CN203824539U - Device used for measuring thickness change of ice sheet or ice shelf - Google Patents
Device used for measuring thickness change of ice sheet or ice shelf Download PDFInfo
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- CN203824539U CN203824539U CN201420184851.1U CN201420184851U CN203824539U CN 203824539 U CN203824539 U CN 203824539U CN 201420184851 U CN201420184851 U CN 201420184851U CN 203824539 U CN203824539 U CN 203824539U
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- ice
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- shelf
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- thickness measurement
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device used for measuring thickness changes of an ice sheet or an ice shelf. The device is suitable for detection of thickness of the ice sheet or the ice shelf and changes thereof in a polar region. The device comprises a vector network analyzer, a transmitting antenna, and a receiving antenna. A signal-generator and a receiver are disposed in the vector network analyzer. The transmitting antenna is connected with the signal-generator, and the signal-generator transmits electromagnetic signals into ice through the transmitting antenna. The receiving antenna is connected with the receiver, wherein the receiver receives reflected wave signals from the inner interface of the ice through the receiving antenna. The vector network analyzer obtains absolute thickness of the ice through time-frequency transformation. The device obtains variable quantity of ice thickness according to phase changes of the reflected wave signals acquired at different time points, with an ice reference plane as calculation reference.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of thickness of polar ice sheet/ice shelf and detection system of variation in thickness of being applied to, and relates in particular to a kind of device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement.
Background technology
In polar science research field, ice sheet and ice shelf are the focuses of global change research due always.Ice sheet and ice shelf system, as the key area of whole world change, form an important low-temperature receiver of earth system, are the drivers of global climate system, and climate change is had to strong response and retroactive effect.Melt ice sheet and ice shelf bottom is an important component part of South Pole mass budget, and research thinks that exceeding 20% ice amount can flow away from ice sheet.Melted the thawing water and the non-steady state that produce by bottom and there is vital role to the differentiation of global water body is same.
But many independent estimations of melting for bottom exist very large uncertainty, its cumulative errors can reach approximately 50%.Owing to much not thering is strict comparability for the method for estimating bottom thawing, there is very large difficulty so reduce its uncertainty.Conventionally scientific observation research in glacier is all no matter the seawater of hypothesis subglacial is that heat or salinity neither increase also and do not lose in the time of observation, also can only obtain ice body net heat loss along the line or the fresh water increasing.Conventional glaciology Detection Techniques also need space average and suppose ice sheet and ice shelf quality does not change over a period to come.Borehole survey can directly provide the rate of the bottom thawing on single-point, and the thawing rate disclosing by existing boring observed result variation in time shows that hypothesis discussed above is invalid.Be all immeasurable but carry out difficulty and the expense that boring directly measures, therefore drilling technique can not be applying in spatial dimension widely, and this has also illustrated that employing bore detecting number of times lacks reason.
Meanwhile, the thickness of polar ice sheet and ice shelf is huge and inner structure is complicated, has also brought very large uncertainty to detection study.At present main technological means is to adopt radio echo sounding to measure journey time and the energy of bottom sled and continental platform or seawater intersection reflection echo, and the then velocity of propagation in ice body according to the radiowave of frequency used is extrapolated the thickness of ice body.Its measuring accuracy is all conventionally more than 5 meters, such precision cannot monitor short time internal cause melt the ice body thickness causing trace change.And ice sheet and ice shelf thickness variable quantity are in a short time conventionally in 1 meter, even reach several centimetres, such precision is that prior art is beyond one's reach.
Therefore,, in the urgent need to introducing a kind of new measuring system, ice sheet and ice shelf thickness and variable quantity thereof are accurately monitored.
Utility model content
For the demand, the utility model proposes a kind of be applicable to polar low-temperature condition can be in wide spatial dimension the measuring system of quick detection ice sheet and ice shelf thickness, the accurate estimation that it can provide bottom thawing rate, has higher space and temporal resolution.
Particularly, the utility model proposes a kind of device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, be applicable to the thickness of polar ice sheet or ice shelf and the detection of variation thereof, comprising:
Vector network analyzer, is built-in with signal generator and receiver;
Emitting antenna, is connected with described signal generator, wherein said signal generator via described emitting antenna to electromagnetic signals in ice body;
Receiving antenna, be connected with described receiver, wherein said receiver receives the reflection wave signal from the interface in described ice body via described receiving antenna, wherein, described vector network analyzer is obtained the absolute thickness of described ice body or is changed the amounts of thickness variation of obtaining described ice body according to the phase place of the reflection wave signal in different time points collection by time-frequency conversion.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, also comprise: heat insulation work case, inside be provided with the temperature sensor of monitoring and adjusting the temperature control unit of the environment temperature in described heat insulation work case, be connected by the fan window of its switching of described temperature control unit signal controlling and with described temperature control unit signal, wherein said vector network analyzer is arranged in described heat insulation work case.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, the amounts of thickness variation that described basis is obtained described ice body in the phase place variation of the reflection wave signal of different time points collection further comprises: determine that according to the phase history of the electromagnetic pulse of the bottom reflection from described ice body the thickness of described ice body is in the amounts of thickness variation of the described fixed point being positioned at for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, the step that described basis changes in the phase place of the reflection wave signal of different time points collection the amounts of thickness variation of obtaining described ice body may further include: the thickness of determining described ice body from the phase history of the electromagnetic pulse of the bottom reflection of described ice body in basis is before the amounts of thickness variation of the described fixed point being positioned at for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, by the time domain waveform of described different time points collection is carried out to correlativity comparison, find out stable interface in ice body as reference interface on the common ice body of the measurement for carrying out under these time points, and record the time-domain position of reference interface on this ice body.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, also comprise: power amplifier, be connected with described emitting antenna or described receiving antenna, described power amplifier has many grades of enlargement factors.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, the setting range of described power amplifier is 25 to 30dB.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, the measuring accuracy of the ice body thickness of the described device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement is grade, and the investigation depth scope of ice body thickness is between 50-1500 rice.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, described emitting antenna is electromagnetic horn, and described receiving antenna is log-periodic antenna.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, the distance between described emitting antenna and described receiving antenna is in the scope of 5-6 rice.
Preferably, at the above-mentioned device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, described power amplifier is further used as the heat-generating units of described heat insulation work case.
Should be appreciated that more than the utility model generality description and the following detailed description are all exemplary and explanat, and be intended to provide further explanation for the utility model as claimed in claim.
Brief description of the drawings
Comprise that accompanying drawing is for providing, the utility model further to be understood, they are included and form the application's a part, and accompanying drawing shows embodiment of the present utility model, and with together with this instructions, play the effect of explaining the utility model principle.In accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 has schematically shown according to the structure of the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram of ice sheet of the present utility model and ice shelf thickness measurement.
Description of reference numerals:
100-is for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement
101-vector network analyzer
102-power amplifier
103-temperature control unit
104-electromagnetic horn (emitting antenna)
105-log-periodic antenna (receiving antenna)
106-heat insulation work case
107-temperature sensor
108-temperature transmission signal line
The steady phase radio-frequency cable of 109-
110-computing machine
201-is for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement
202-ice sheet, is positioned at glacier on continental platform and is called ice sheet
203-ice shelf, is positioned at outside continental platform, and the glacier on ocean surface is called ice shelf
204-measures for the first time to the incident wave of subglacial transmitting
205-measures the reflection wave receiving for the first time
206-measures for the second time to the incident wave of subglacial transmitting
207-measures the reflection wave receiving for the second time
Reference surface between 208-ice
Ice bottom boundary position when 209-measures for the first time
Ice bottom boundary position when 210-measures for the second time
211-continental platform
212-seawater
Embodiment
The utility model is the technology about phase-sensitive ice shelf/ice sheet thickness measurement, taking vector network analyzer 101 as core devices, connect power amplifier 102 and survey ice shelf deep with emitting antenna 104 or receiving antenna 105, utilize time-frequency conversion to obtain ice shelf, ice sheet absolute thickness, utilize phase change on reflection to know the variable quantity of high precision ice shelf, ice sheet thickness.
With detailed reference to accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described now.With detailed reference to preferred embodiment of the present utility model, its example is shown in the drawings now.In the case of any possible, in institute's drawings attached, will represent same or analogous part with identical mark.In addition, although the term using in the utility model is to select from public term, but some mentioned terms may be that applicant selects by his or her judgement in the utility model instructions, its detailed meanings illustrates in the relevant portion of description herein.In addition, require not only to pass through used actual terms, but the meaning that also will contain by each term is understood the utility model.
First with reference to figure 1, Fig. 1 has schematically shown according to the structure of the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement of the present utility model.As shown in the figure, the device 100 for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement of the present utility model mainly comprises: vector network analyzer 101, emitting antenna 104, receiving antenna 105.
Wherein, vector network analyzer 101 is built-in with signal generator and receiver.Emitting antenna 104 is connected with signal generator (for example, preferably via steady phase radio-frequency cable 109) so that signal generator via described emitting antenna to electromagnetic signals in ice body.This emitting antenna 104 preferably adopts electromagnetic horn.Receiving antenna 105 is connected with receiver (for example, preferably via steady phase radio-frequency cable 109), so that this receiver receives the reflection wave signal from the interface in this ice body via this receiving antenna.This receiving antenna 105 preferably adopts log-periodic antenna.
This vector network analyzer 101 is obtained the absolute thickness of this ice body or is changed the amounts of thickness variation of obtaining this ice body according to the phase place of the reflection wave signal in different time points collection by time-frequency conversion.
Particularly, the amounts of thickness variation that this basis is obtained described ice body in the phase place variation of the reflection wave signal of different time points collection may further include: determine that according to the phase history of the electromagnetic pulse of the bottom reflection from this ice body the thickness of this ice body is in the amounts of thickness variation of this fixed point being positioned at for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement.And, the thickness of determining this ice body from the phase history of the electromagnetic pulse of the bottom reflection of this ice body in basis is before the amounts of thickness variation of this fixed point being positioned at for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, can also be by the time domain waveform of this different time points collection be carried out to correlativity comparison, find out stable interface in ice body as reference interface on the common ice body of the measurement for carrying out under these time points, and record the time-domain position of reference interface on this ice body.
In the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1, device 100 for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement may further include a heat insulation work case 106, for the environmental baseline of defending polar low-temperature, make this survey ice production apparatus under constant operational temperature conditions, possess low temperature defence capability.This heat insulation work case 106 is interior can be provided with the temperature sensor 107 of monitoring and adjusting the temperature control unit 103 of the environment temperature in this heat insulation work case 106, be connected (for example, preferably via temperature transmission signal line 108) by the fan window of these temperature control unit 103 its switchings of signal controlling and with this temperature control unit signal 103, and wherein this vector network analyzer is arranged in this heat insulation work case
In addition, can also comprise for the device 100 of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement: power amplifier 102, it is connected with this emitting antenna 104 or this receiving antenna 105, in order to strengthen electromagnetic energy, improves electromagnetic penetration depth.Preferably, this power amplifier has many grades of enlargement factors.Such as, the setting range of this power amplifier can be 25 to 30dB.This power amplifier 102 can further be used as the heat-generating units of heat insulation work case, so that whole device 100 for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement possesses constant temperature automatic control function, for example, this device can utilize the work efficiency of the distribute heat of power amplifier 102, make up outside low temperature environment, set when working temperature to exceeding when temperature sensor monitors, the heat insulation work case fan window described in opening by temperature control unit dispels the heat.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the electromagnetic wave signal that can export vector network analyzer 101 carries out multiband regulation and control, and in order to ensure the measuring accuracy under ice thickness different situations, the central frequency range setting is 300M～1500M.
The measuring accuracy of the ice body thickness of the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement of the present utility model can reach grade, and the investigation depth scope of ice body thickness is between 50-1500 rice, is applicable to Aspect On Study of Antarctic Ice Cap, ice shelf overwhelming majority area.
Forward now Fig. 2 to, Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram of ice sheet of the present utility model and ice shelf thickness measurement.As shown in the figure, the device 201 for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement shown in Fig. 1 is placed in to ice sheet 202 or ice shelf 203 surfaces.Before implementing measurement, can first root out the soft accumulated snow in top layer, to guarantee that antenna is placed on hard ice face and the vertical ice of antenna transmission direction is faced down, lay emitting antenna 104 and receiving antenna 105 positions.
According to another side of the present utility model, also comprise the design to dual-mode antenna coupled problem.Dual-mode antenna coupling performance is one of principal element affecting measuring system dynamic range, because dual-mode antenna distance is very near, connect after power amplifier and be easy to make to transmit be directly coupled to receiver, thereby cause the saturation of receiver, cannot measure reflected signal at the bottom of real ice.But it is again necessary using power amplifier, can find out from the result of actual observation, at the bottom of the system that does not add power amplifier has just arrived system noise in the scope of hundreds of rice, cannot carries out the identification of reflected signal and measure.
The utility model, by the test result of contrast different location, effectively analyzes device and whether has the effect from coupling.Verify by experiment with electromagnetic horn and logarithm period phase matched combined, length by reasonable design radio-frequency cable reaches rational spacing to determine dual-mode antenna, result shows that two antennas do not have correlativity, avoid self-coupling effect, therefore after provable access high-gain power amplifier, use above-mentioned antenna and power amplifier configuration in obtaining the device performance of high-gain, to avoid receiving and dispatching coupling effect.Preferably, between emitting antenna and receiving antenna, distance is preferably made as 5-6 rice, is ensureing, under the investigative range of measurement mechanism and the prerequisite of ability, can to avoid the self-coupling effect between antenna like this.
Then, before connecting antenna 104 and 105, first two steady phase radio-frequency cables 109 are connected, by the collection control software actuating unit self-calibration function of computing machine 110, whole measurement mechanism is carried out to initial setting, reach and stablize normalized state.
While starting to measure, first to the preheating of switching on of the device 100 for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement shown in Fig. 1, can make full use of the distribute heat of this power amplifier 102 simultaneously to the interior heating of this heat insulation work case 106.In measuring process, temperature control unit 103 is monitored the temperature in heat insulation work case 106 in real time by temperature sensor 107, when temperature is set when working temperature to exceeding, automatically the fan window of opening this heat insulation work case 106 by this temperature control unit 103 dispels the heat, when temperature lower than set working temperature time, this temperature control unit 103 is closed the fan window of heat insulation work case 106 automatically, to continue to preserve the heat energy that power amplifier 102 distributes.As shown in Figure 1, measuring process can be connected with the integrated system in heat insulation work case 106 by computing machine 110, to measuring process is operated and store related data.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, from the face down electromagnetic wave 204 of the certain energy of Vertical Launch and bandwidth of ice, by the power amplifier 102 amplifying signal energy in Fig. 1, then measure the information such as amplitude and phase place of the reflection wave 205 that each ice sheet and ice body bottom intersection reflects.By analyzing the changes in amplitude of reflection echo 205, can obtain one or more ice sheet reflectings surface, select one of them ice sheet reflecting surface as reference interface on ice body 208, then the time domain interval between computing reference plane and bottom reflection face 209.Be separated by a period of time (for example 1 week-3 weeks) again measure in same position afterwards, repeatability ground from ice face down transmitting and identical energy and bandwidth before electromagnetic wave 206 and receive reflection echo 207.Analyze reflection echo 207 and select reference interface 208 on the ice body identical with reflection echo 205, calculate by the phase difference value of analyzing both variable quantity that is converted to ice body thickness, obtain the reposition of ice bottom boundary 210.
As shown in Figure 2, on selected ice body, reference interface 208 is significant radar reflection layers that approach ice sheet or ice shelf surface, and internal reflection comes from physical property discontinuous of ice body, is expressed as medium interface.It is to be produced by the accumulated snow compacting under upper reference layer, selects under normal circumstances of following tens meters of ice surface to present the interior layer of sharp interface feature.
In final measurement result, use reference interface 208 conducts fixed position relatively on above-mentioned selected ice body, instead of the accumulated snow surface of ice sheet or ice shelf, time-domain position by twice ice bottom boundary (209 and 210) reflection calculates to the difference of reference interface 208 phase places, thereby draws the variable quantity result of ice body thickness.
Researcher in this field is appreciated that electromagnetic wave is incident to ice body, reflect back through bottom ice bottom boundary, the reflection wave receiving, its amplitude is all different from incident wave with phase place, and the amplitude of variation is decided by the specific inductive capacity of ice, the contrast of ice inner boundary specific inductive capacity, the thickness of ice body.Measuring in season in this case of variation in thickness, the specific inductive capacity of ice, the contrast of the upper and lower specific inductive capacity of ice inner boundary are constant, and the variation of ice thickness is uncertain on reflection wave impact, therefore " variations of reflection wave phase place " and " ice thickness variation " there is direct relation.Strictly speaking, reflection wave phase place changes and refers to the phase differential of reflection wave 207 and incident wave 206 while again measurement and deduct the phase differential between reflection wave 205 and incident wave 204 while measurement first.Can obtain the poor of these two phase places by the vector network analyzer 101 for the device of ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement described in Fig. 1.
Differ x degree if finally record two phase differential, the variation in thickness Δ T recording is:
Wherein λ is expressed as electromagnetic wavelength.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, vector network analyzer 101 of the present utility model can record amplitude and the phase place of the relative transmitted wave of reflection wave simultaneously, therefore the measurement result of these all frequencies is put together, existing exactly intensity has again the whole spectrum of phase place.In addition, in the utility model, can not measure equally ice thickness total between ice bottom boundary and ice surface, concrete operation method is by electromagnetic wave detection ice bottom boundary and records journey time and the energy of reflection echo, velocity of propagation according to the electromagnetic wave of frequency used in ice body, extrapolates the thickness of ice body.
In sum, the utility model can not consider, under the prerequisite of any non-steady state of ice sheet ice shelf and short-term fluctuation behavior, to have realized the accurate detection of ice sheet or ice shelf total thickness variations amount within the short period.Device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement of the present utility model has plurality of advantages such as surveying efficient, adaptation low temperature environment.
Those skilled in the art can be obvious, can carry out various modifications and variations and not depart from spirit and scope of the present utility model above-mentioned exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.Therefore, be intended to make the utility model to cover to drop within the scope of appended claims and equivalence techniques scheme thereof to amendment of the present utility model and modification.
Claims (8)
1. for a device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement, be applicable to the thickness of polar ice sheet or ice shelf and the detection of variation thereof, comprise:
Vector network analyzer, is built-in with signal generator and receiver;
Emitting antenna, is connected with described signal generator, wherein said signal generator via described emitting antenna to electromagnetic signals in ice body;
Receiving antenna, is connected with described receiver, and wherein said receiver receives the reflection wave signal from the interface in described ice body via described receiving antenna,
Wherein, described vector network analyzer is obtained the absolute thickness of described ice body or is changed the variable quantity that obtains described ice body thickness according to the phase place of the reflection wave signal in different time points collection by time-frequency conversion.
2. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: heat insulation work case, inside be provided with the temperature sensor of monitoring and adjusting the temperature control unit of the environment temperature in described heat insulation work case, be connected by the fan window of its switching of described temperature control unit signal controlling and with described temperature control unit signal, wherein said vector network analyzer is arranged in described heat insulation work case.
3. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises: power amplifier, be connected with described emitting antenna or described receiving antenna, and described power amplifier has many grades of enlargement factors.
4. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the setting range of described power amplifier is 25 to 30dB.
5. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the measuring accuracy of the ice body thickness of the described device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement is grade, and the investigation depth scope of ice body thickness is between 50-1500 rice.
6. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described emitting antenna is electromagnetic horn, and described receiving antenna is log-periodic antenna.
7. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the distance between described emitting antenna and described receiving antenna is in the scope of 5-6 rice.
8. the device for ice sheet or ice shelf thickness measurement as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described power amplifier is further used as the heat-generating units of described heat insulation work case.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420184851.1U CN203824539U (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2014-04-16 | Device used for measuring thickness change of ice sheet or ice shelf |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420184851.1U CN203824539U (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2014-04-16 | Device used for measuring thickness change of ice sheet or ice shelf |
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| CN201420184851.1U Expired - Fee Related CN203824539U (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2014-04-16 | Device used for measuring thickness change of ice sheet or ice shelf |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103941261A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 中国极地研究中心 | Phase sensitivity type fixed point ice measuring system |
| CN106643588A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method utilizing microwaves to measure molten iron slag thickness of hot metal bottle |
| CN109708250A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Frost layer detection method and device and household electrical appliance |
-
2014
- 2014-04-16 CN CN201420184851.1U patent/CN203824539U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103941261A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-07-23 | 中国极地研究中心 | Phase sensitivity type fixed point ice measuring system |
| CN103941261B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-06-01 | 中国极地研究中心 | Phase sensitive formula fixed point surveys ice system |
| CN106643588A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method utilizing microwaves to measure molten iron slag thickness of hot metal bottle |
| CN109708250A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Frost layer detection method and device and household electrical appliance |
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