by the present invention in that with communication efficiency is high, reliable operation Zigbee be wirelessly transferred without live line by with
Terminal is communicated, and improves the reliability of system.
5th, the present invention is portable hand-held snow survey device, therefore except can apply to weather monitoring field, it is existing in industry
, army's traveling etc. is all widely used, and is particularly well-suited to the measurement in environment complexity field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is surface structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is system architecture diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is operation principle schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 4 is workflow schematic diagram of the invention.
In figure：1st, display interface；2nd, keyboard region；21st, start button；22nd, X button；3rd, scalable transverse arm；4th, ultrasound
Wave sensor；5th, core controller；51st, microprocessor；52nd, drive circuit；53rd, two-stage amplifying circuit；54th, filter circuit；55、
Hysteresis comparison circuit；56th, EEPROM；6th, rechargable power supplies；7th, temperature sensor；8th, monitoring side
Zigbee wireless communication transmissions units；9th, housing；10th, terminal computer or automatic weather station；11st, monitoring client Zigbee channel radios
Letter transmission unit；12nd, measurement apparatus；13rd, accumulated snow surface；14th, snow stake zero point.
Specific embodiment
Refering to Fig. 1, from surface structure Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus by display interface 1, keyboard region 2,
Scalable transverse arm 3, ultrasonic sensor 4, core controller 5, rechargable power supplies 6, temperature sensor 7, monitoring side Zigbee without
Line communications unit 8, housing 9, terminal computer or automatic weather station 10, monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11
Composition.
The display interface 1, is fixed on directly over the end of scalable transverse arm 3, for the product of display measured zone in real time
Snow depth angle value and site temperature, facilitate operator at any time to know measured value, its signal input part and core controller 5
Display signal output part connection.
The keyboard region 2, is fixed on the center of the end profile of scalable transverse arm 3, including start button 21 and closing
Button 22, for opening and closing the measurement apparatus, its signal output part connects with the keyboard signal input of core controller 5
Connect；
The scalable transverse arm 3, the length for adjusting transverse arm so that staff can measurement distance its compared with far region
Snow depth, display interface 1 and keyboard region 2 be located at the end of the transverse arm 3, and the front end of scalable transverse arm 3 passes through mechanical part
It is connected with the housing 9 of instrument.
The ultrasonic sensor 4, positioned at the center of the bottom surface of housing 9, the face is provided with the installation of ultrasonic sensor 4
Hole, the size in its aperture is coincide with the diameter of ultrasonic sensor 4, and its signal output part is believed with the ultrasonic wave of core controller 5
The connection of number input.Ultrasonic sensor 4 is used to launch and receive ultrasonic wave, realizes the function of snow depth measurement.Supersonic sensing
Device 4 uses the transmitting-receiving integrated water-proof sensors of model 40A25TR-1, and its driving frequency is 40KHz.Because ultrasonic wave exists
Propagated in air and there is decay, the design of system need to consider the influence that decay is caused to measurement.The attenuation coefficient in air dielectric
To square being directly proportional for frequency, frequency is higher, and attenuation coefficient is bigger, and ultrasonic propagation distance is shorter.Therefore need selection suitable
Frequency reduce the decay of ultrasonic wave as far as possible, in practical application, can typically select the ultrasonic wave of 30KHz~100KHz to design
Ultrasonic measurement system, through comparing discovery, selection frequency is best for the ultrasonic wave of 40KHz, can be effectively shielded from main environment
The interference of noise.
The core controller 5, the center being fixed on inside housing 9 by nut and screw rod, for realizing to aobvious
Show the control of interface 1, keyboard region 2, ultrasonic sensor 4, temperature sensor 7 and monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8
System.
Refering to Fig. 2, described core controller 5 includes microprocessor 51, drive circuit 52, two-stage amplifying circuit 53, filter
Wave circuit 54, hysteresis comparison circuit 55 and EEPROM 56 are EEPROM；
What described microprocessor 51 was selected is the core chip of ST companies production：STM32F103C8, the highest of the chip
Working frequency is 72MHz, the flash memory microcontroller with 64K bytes.It is mainly used in display interface 1, keyboard region 2, temperature
The control of sensor 7, monitoring side Zigbee wireless transmission units 8, EEPROM and signal processing circuit, merged controller,
Three kinds of functions of arithmetic unit and memory.
The effect of drive circuit 52 is the ultrasonic signal for driving ultrasonic sensor 4 to launch CF, is implemented
It is that microprocessor 51 sends control signal to control the break-make of triode, makes inductance and capacitor charge and discharge, so as to form alternating current
Ultrasonic sensor 4 is driven to send ultrasonic wave.The control signal output of microprocessor 51 and the signal input of drive circuit 52
End is connected, and the signal output part of drive circuit 52 is connected with the signal input part of ultrasonic sensor 4；
The effect of two-stage amplifying circuit 53 is that the output signal of ultrasonic sensor 4 is amplified, follow-up to facilitate
Signal transacting.The signal output part of ultrasonic sensor 4 is connected with the signal input part of two-stage amplifying circuit 53；
The effect of filter circuit 54 is that treatment is filtered to signal, and filter circuit uses the two of classics in the present invention
Rank Butterworth low pass wave circuit.The signal output part of two-stage amplifying circuit 53 is connected with the signal input part of filter circuit 54
Connect；
The effect of hysteresis comparison circuit 55 is to extract a ultrasonic wave commencing signal and two reception initial signals,
And it is converted into the recognizable digital pulse signal of microprocessor 51.The output end of filter circuit 54 is defeated with hysteresis comparison circuit 55
Enter end to be connected；The signal output part of hysteresis comparison circuit 55 is connected with the input time capture end of microprocessor 51, then
Microprocessor 51 carries out the treatment of data, obtains ultrasonic wave transmitting and the time interval for receiving, with reference to the scene temperature that measurement is obtained
Angle value, can accurately obtain snow depth value.
EEPROM56 is a kind of band EEPROM, and its advantage is that data are not lost after power down, its
Effect is that the data that measurement is obtained are stored and read, and the memory signals of EEPROM56 are exported or input and microprocessor
The memory signals input of device 51 or output end are connected.
The rechargable power supplies 6, the inclined top position being fixed on inside housing 9 by nut and screw rod, for for entirely
Measurement apparatus are powered.It is whole to ensure for modules provide suitable operating voltage by designing a series of voltage change-over circuit
The work of individual measuring system.
The temperature sensor 7, positioned at the center of the left surface of housing 9, the face is provided with the mounting hole of temperature sensor 7,
The size in its aperture is coincide with the diameter of temperature sensor 7, and its temperature signal output end is defeated with the temperature signal of core controller 5
Enter end connection.Temperature sensor 7 is used for measure field temperature value, to correct the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, improves snow
The degree of accuracy of deep measurement.Conventional temperature sensor is the temperature measurement unit using DS18B20 compositions, and measurement error is big, passes through
Even if calculate finding that small thermometric error also can produce influence, therefore temperature in the present invention to the accuracy of velocity of sound amendment
Using the platinum resistance temperature sensor with splendid interchangeability and long-time stability, its temperature range is -200 to sensor 7
~+650 DEG C, precision is ± 0.1 DEG C.Platinum resistance temperature sensor is to amplify electricity by RTD drive circuit, RTD, signal
Road, A/D change-over circuits composition.Use four-line measurement method to measure to it, reduce the measurement error that conductor resistance causes,
Measurement noise is reduced to greatest extent, improves certainty of measurement.
The monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8, positioned at the inclined top position of the left surface of housing 9, temperature is passed
At the surface 5cm of sensor 7, the face is provided with the mounting hole of antenna element, and the size in its aperture is coincide with the diameter of antenna element,
Its wireless signal is input into or output end is connected with the wireless signal output end of core controller 5 with input.Monitoring side Zigbee
Wireless communication transmissions unit 8 is used for and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 10 carries out radio communication, to realize to product
Snow depth degree and site temperature carry out the demand of real-time remote monitoring.Monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 uses this
Communication mode, can carry out the transmission of data so that outdoor measurement is more convenient in the case of without line, also ensure that and be
The simplicity that the reliability of system and installation are safeguarded.
The terminal computer or automatic weather station 10, snow depth and site temperature are shown by interface in real time, its
The input of signal or output end are connected with the output of monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11 or input；
The monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11, for monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions units
8 carry out radio communication, and the data that will be received send terminal computer or automatic weather station 10 to, meet the need of monitor in real time
Ask.The monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11 can be used
Zigbee wireless modules with CC2430 as acp chip, the wireless module mainly includes micro controller module (MCU), wireless receipts
Hair module and antenna element.Radio receiving transmitting module and antenna element are connected, and realize that the impedance matching of wireless signal, signal are put down
Weighing apparatus, send or reception state the function such as automatic switchover, the power amplification of wireless signal, both of which controlled by microprocessor module
System, the effect of micro controller module is the external Zigbee signals of reception to be monitored by radio receiving transmitting module and antenna element and is incited somebody to action
Transmitted wirelessly after data packing treatment to be sent.CC2430 chips be by Chipcon companies research and develop it is embedded for realizing
The on-chip system of Zigbee applications.Because CC2430 radio-frequency devices have been internally integrated wireless transceiver and microcontroller, can be by
CC2430 radio-frequency modules (being made up of CC2430 chips and associated peripheral circuits) regard the merging of wireless transceiver and microcontroller as
Body.Therefore wireless transmission unit is made up of CC2430 radio-frequency modules and antenna element in the present invention, is capable of achieving radio communication
Function.
Refering to Fig. 3, Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus operation principle is that Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth is surveyed
The control signal of microprocessor output and ultrasonic sensor driving frequency identical in amount device 12, ultrasonic sensor transmitting
Ultrasonic wave.Transmission signal is propagated in atmosphere, and first reflection occurs after running into accumulated snow surface 13, then runs into snow stake 0. 14
After there is the second secondary reflection, ultrasonic sensor receives the two echo-signals.Because signal is very faint, need to carry out one to it is
Column processing, amplifies including two-stage, filters and hysteresis comparison circuit, is re-fed into microprocessor, calculates snow depth
Value.
Refering to Fig. 4, a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measuring method, the measuring method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, the start button 21 pressed in keyboard region 2, start this measurement, at the beginning of core controller 5 controls each module
Beginningization, initialization is completed after display on display interface 1；
Step 2, site temperature is read using temperature sensor 7, with reference to the relation of ultrasonic propagation velocity and temperature,
The amendment aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, reduces the measurement error of snow depth as far as possible, improves the essence of snow depth measurement
Accuracy；
Step 3, the transmitting ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic sensor 4, ultrasonic wave are propagated, run into accumulated snow surface and be reflected back in atmosphere
Carry out first time echo-signal, second echo-signal is reflected from snow stake zero point through accumulated snow surface, by core processor 5
Signal transacting, obtain the time interval of signal twice, with reference to revised ultrasonic propagation velocity in step 2, obtain measurement
The snow depth h measurement results in region；
The computing formula of snow depth h is：
H=D-H=v*t2/2-v*t1/ 2=v (t2-t1)/2
In formula, D is distance of the measurement apparatus to snow stake zero point, and unit is m；H is distance of the measurement apparatus to accumulated snow surface,
Unit is m；V is the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, and unit is m/s；t1It is to be transmitted into be received back to for the first time from ultrasonic wave
The time that ripple signal is spent, unit is s；t2It is to be transmitted into the time that second reception echo-signal is spent from ultrasonic wave,
Unit is s；What snow stake 0. 13 was represented is the face on the basis of ground.
Because Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus are applied to outdoor measurement, environment is more severe, and ultrasonic wave exists
Propagated in air, measurement of its spread speed to snow depth produces very big influence, and temperature is to influence spread speed most
Main factor, if not considering influence of the temperature for measuring system, can cause system to produce larger error.Therefore in order to carry
The precision of snow depth measurement high, it is necessary to take the measure of temperature-compensating to correct ultrasonic propagation velocity.Ultrasonic propagation velocity
Relation with temperature is,
V=331.4 (Ta/273.15)
Ta=273.15+t
In formula：TaIt is Fahrenheit temperature, t is Celsius temperature.
The snow depth value obtained in step 4, the site temperature that will be gathered in step 2 and step 3 passes through monitoring side
Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 8 sends, and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit 11 is sent to terminal meter after receiving
Calculation machine or automatic weather station 10, meet the demand of real-time monitoring；
Step 5, the data that will be transmitted in step 4 are shown by display interface 1 so that operator's real-time awareness measurement
The Snow Thickness in region, so return to step two, circulation obtain real-time snow depth value and site temperature；
Step 6, the X button 22 pressed in keyboard region 2, terminate this measurement.
In sum, a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus of the present invention, the measurement apparatus it is excellent
Point：
1. portability
In overcoming existing ultrasonic snow depth e measurement technology, due to instrument can not the property moved cause that fixed area can only be measured
The snow depth in domain, and the mechanical structure maintenance issues for existing.
2. real-time monitoring
The problems that current meteorological observation department is brought using manual measurement are solved, the invention enables staff
The snowfall of measured zone can in real time be understood, the depth on-line monitoring in the fields such as meteorologic survey is can be widely used for.
3. visualization interface
Traditional snow depth measurement apparatus can only meet distal end on-line monitoring, and the present invention disclosure satisfy that onsite application, and person knows at any time
Know the demand of snow depth value.
4. the detection of site temperature
Due to the factor of natural environment, ultrasonic propagation velocity is influenceed by air themperature, by site temperature
Measure to correct spread speed, the influence of natural cause is reduced as far as possible, the precision of systematic survey is improved.
5.Zigbee is wirelessly transferred
It is high that Zigbee is wirelessly transferred communication efficiency, reliable operation so that the present invention can be with end without live line
End is communicated, and improves the reliability of system.
6. have a wide range of application
Except can apply to weather monitoring field, in industry spot, army's traveling etc. is all widely used the present invention.
Have the advantages that additionally, due to this measurement apparatus easily portable, be particularly well-suited to the measurement in the complicated field of environment.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus, it is characterised in that the measurement apparatus (12) are including display interface
(1), keyboard region (2), scalable transverse arm (3), ultrasonic sensor (4), core controller (5), rechargable power supplies (6), temperature
Sensor (7), monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (8), housing (9), terminal computer or automatic weather station (10)
With monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (11)；One end of wherein described scalable transverse arm (3) and the one of housing (9)
End is mutually fixed；Described display interface (1) is fixed on directly over scalable transverse arm (3) end；Described keyboard region (2) is fixed on
The center of scalable transverse arm (3) end profile；Described core controller (5) is fixed on the internal centre bit of housing (9)
Put；Described rechargable power supplies (6) are fixed on the internal top position of housing (9)；Described temperature sensor (7) is fixed on shell
The center of body (9) left surface；Described monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (8) is fixed on housing (9) left surface；
The display output end of described core controller (5) is connected with the signal input part of display interface (1)；Described core controller
(5) keyboard signal input is connected with the signal output part of keyboard region (2)；The ultrasonic wave letter of described core controller (5)
Number input is connected with the signal output part of ultrasonic sensor (4)；The temperature signal input of described core controller (5)
Temperature signal output end with temperature sensor (7) is connected；The wireless signal output end of described core controller (5) and input
Hold and be connected with the wireless signal input of monitoring side Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (8) or output end；Described monitoring client
The wireless signal output of Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (11) or input and terminal computer or automatic weather station (10)
Signal input or output end connection.
2. a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described key
Panel (2) includes start button (21) and X button (22).
3. a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described core
Heart controller (5) includes microprocessor (51), drive circuit (52), two-stage amplifying circuit (53), filter circuit (54), hysteresis ratio
Compared with circuit (55) and EEPROM (56)；The control signal output of wherein described microprocessor (51)
Signal input part with drive circuit (52) is connected；The signal output part and ultrasonic sensor of described drive circuit (52)
(4) signal input part connection；The signal output part of described ultrasonic sensor (4) and the signal of two-stage amplifying circuit (53)
Input is connected；The signal output part of described two-stage amplifying circuit (53) is connected with the signal input part of filter circuit (54)；
The signal output part of described filter circuit (54) is connected with the signal input part of hysteresis comparison circuit (55)；Described hysteresis ratio
It is connected with the input time capture end of microprocessor (51) compared with the signal output part of circuit (55)；Described electric erazable programmable is only
The memory signals output or input for reading memory (56) connect with the memory signals input of microprocessor (51) or output end
Connect.
4. a kind of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described is micro-
The core chip of the model STM32F103C8 that processor (51) is produced using ST companies.
5. a kind of measuring method of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the measuring method is comprised the following steps：
Step one, the start button (21) pressed in keyboard region (2), start this measurement, and core controller (5) controls each module
Initialization, initialization is completed after display on display interface (1)；
Step 2, site temperature is read using temperature sensor (7), with reference to the relation of ultrasonic propagation velocity and temperature, repaiied
The aerial spread speed of positive ultrasonic wave, reduces the measurement error of snow depth as far as possible, improves the accurate of snow depth measurement
Degree；
Step 3, ultrasonic sensor (4) transmitting ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave are propagated, run into accumulated snow surface and reflect in atmosphere
First time echo-signal, second echo-signal is reflected through accumulated snow surface from snow stake zero point, by core processor (5)
Signal transacting, obtain the time interval of signal twice, with reference to revised ultrasonic propagation velocity in step 2, obtain measurement
The snow depth h measurement results in region；
The snow depth value obtained in step 4, the site temperature that will be gathered in step 2 and step 3 passes through monitoring side
Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (8) send, and monitoring client Zigbee wireless communication transmissions unit (11) is sent to end after receiving
End computer or automatic weather station (10), meet the demand of real-time monitoring；
Step 5, the data that will be transmitted in step 4 are shown by display interface (1) so that operator's real-time awareness measurement zone
The Snow Thickness in domain, so return to step two, circulation obtain real-time snow depth value and site temperature；
Step 6, the X button (22) pressed in keyboard region (2), terminate this measurement.
6. a kind of measuring method of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 5, its feature exists
In the computing formula of snow depth h is in described step three：
H=D-H=v*t2/2-v*t1/ 2=v (t2-t1)/2
In formula, D is distance of the measurement apparatus to snow stake zero point, and unit is m；H is distance of the measurement apparatus to accumulated snow surface, unit
It is m；V is the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave, and unit is m/s；t1It is to be transmitted into receive for the first time echo letter from ultrasonic wave
Number time for being spent, unit is s；t2It is to be transmitted into the time that second reception echo-signal is spent, unit from ultrasonic wave
It is s.
7. a kind of measuring method of Portable ultrasound ripple snow depth measurement apparatus according to claim 6, its feature exists
It is with the relation of temperature in, the aerial spread speed v of described ultrasonic wave,
V=331.4 (Ta/273.15)
Ta=273.15+t
In formula, TaIt is Fahrenheit temperature, t is Celsius temperature.
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| CN108318941A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-07-24 | 东北农业大学 | Full-automatic accumulated snow parameter determinator |
| RU194014U1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-11-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет им. И.Т. Трубилина" | Portable installation for measuring the thickness of snow cover in difficult terrain and adverse snow conditions in real time |
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