CN106926545B - 一种改进的吸波防磁板材 - Google Patents

一种改进的吸波防磁板材 Download PDF

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CN106926545B
CN106926545B CN201710184798.3A CN201710184798A CN106926545B CN 106926545 B CN106926545 B CN 106926545B CN 201710184798 A CN201710184798 A CN 201710184798A CN 106926545 B CN106926545 B CN 106926545B
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种改进的吸波防磁板材，包括板材本体，该板材本体四边设有明扣和暗扣，用以拼接，该板材本体为层状结构，由内而外依次包括固定板、保温层、吸波防磁层和阻燃材料层，该吸波防磁层为一种具有吸收反射电磁波功能的屏蔽体，能够有效屏蔽电磁波；该防磁板材具有保温、防磁、阻燃的功能，结构密度低，板材本体之间通过明扣和暗扣拼接，安装方便。

Description

一种改进的吸波防磁板材
技术领域
本申请涉及建筑板材领域，尤其涉及一种改进的吸波防磁板材。
背景技术
随着信息化技术的发展，其所带来的电磁污染已经严重影响了人们的生活和健康。随着电磁辐射的增加，处于电磁辐射污染源的居民不同程度的出现了各种不适症状，比如头晕、嗜睡、记忆力减退、易疲劳等，尤其老人小孩反映更加严重，对于电磁污染的防护已经非常迫切。
一般的建筑板材并不具有电磁防护功能，如果将建筑板材与电磁防护材料结合，能够最大程度的对人们的健康进行保护，使其免受或减少电磁污染的影响。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种改进的吸波防磁板材，以解决上述提出问题。
本发明的实施例中提供了一种改进的吸波防磁板材，包括板材本体，该板材本体规格为0.5×0.5m，四边设有明扣和暗扣，该板材本体为层状结构，由内而外依次包括固定板、保温层、吸波防磁层和阻燃材料层；该吸波防磁层为一种具有吸收反射电磁波功能的屏蔽体，该吸波防磁层由内而外依次包括第一反射层、吸波层和第二反射层，其中，第一反射层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子，吸波层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为沸石粉、重晶石粉、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管、真空玻璃微珠、纳米二氧化钛，第二反射层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为铜网片和Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子。
本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
本发明的吸波防磁板材，包括板材本体，其具有保温、吸波、防磁及阻燃的特点，拼接安装在建筑物或墙体表面，具有耐火、保温、防水、防磁的功能，整体上安装方便，结构稳定，易于工业化生产。
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明，但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本发明板材本体的结构示意图，
图2是本发明板材本体截面的结构示意图，
图3是本发明所述吸波防磁层6的结构示意图，
其中，1-板材本体，2-明扣，3-暗扣，4-固定板，5-保温层，6-吸波防磁层，7-阻燃材料层，61-第一反射层，62-吸波层，63-第二反射层。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
本申请的实施例涉及一种改进的吸波防磁板材，包括板材本体1，如图1所示，该板材本体1规格为0.5×0.5m，四边设有明扣2和暗扣3，用以拼接在一起；该板材本体1为层状结构，如图2所示，由内而外依次包括固定板4、保温层5、吸波防磁层6和阻燃材料层7，其中，固定板4与保温层5通过热压工艺固定连接，保温层5与吸波防磁层6粘结固定，吸波防磁层6与阻燃材料层7通过热压工艺固定连接，当板材本体1制造出来后，将板材本体1的固定板4一面与墙体通过强力胶固定连接，同时通过板材本体1四边的明扣2和暗扣3拼接在一起，接着在拼接处设置防水层，保证板材本体1之间不会进水，此外，还可以在拼接好的板材本体1表面设置装饰层，起到美化作用。
优选地，该板材本体1中，固定板4厚度为2mm，保温层5厚度为5mm，吸波防磁层6厚度为2.4mm，阻燃材料层7厚度为2mm。
该板材具有保温、防磁、阻燃的功能，结构密度低，板材本体之间通过明扣和暗扣拼接，安装方便。
该板材本体1中，所述的吸波防磁层6为一种具有吸收反射电磁波功能的屏蔽体，其采用反射加吸收的机制对电磁波进行屏蔽，同时具有一定的承载能力，能够满足该板材本体应用于建筑的需要。
图3给出了该吸波防磁层6的结构，该吸波防磁层6由内而外依次包括第一反射层61、吸波层62、第二反射层63。采用该种结构，其区别于采用单一的反射层或者吸收层，也区别于一层反射层加一层吸收层的结合，其总的屏蔽效果不区分吸收的多还是反射的多。
当电磁波入射到该吸波防磁层6时，其要依次穿透第一反射层61、吸波层62、第二反射层63，在各层的界面处，由于界面处的阻抗差异很大，阻抗突变使得电磁波在界面处的反射增大，从而能够提高屏蔽效果。
该吸波防磁层6中，优选地，第一反射层61以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子，其中，镀银玻璃纤维中，玻璃纤维长度为60mm，直径为20μm，银镀层厚度为5μm；银包二氧化钛粒子中，二氧化钛粒子直径为5μm，银包层厚度为200nm，镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子的质量比为7:3。
在第一反射层61中，镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子均具有良好的导电率，依靠电导率传输、消耗和极化发射电磁波达到电磁屏蔽的作用；此外，镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子构成三维填料层，引入了多重界面，根据混杂界面散射机理，其能够最大程度的增大电磁波在其中的散射次数，增加电磁波的损耗。二氧化钛粒子一般表现为光催化性能，用于光催化自清洁材料，或者用于造纸、橡胶等制品中，作为填充剂、着色剂使用，本申请中，采用银包二氧化钛粒子与镀银玻璃纤维构成了一种三维填料层，该结构具有很低的电阻率，表现为良好的电磁屏蔽效果。
该吸波防磁层6中，优选地，吸波层62以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为沸石粉、重晶石粉、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管、真空玻璃微珠、纳米二氧化钛，其中，填充物的各物质的质量比为沸石粉12份、重晶石粉5份、羰基铁粉11份、碳纳米管15份、真空玻璃微珠8份、纳米二氧化钛15份。
该吸波防磁层6中，优选地，第二反射层63以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为铜网片和Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子，其中，铜网片中，铜网片为80目，规格为3mm×3mm；Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子中，二氧化钛粒子直径为5μm，Fe3O4包层厚度为300nm，铜网片和Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子的质量比为13:2。
在第二反射层63中，铜网片具有良好的导电率，依靠电导率传输、消耗和极化发射电磁波达到电磁屏蔽的作用；而TiO2和Fe3O4均为磁性材料，Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子对电磁波具有良好的介电损耗和磁损耗能力，从而增强对电磁波的吸收强度，作为吸波层的补充，对电磁波进行再次吸收。
在优选地实施方式中，第一反射层61制备过程为：
首先，准备，将镀银玻璃纤维裁剪成60mm长的短纤维，将短纤维浸泡到装满纯净水的烧杯中，然后取出将其均匀的平铺，晾干；量取树脂，选取固含量为60％的镁酚醛树脂，然后加入一半体积的10％丙酮溶液稀释，一边倾倒一边搅拌；
然后，将镀银玻璃纤维整齐的放置在瓷钵盂中，均匀倒入适量的银包二氧化钛粒子，再向钵盂中倒入镁酚醛树脂溶液，一边倾倒一边搅拌直至混合物粘度变大，再倒入少量丙酮溶液；混合均匀后溶剂的挥发、固化，将已经混合均匀的纤维-粒子-树脂体系混合物置于通风厨中，使体系的丙酮和水等液态溶剂挥发，等待100h；模具升温，将温控箱目标温度调整为180℃；将混合物料分成4cm2的片状后放入模压腔中，整个过程应迅速进行；启动压机并观察压力表，待显示有压力时开始计时，先粗调压力至20MPa，然后通过微调钮较为精确的保持此压力；随着反应的进行，大量挥发性物质排出，此时显示压力会有所下降，应通过微调及时补偿压力；
最后保温，待反应结束后，切断供热电源，仍然保持压力等待样品温度降低后取出样品，即得到第一反射层61。
吸波层62和第二反射层63的制备过程与第一反射层61近似。
其中，第二反射层63中，Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子的制备过程为：
取20g清洗后的TiO2，12g NaOH，25ml Fe(CO)5，400ml乙醇胺，30ml水合肼(85％)加入到不锈钢反反应釜中，在180℃保温12～15h，自然冷却到室温，得到黑色沉淀，将其清洗干净，烘干后即得到Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子。
然后，第一反射层61、吸波层62、第二反射层63按照顺序贴附在一起构成本申请所述的吸波防磁层6。
在优选地实施方式中，第一反射层61、吸波层62、第二反射层63的厚度依次为0.3mm、1.5mm、0.6mm。
以上所述，得到本申请的吸波防磁层6，然后，将固定板4与保温层5通过热压工艺固定连接，保温层5与吸波防磁层6粘结固定，吸波防磁层6与阻燃材料层7通过热压工艺固定连接，得到板材本体1，将板材本体1的固定板4一面与墙体通过强力胶固定连接，同时通过板材本体1四边的明扣2和暗扣3拼接在一起，得到本申请所述的吸波防磁板材。
对本申请的吸波防磁层6进行屏蔽效能测试，发现，当各层中填充物的质量分数不同时，该屏蔽体的屏蔽能力大于10dB时的频率宽度有所差异，第一反射层61、吸收层62、第二反射层63中的填充物的质量分数分别为60％、45％、40％时，屏蔽能力大于10dB时的频率宽度为12.5GHz，表现为在低频和高频段均有良好的电磁屏蔽能力，能够对建筑物进行良好的电磁屏蔽，保证了人们的身体健康。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳方式，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种改进的吸波防磁板材，包括板材本体，该板材本体规格为0.5×0.5m，四边设有明扣和暗扣，其特征在于，该板材本体为层状结构，由内而外依次包括固定板、保温层、吸波防磁层和阻燃材料层；该吸波防磁层为一种具有吸收反射电磁波功能的屏蔽体，该吸波防磁层由内而外依次包括第一反射层、吸波层和第二反射层，其中，第一反射层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子，吸波层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为沸石粉、重晶石粉、羰基铁粉、碳纳米管、真空玻璃微珠、纳米二氧化钛，第二反射层以镁酚醛树脂为基底，填充物为铜网片和Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子；在吸波防磁层的第二反射层中，铜网片为80目，规格为3mm×3mm；Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子中，二氧化钛粒子直径为5μm，Fe3O4包层厚度为300nm，铜网片和Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子的质量比为13:2；Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子的制备过程为：
取20g清洗后的TiO2，12g NaOH，25ml Fe(CO)5，400ml乙醇胺，30ml水合肼加入到不锈钢反反应釜中，在180℃保温12～15h，自然冷却到室温，得到黑色沉淀，将其清洗干净，烘干后即得到Fe3O4包二氧化钛粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸波防磁板材，其特征在于，该板材本体中，固定板与保温层通过热压工艺固定连接，保温层与吸波防磁层粘结固定，吸波防磁层与阻燃材料层通过热压工艺固定连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸波防磁板材，其特征在于，该板材本体中，固定板厚度为2mm，保温层厚度为5mm，吸波防磁层厚度为2.4mm，阻燃材料层厚度为2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸波防磁板材，其特征在于，在吸波防磁层的第一反射层中，镀银玻璃纤维长度为60mm，直径为20μm，银镀层厚度为5μm；银包二氧化钛粒子中，二氧化钛粒子直径为5μm，银包层厚度为200nm，镀银玻璃纤维和银包二氧化钛粒子的质量比为7:3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸波防磁板材，其特征在于，在吸波防磁层的吸波层中，填充物的各物质的质量比为沸石粉12份、重晶石粉5份、羰基铁粉11份、碳纳米管15份、真空玻璃微珠8份、纳米二氧化钛15份。
6.根据权利要求1、4、5中任一项所述的吸波防磁板材，其特征在于，第一反射层、吸波层、第二反射层的厚度依次为0.3mm、1.5mm、0.6mm。
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