CN106925730A - The preparation facilities and method of a kind of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot - Google Patents
The preparation facilities and method of a kind of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN106925730A CN106925730A CN201511019745.3A CN201511019745A CN106925730A CN 106925730 A CN106925730 A CN 106925730A CN 201511019745 A CN201511019745 A CN 201511019745A CN 106925730 A CN106925730 A CN 106925730A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/041—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for vertical casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/112—Treating the molten metal by accelerated cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
Abstract
The present invention relates to the preparation facilities and method of a kind of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot, belong to metal material processing field.The device is mainly made up of uniform cooler, Re Ding, magnetic stirrer, crystallizer, dummy ingot；Heat top is arranged at the top of crystallizer, and magnetic stirrer is arranged on heat top and crystallizer periphery, and dummy ingot is located at crystallizer lower section, and uniform cooler is arranged in crystallizer, and uniform cooler is made up of inner and outer tubes.The present invention is by applying uniform cooling and the coupling specially treated of the outer electromagnetic agitation of crystallizer in crystallizer to alloy melt, effective control to large volume alloy melt temperature field and composition field uniformity is realized, prepares that even tissue is tiny, the uniform large-size aluminum alloy ingot of composition.Simple structure of the present invention, method are feasible, effect is significant, production efficiency is high, be easily combined with big industrial production, has wide prospects for commercial application in the manufacture such as Aero-Space, track traffic, ship field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing field, more particularly to a kind of system of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot
Standby device and method.
Background technology
It is light that foot is lifted in effect of the large-size aluminum alloy ingot in the Large-Scale Equipment such as Aero-Space, track traffic, ship field
Weight.But it is thick that the large-size aluminum alloy ingot for using traditional semi-continuous casting method to prepare is inevitably present tissue
The defect problem such as big uneven, component segregation is serious, easy to crack, causes poor product quality and yield rate is low, it is impossible to
Meet demand of the high-end manufacturing industry to the large-size high-tensile aluminum alloy materials of high-quality.
Electromagnetic field have noncontact, energy density it is high, cleaning and can careful design with control the features such as, in metal material
Material prepares molding field and plays increasing effect.United States Patent (USP) US4229210, US4434837 is disclosed
Several electromagnetic agitation methods for preparing metal semi-solid slurry or continuous casting material, its principle is using strong electromagnetism sense
Stress suppresses the precipitation of primary dendrite, prepares the continuous casting of spherical or granular primary crystal semi-solid metal slurry and semisolid
Blank.But due to the kelvin effect of alternating electromagnetic field, as cast ingot dimension increases, stirring action is in ingot casting edge
Larger with center portion difference, ingot structure homogeneity of ingredients is difficult to control to, and the semi-solid blank size for generally preparing can not
More than 6 inches.
In order to improve the inhomogeneities of traditional electromagnetic stirring method, Chinese patent CN101745629A discloses a kind of ring
The method that seam electromagnetic agitation prepares semi-solid alloy slurry, its cardinal principle is：Set at the center of melt treatment room
Circular Quench rod is put, a circular ring-shaped narrow slit is formed between the outer wall of Quench rod and the inwall of melt treatment room.It is right
Alloy melt in narrow annular gap implements electromagnetic agitation treatment, is prevented effectively from caused by electromagnetic induction Kelvin effect
The inhomogeneities of mixing power, Temperature Field in Melt is more uniform, and the more traditional electromagnetic agitation method of structural constituent uniformity has
It is obviously improved.But with the increase of cast ingot dimension, center portion increases with the edge temperature difference, due to melt in casting process
This single refrigerating mode from outside to inside, the method also cannot effectively control in melt temperature field and into the equal of branch
Even property, thus cast ingot dimension more than 12 inches when structural constituent uniformity be deteriorated.
The content of the invention
It is large-size aluminum alloy ingot that the present invention is targeted, and preparing the type ingot casting has very big difficult point, particularly
For high-alloying 7xxx series alloys, difficulty is bigger.First, easily being produced in casting process grand microcosmic inclined
Analysis, causes the deviation of composition structure property, and ingot casting hot tearing tends to larger, and these phenomenons of high-alloying alloy cast ingot are outstanding
It is protrusion；Second, preparing big size ingot-casting, radial temperature difference is larger in process of setting, and the even property of inhomogeneous cooling becomes apparent from,
Cause tissue thick uneven, component segregation is serious.In order to the tissue for fundamentally solving big size ingot-casting presence is thick
The defect problem such as big uneven, component segregation, easy to crack, the present invention proposes a kind of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium and closes
The preparation method and its device of golden ingot casting.
Major technique thought of the invention is：Apply uniform cooling and electricity to the alloy melt during semi-continuous casting
Magnetic stirs coupling processing, increases the cooling dimension in Casting Ingot Solidification Process, strengthens the three-dimensional pair of process of setting melt
Stream, it is ensured that large volume alloy melt temperature field and the uniformity into branch, realizes that the pressure of large volume melt is uniformly coagulated
Gu, so as to prepare big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot.
It is the purpose of invention more than realizing, using following technical scheme：
A kind of preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot, the device it is main by uniform cooler, Re Ding,
Magnetic stirrer, crystallizer, dummy ingot composition；Described heat top is arranged at the top of crystallizer, and described electromagnetism is stirred
Mix device and be arranged on heat top and crystallizer periphery, described dummy ingot is located at crystallizer lower section, and described uniform cooler sets
It is placed in crystallizer, described uniform cooler is made up of inner and outer tubes.
The top of the outer tube of uniform cooler is adiabatic end, and bottom is colling end；Inner tube includes spiral inner tube and difference
The arrival end and the port of export of spiral inner tube inlet and outlet are arranged on, spiral inner tube is arranged on outer tube in a spiral manner
In colling end.
The colling end of uniform cooler outer tube is hemispherical, and hemisphere external diameter is 100~800mm, is led using high temperature resistant
Hot material is made, such as graphite, copper, molybdenum, titanium and its composite；Adiabatic end be cylindrical shape and with bottom colling end
Smooth excessiveness, external diameter is not more than colling end hemisphere external diameter, and outside dimension is 100~800mm, and thickness is 3~20mm,
Thickness is identical with colling end, is made of high temperature resistant thermally insulative ceramic material.
It is provided with blade at the maximum radius of colling end, the number of blade is 0~8, preferably 3~5, width of blade is
10~100mm, vane thickness is 2~8mm, with the effect for driving melt flows downwards when blade is rotated, to
It is lower drive melt collect to colling end bottom, blade is made of exotic material, such as copper, molybdenum, titanium, ceramics and
Its composite.
Inner tube is made up of the good material of thermal conductivity, such as copper, steel, titanium and its alloy and composite；Inner tube diameter
It is 2~30mm, 0.5~5mm of thickness, the spiral numerical digit 3~50 of spiral inner tube, spiral spacing is 0~10mm,
Preferably 3~5mm.
The entrance of spiral inner tube is arranged on the bottom centre of outer tube colling end, and the outlet of spiral inner tube is located at outer pipe insulation
The bottom at end, cooling medium is entered into up to outer tube colling end center, by bottom through arrival end from spiral inner tube inlet
Inner tube spiral to outer tube thermal insulation end at, then from inner tube outlet through the port of export out.
Described uniform cooler number is one or more, is arranged at crystallizer height and position, uniform cooler bottom
Portion is concordant with crystallizer；Described magnetic stirrer is rotary EMS device, travelling-wave electromagnetic agitator or compound electric
Magnetic stirrer etc..
Uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, and during semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler sets and arrives
In crystallizer, cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet and reaches uniform cooler bottom centre, then spiral,
Exchanged heat by bottom Heat Conduction Material and melt, so as to cool down center portion melt, uniform cooling effect of cooler is from bottom sides
Bu Dao centers gradually strengthen, and are rotated under coupling in electromagnetic agitation and cooler colling end blade mechanism, with reference to knot
Outside cooling effect of the brilliant device to melt, realizes the purpose of cooling radiating three-dimensional to melt, comprehensive.
Based on said apparatus, the invention allows for a kind of preparation method of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot,
Magnetic stirrer is arranged on heat top and crystallizer periphery, one or more uniform coolers are arranged on semi-continuous casting
On platform, it is deep into crystallizer along heat top in casting process, applies uniform cooling to melt from inside melt.
A kind of preparation method of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot, specific process is as follows：Semicontinuous casting
During making, first by heat top and dummy ingot preheating, the alloy melt of refined treatment reaches crystallizer by heat top,
Melt liquid level rises to requirement height, starts continuous casting, and dummy ingot slowly declines, and cooling water flow is slowly increased, to be cast
Process enters stable state, and uniform cooler is deep into crystallizer, applies uniform cooling treatment and electromagnetic agitation
Treatment, makes the temperature field of large volume alloy melt and composition field distribution uniform, obtains big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy
Ingot casting.
During semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler is deep into crystallizer height and position, uniform cooler bottom with
Crystallizer is concordant, can set one or more.The rotary speed of package unit is 0~300r/min, preferably
50~150r/min.
Cooling medium in uniform cooler is the various fluids, cooling medium such as air, nitrogen, argon gas and water, oil
Flow is 0~2000L/min, and liquid cooling medium flow is preferably 10~50L/min, gas cooling medium flow
Preferably 500~1000L/min.
Uniform cooling treatment during semi-continuous casting is that to set one or more in ingot casting preparation process uniform cold
But device；Electromagnetic agitation is processed as rotary EMS, travelling-wave electromagnetic stirring or optical ground wire etc..
The alloy melt of Semi-continuous Casting process applies uniform cooling treatment, and intensity of cooling is 500~5000W/ (m2K),
The alloy melt of Semi-continuous Casting process applies electromagnetic agitation treatment, and the shear rate of melt is 10~2000s-1, until
Casting process terminates.
Uniform cooler is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, is deep into crystallizer in casting process, from melt
Portion applies uniform cooling to melt；Uniform cooler is made up of outer tube and inner tube.Inner tube is made using Heat Conduction Material,
Cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet, uniform cooling outer tube colling end is reached, by bottom spiral fashion inner tube, cooling
Medium is exchanged heat by colling end with melt, cools down melt, is then flowed out from inner tube outlet.Outer tube colling end carries leaf
Piece, blade forces melt to flow downward, and melt is constantly added to downwards in the middle of liquid cave, plays dynamic continuous
The effect of even cooling.
The preparation method and device of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot of the invention, on semi-continuous casting platform
Cooler and magnetic stirrer are set, ingot casting is subject to during semi-continuous casting at uniform cooling and electromagnetic agitation
Reason, improves alloy graining process temperature field and the uniformity into branch.
Said apparatus and method can be used to prepare the aluminum alloy round with diameter greater than 300mm in semi-continuous casting equipment
The aluminium alloy flat bloom of ingot and thickness more than 300mm.
Novelty of the invention and technological progress are mainly reflected in：
1st, compared to traditional semi-continuous casting method, the present invention places uniform cooler inside crystallizer, can be effective
Metal bath center portion heat is taken away, with reference to the outside cooling effect of crystallizer, traditional continuous casting mistake is creatively changed
There was only the mode of one direction heat transfer from outside to inside in journey, increased the cooling dimension in process of setting, realize multidimensional
Degree compelling, equal-freezing pattern.Therefore, casting speed is improved, and liquid point depth shoals, solidified structure fine uniform,
Component segregation is significantly reduced, and hot cracking tendency diminishes, and production efficiency is also increased substantially.
2nd, the present invention will apply uniform cooling and the outer electromagnetic agitation of crystallizer in crystallizer during semi-continuous casting
Ingenious combination is processed, is designed by controlling the rotation of uniform cooler, the special leaf structure of cooling and its surface
And the effect of intercoupling with electromagnetic agitation, whole melt can be made to produce three-dimensional forced convertion, cooled down improving
On the basis of intensity, temperature field and the uniformity into branch are significantly improved, fundamentally solve the high-strength aluminium of high-alloying
The thick uneven, gross segregation of alloy cast ingot tissue, problems of crack.
3rd, the big size ingot-casting crystal grain that prepared by the present invention is tiny, and composition is uniform, and surface is smooth, and casting speed is fast,
Significantly reduce and subsequently homogenize and processing cost, improve production efficiency and lumber recovery.Overall procedure simple possible,
Implementation result is good, is capable of achieving industrialized production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is uniform cooler sectional view of the invention.
Fig. 3-a and Fig. 3-b are respectively that 7055 aluminium alloy cast ingots prepared by the inventive method and common semi-continuous casting are micro-
See tissue.
Fig. 4 is 7055 aluminium alloy cast ingot radial direction compositions point prepared by the inventive method and common semi-continuous casting
Cloth.
Main Reference Numerals explanation：
The heat of 1 cooler 2 top
The crystallizer of 3 melt 4
The ingot casting of 5 magnetic stirrer 6
The inner tube outlet end of 7 dummy ingot 8
The adiabatic end in 9 inner tube inlet end 10
The spiral inner tube of 11 blade 12
13 colling ends
Specific embodiment
The present invention can be implemented according to following instance, but not limited to this, these embodiments solely for the purpose of illustration this
Invention implementation process, rather than the scope of the present invention is limited by any way, below in an example, do not retouch in detail
The various processes and method stated are conventional methods as known in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the preparation facilities of the big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot of the present invention is main by uniform cooler
1st, heat top 2, magnetic stirrer 5, crystallizer 4, dummy ingot 7 are constituted；Heat top 2 is arranged at the top of crystallizer 4,
Magnetic stirrer 5 is arranged on heat top 2 and the periphery of crystallizer 4, and dummy ingot 7 is located at the lower section of crystallizer 4, uniform cooling
Device 1 is arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, is arranged in casting process in crystallizer 4, and uniform cooler 1 is by interior
Pipe and outer tube composition.
The top of the outer tube of uniform cooler 1 is adiabatic end 10, and bottom is colling end 13；Inner tube is included in spiral
Pipe 12 and the inner tube inlet end 9 and inner tube outlet end 8 of the entrance and exit of spiral inner tube 12 are separately positioned on, spiral
Inner tube 12 is arranged in the colling end 13 of outer tube in a spiral manner.
The adiabatic end 10 of the uniform outer tube of cooler 1 for cylindrical shape and with the smooth excessiveness of bottom colling end 13, external diameter is
100~800mm and no more than the hemisphere external diameter of colling end 13, thickness are 3~20mm, are made pottery using high temperature resistant is adiabatic
Ceramic material is made；Colling end 13 is hemispherical, and hemispherical diameter is 100~800mm, thickness and adiabatic end 10 phase
Together, it is made of thermostable heat-conductive material, such as graphite, copper, molybdenum, titanium and its composite.
It is provided with blade 11 at the hemisphere maximum radius of colling end 13, the number of blade is 0~8, the width of blade 11 is 10~
100mm, the thickness of blade 11 is 2~8mm, with the effect for driving melt flows downwards when blade 11 is rotated,
Downwards drive melt 3 collect to the bottom of colling end 13, blade 11 is made of exotic material, such as copper, molybdenum,
Titanium, ceramic composite materials.
Inner tube is made up of the good material of thermal conductivity, such as copper, steel, titanium and its alloy and composite；Inner tube diameter
It is 2~30mm, 0.5~5mm of thickness, the spiral numerical digit 3~50 of spiral inner tube 12, spiral spacing is 0~10mm.
The entrance of spiral inner tube 12 is arranged on the bottom centre of outer tube colling end 13, and the outlet of spiral inner tube 12 is located at outward
The bottom at pipe insulation end 10, cooling medium enters into cold up to outer tube through inner tube inlet end 9 from the entrance of spiral inner tube 12
The centers of Que Duan 13, at bottom inner tube spiral to outer tube thermal insulation end 10, then from inner tube outlet through inner tube
The port of export 8 is out.
The uniform number of cooler 1 is one or more, is arranged at the height and position of crystallizer 4；Magnetic stirrer 5 is
Rotary EMS device, travelling-wave electromagnetic agitator or optical ground wire device etc., agitating mode can be rotating electromagnetic
Stirring, travelling-wave electromagnetic stirring or optical ground wire etc..
Use the present invention prepare the method for large-size aluminum alloy ingot for：Magnetic stirrer 5 is arranged on heat top 2 and knot
The periphery of brilliant device 4, one or more uniform coolers 1 are arranged on semi-continuous casting platform, along heat in casting process
Top is deep into crystallizer 4, applies uniform cooling to melt 3 from inside melt.
During semi-continuous casting, heat top 2 and dummy ingot 7 are preheated first, the alloy melt 3 of refined treatment leads to
Overheat top 2 reaches crystallizer 4, and the liquid level of melt 3 rises to requirement height, starts continuous casting, and dummy ingot 7 slowly declines,
Cooling water flow is slowly increased, and process to be cast enters stable state, and uniform cooler 1 is deep into crystallizer 4
It is interior, apply uniform cooling treatment and electromagnetic agitation treatment, realize to large volume alloy melt temperature field and equal into branch
Effective control of even property.
During semi-continuous casting, uniform cooler is deep into crystallizer height and position, can set one or many
It is individual.The rotary speed of package unit is 0~300r/min.Cooling medium in uniform cooler is air, nitrogen,
The various fluids such as argon gas and water, oil, cooling medium consumption is 0~2000L/min.
The alloy melt of Semi-continuous Casting process applies uniform cooling treatment, and intensity of cooling is 500~5000W/ (m2K),
Electromagnetic agitation during semi-continuous casting is processed as rotary EMS, travelling-wave electromagnetic stirring or optical ground wire
Shear rate Deng, melt is 10~2000s-1。
Uniform cooler 1 of the invention is made up of inner and outer tubes, and outer tube upper thermal barrier end 10 is exhausted using high temperature resistant
Hot material is made, and outer pipe bottom colling end 13 is made using thermostable heat-conductive material, and inner tube uses Heat Conduction Material system
Into cooling medium enters from inner tube inlet end 9, the colling end 13 of uniform cooler 1 is reached, by bottom spiral fashion
Inner tube, cooling medium cools down melt 3 by being exchanged heat with colling end 13, is then flowed out from inner tube outlet end 8, cools down
End 13 carries blade 11, and during use, uniform cooler 1 is rotated, and drives melt 3 cold to uniform cooler
But end 13 is collected, and ingenious combination is processed by with electromagnetic agitation, and continuously dynamic is uniform subcooling to be capable of achieving melt, melts
Body continues to flow downward into liquid cave mushy zone by uniform cooler bottom coohng, realizes the continuous dynamic of melt
Uniform cooling and pressure feeding, finally prepare the big size ingot-casting of fine grain homogeneous.
Embodiment 1
Certain aluminium processing enterprise prepares the aluminium alloy cast ingot of Φ 582mm specifications 7055, uniform to inside ingot structural constituent
Property have a strict demand, cross section average grain size is less than 180 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation requirement is controlled 8%
Within, segregation rate is controlled within 6%.
Using 7055 aluminium alloy round cast ingot of a diameter of 582mm of present invention production, apparatus structure schematic diagram such as Fig. 1
It is shown.Cooler 1 is arranged on casting platform, and the external diameter of cooler 1 is 300mm, cooler 1,2 and of heat top
With one heart, the bottom of cooler 1 is concordant with the bottom of crystallizer 4 for crystallizer 4.Magnetic stirrer 5 is arranged on crystallizer
4 periphery, electromagnetic agitation mode uses rotary EMS.
The inner tube of cooler 1 is standby using pure copper, and inner tube diameter is 10mm, and thickness 1mm, spiral number is 20, spiral shell
Rotation distance is 3mm；Outer tube thermal insulation end 10 is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic, and external diameter is 300mm, and thickness is
10mm, a diameter of 350mm of bottom colling end 13, is made of graphite, and the number of blade 11 is 3, the width of blade 11
It is 50mm.
In casting process, treat that melt 3 enters in crystallizer 4, start continuous casting installation for casting, casting enters stable state
After open uniform cooler 1, cooling medium is water, and flow is 10L/min, and rotating speed is 60r/min.
Specific embodiment is as follows：
1. melting：By in 7055 aluminium alloy ingots addition intermediate frequency furnace, it is aided with nitrogen protection, rapid melting, melting
Speed is 1200kg/h, and the temperature of melt 3 reaches 750 DEG C, is incubated and stirs 15min, and 10min is stood after stirring
Afterwards, surface scum, converter refining are removed；
2. refine：Melt 3 is transferred in electric resistance holding furnace, applies nitrogen protection, the temperature control of melt 3 is at 730 DEG C.
First, addition refining agent carries out refining treatment to melt 3, and insulation stands 10min, then adds in the middle of Al-Zr
Alloy carries out microalloy treatment, and is aided with three-dimensional optical ground wire, and mixing time is 10min, finally,
Refining treatment is carried out to melt 3 again, insulation stands 10min, and the temperature control of melt 3 starts to pour at 720 DEG C
Casting；
3. semi-continuous casting：Top 2 hot first and dummy ingot 7 will be fully warmed-up to 120 DEG C, and melt 3 is by hot teeming
Enter crystallizer 4, when the liquid level of melt 3 distance heat 2 top 30mm of top, start continuous casting installation for casting, casting speed is delayed
Slow to rise to 1.5mm/s, cooling water flow is gradually increased 10L/s, and casting enters stable state, applies uniform cooling
Treatment, intensity of cooling is 1000W/ (m2K), electromagnetic agitation is then turned on, shear rate is in 120s-1, Zhi Daozhu
The process of making terminates.
The 7055 aluminium alloy Φ 582mm prepared by contrasting of the invention and common semi-continuous casting justify ingot casting, ingot casting
Quality measurements show：As shown in Fig. 3-a and Fig. 3-b and Fig. 4, a is represented and prepared using the present invention in Fig. 4
7055 aluminium alloy cast ingots, b represents 7055 aluminium alloy cast ingots prepared by common semi-continuous casting, using the present invention
The ingot casting fractography fine uniform of preparation, average grain size is 152 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation is 6.37%；
The uniformity of alloy of ingot element Zn, Mg, Cu for being prepared with common semi-continuous casting comparative analysis, the present invention is all
Have clear improvement, the segregation rate of alloy element Zn is the segregation rate of 4.51%, Cu for the segregation rate of 4.38%, Mg
It is 5.24%, therefore is greatly improved using ingot casting homogeneity of ingredients prepared by the present invention, meets customer requirement.
Embodiment 2
It is 7050 aluminium alloy flat blooms of 520mm × 1560mm that certain aluminium processing enterprise prepares specification, to inside ingot group
Knitting homogeneity of ingredients has strict demand, and average grain size is less than 156 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation is controlled 6%
Within, the maximum segregation rate of alloying element is controlled within 6%, surface corrugationless, internal flawless.
Using 7050 aluminium alloy flat blooms of present invention production 520mm × 1560mm, apparatus structure schematic diagram such as Fig. 1
It is shown.The a diameter of 200mm of cooler 1, is arranged on casting platform, and 3 coolers are evenly arranged in one line,
In insertion crystallizer, centre-to-centre spacing is 440mm, and the bottom of cooler 1 is concordant with the bottom of crystallizer 4.Electromagnetic agitation
Device 5 is arranged on the periphery of crystallizer 4, and electromagnetic agitation mode is stirred using travelling-wave electromagnetic.
The inner tube of cooler 1 is standby using pure copper, and inner tube diameter is 8mm, and thickness 1mm, spiral number is 15, spiral shell
Rotation distance is 0mm；Outer tube thermal insulation end 10 is made of high temperature resistant insulating ceramic, a diameter of 200mm, and thickness is
10mm, the hemispherical diameter of bottom colling end 13 is 300mm, is made of high purity graphite, and the number of blade 11 is 4, leaf
The width of piece 11 is 50mm.
In casting process, treat that melt 3 enters in crystallizer 4, start continuous casting installation for casting, open equal after casting stabilization
Even cooler 1 and magnetic stirrer 5, cooling medium are water, and flow is 12L/min, and rotating speed is 60r/min.
Specific embodiment is as follows：
1. melting：By in 7050 aluminium alloy ingots addition intermediate frequency furnace, it is aided with nitrogen protection, rapid melting, melting
Speed is 1500kg/h, and the temperature of melt 3 reaches 760 DEG C, is incubated and stirs 10min, after standing 8min after stirring,
Removal surface scum, converter refining；
2. refine：Melt 3 is transferred in electric resistance holding furnace, applies nitrogen protection, the temperature control of melt 3 is at 740 DEG C.
First, addition refining agent carries out refining treatment to melt 3, and insulation stands 10min, then adds in the middle of Al-Zr
Alloy carries out microalloy treatment, and is aided with three-dimensional optical ground wire, and mixing time is 10min, finally,
Refining treatment is carried out to melt 3 again, insulation stands 10min, and the temperature control of melt 3 starts to pour at 730 DEG C
Casting；
3. semi-continuous casting：Top 2 hot first and dummy ingot 7 will be fully warmed-up to 100 DEG C, and melt 3 is by heat top 2
Injection crystallizer 4, when the top 30mm of the liquid level of melt 3 distance heat top, starts continuous casting installation for casting, and casting speed is delayed
Slow to rise to 1.2mm/s, cooling water flow is gradually increased 15L/s, and casting enters stable state, applies uniform cooling
Treatment, intensity of cooling is 1400W/ (m2K), electromagnetic agitation is then turned on, shear rate is in 100s-1, Zhi Daozhu
The process of making terminates.
7050 cast aluminium alloy flat ingots are prepared by the present invention, surface is smooth, corrugationless；After testing：Ingot casting
Internal flawless, fine microstructures are uniform, and average grain size is 143 μm, and crystallite dimension deviation is 4.63%；Into
Divide uniform, Zn, Mg and Cu element segregation rate are respectively 3.32%, 3.56% and 4.17%, meet and require.
For traditional semi-continuous casting method prepare that large-size aluminum alloy ingot easily occurs tissue is thick, inequality
The defect problem such as even, component segregation, easy to crack, during semi-continuous casting, the present invention is by alloy melt
Apply uniform cooling and the coupling specially treated of the outer electromagnetic agitation of crystallizer in crystallizer, realize molten to large volume alloy
Effective control of temperature and composition field uniformity, has developed various dimensions inside and outside big ingot casting and has forced the solidifying of uniform cooling
Solid model formula, prepares that even tissue is tiny, the uniform large-size aluminum alloy ingot of composition.Simple structure of the present invention,
Method is feasible, effect is significant, production efficiency is high, be easily combined with big industrial production, is handed in Aero-Space, track
The manufacture fields such as logical, ship have wide prospects for commercial application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot, it is characterised in that：The device is main by equal
Even cooler, Re Ding, magnetic stirrer, crystallizer, dummy ingot composition；Described heat top is arranged at the upper of crystallizer
Side, described magnetic stirrer is arranged on heat top and crystallizer periphery, and described dummy ingot is located at crystallizer lower section, institute
The uniform cooler stated is arranged in crystallizer, and described uniform cooler is made up of inner and outer tubes.
2. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The top of the outer tube of described uniform cooler is adiabatic end, and bottom is colling end；Described inner tube is included in spiral
The arrival end and the port of export of spiral inner tube inlet and outlet are managed and are separately positioned on, described spiral inner tube is with spiral side
Formula is arranged in the colling end of outer tube.
3. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The colling end of described uniform cooler outer tube is hemispherical, is made of thermostable heat-conductive material；Described thermal insulation
Hold for cylindrical shape and with colling end smooth excessiveness, thickness is identical with colling end, and external diameter is not more than colling end hemisphere external diameter,
It is made of high temperature resistant thermally insulative ceramic material.
4. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The adiabatic end external diameter of described uniform cooler outer tube is 100~800mm, and thickness is 3~20mm；Described is cold
But end external diameter is 100~800mm, is made of graphite, copper, molybdenum, titanium or its composite.
5. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
Blade is provided with described colling end maximum radius, the number of blade is 0~8, and width of blade is 10~100mm, leaf
Piece thickness is 2~8mm, and blade is made of exotic material.
6. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Described inner tube is made up of the good material of thermal conductivity, and inner tube diameter is 2~30mm, and thickness is 0.5~5mm,
Spiral numerical digit 3~50, spiral spacing is 0~10mm.
7. the preparation facilities of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described uniform cooler is one or more, is arranged at crystallizer height and position；Described magnetic stirrer is rotation
Turn magnetic stirrer, travelling-wave electromagnetic agitator or optical ground wire device.
8. a kind of preparation method of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot, comprises the following steps：Semi-continuous casting
Cheng Zhong, first by heat top and dummy ingot preheating, alloy melt reaches crystallizer by heat top, and melt liquid level rises to requirement
Highly, continuous casting is started, dummy ingot declines, and cooling water flow is increased, and process to be cast enters stable state, will be uniform
Cooler is deep into crystallizer, applies uniform cooling treatment and electromagnetic agitation treatment, makes large volume alloy melt
Temperature field and composition field distribution are uniform, obtain big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot.
9. the preparation method of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The rotary speed of described uniform cooler is 0~300r/min；Cooling medium be air, nitrogen, argon gas and water or
Oil, cooling medium consumption is 0~2000L/min.
10. the preparation method of big specification fine grain homogeneous aluminium alloy cast ingot according to claim 8, its feature exists
In：The intensity of cooling of described uniform cooling treatment is 500~5000W/ (m2K), the shearing of electromagnetic agitation treatment
Speed is 10~2000s-1。
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