CN106923197A - A kind of soybean water extract of low anti-nutrition component and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of soybean water extract of low anti-nutrition component and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of soybean water extract of low anti-nutrition component and preparation method thereof.Specifically, the pH of soybean water extract of the invention is between 4.8~6.5, and particle diameter Dmean scopes are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；And/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm.Its preparation method includes providing the soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings is separated；Centrifugation is implemented to soybean meal slurry, clear liquid is obtained；The pH of regulating step clear liquid to less than 6.5, such as 4.8~6.5, preferably 5.0~6.4；With make the clear liquid by filter membrane that cutoff value is within 20000 dalton.The soybean water extract prepared using the inventive method has excellent acid resistance, can effectively remove the ANFs such as phytic acid by filter membrane in acid condition.
Description
Technical field
Soybean water extract the present invention relates to low anti-nutrition component and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Although the nutritive value of soy protein products is very high, dairy product, nothing are even exceeded in some aspects
By be in American-European countries, or with traditional Asian that soybean is main consumer goods country, the production of soya-bean milk and
Consumption figure is all well below cow's milk.The reason for causing this situation is still fundamentally the mouthfeel of bean product
And ANFs.With reaching its maturity for people's consumption idea, advanced safe membrane separation technique is in removal
Miscellaneous taste material, removal anti-nutrient substance aspect is by with huge application prospect.
In soybean and its product containing trypsin inhibitor (TI), hemagglutinin, urase (UA), phytic acid,
The ANFs such as hormone.These ANFs are mostly harmful, wherein be most difficult to inactivation is pancreas egg
White enzyme level element and urase, most ANFs to thermally labile, typically under 100 DEG C of high temperature i.e.
In loss of activity, therefore soybean processing ANFs can be eliminated or reduce by heating.Although such as
This, oligosaccharide reduces content with phytic acid not as the condition of heat treatment is violent, and phytic acid content is higher
The absorption of mineral composition is significantly affects, harmful effect is produced to human body.
Flatulent factors in soybean are mainly raffinose, stachyose and verbascose.Raffinose contains in soybean
Amount about 1%, stachyose content in soybean is about 4%.Cottonseed trisaccharide and stachyose can not by stomach and
The digestion enzymic digestion of intestines epimere, but by the bacterial fermentation aerogenesis in colon, cause flatulence.Stomach and intestine are swollen
The resistance to heat treatment of the gas factor, but water-soluble and 80% ethanol, beans fermentation can also reduce its content.
Contain phytate higher in soybean, content is up to 17.9mg/g (dry weight), should in soybean protein isolate
When in being produced for dairy products, the too high levels of phytic acid can not only directly influence dissolution characteristics, reduce
The content of calcium in dairy produce, also largely have impact on human body to such as Ca of metallic element in the middle of dairy products,
The absorption of the nutrients such as Mg, Zn, Cu and Fe.At physiological ph, phytic acid forms insoluble with calcium
Salt so that the utilization rate of calcium is low.The method that phytic acid is removed in industry is more, but in general, effect
Not very significantly, thus in reduction soybean protein the content of phytic acid still suffers from the space that can be probed into.
The phosphate group that can be dissociated can be negatively charged in the range of whole pH, is allowed to and protein and cation
With reference to.When pH is less than isoelectric points of proteins, phytic acid is combined band net positive charge with protein, by
The compound of insolubility is formed in electrostatic interaction, when pH is higher than isoelectric points of proteins, albumen
Matter-metal cation (Ca2+, Mg2+)-phytic acid can form the ternary complex of complexity.But, due to phytic acid
Also can be interacted with bivalent cation, thus this more important ternary complex is difficult to carry out really
It is fixed.Interaction between phytic acid and calcium makes the absorptivity reduction by 90% of small enteral calcium, and these effects are equally
Some functional characteristics of protein are changed, including dissolubility etc..
For bean product, membrane separation technique not only merely serve concentration, separation, purification
Effect, and in removal bad flavor material, present-color material and removal anti-nutrient substance, enrichment nutrients
The aspects such as matter play great function, it is often more important that, these puzzlement problems are still to limit soybean system at present
The barrier of product Industry Quick Development.With the continuous progress of modern times processing science and technology, as consumer is to " safely,
Demand that nutrition, health " is increasingly paid attention to forms consumption market and retrodicts the gradually enhancing of power, and membrane separation technique exists
Necessarily broader practice space is had in soybean prod.
The content of the invention
The first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of soybean water extract, when the pH of the soybean water extract is 4.8~6.5
Between when, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract are 3.00~16.00 μm, and/or D90 scopes are
8.00~25.00 μm.
In one or more embodiments, when the pH of the soybean water extract is between 4.8~6.5, should
The particle diameter Dmean scopes of soybean water extract be 3.29~15.15 μm, and/or D90 scopes be 8.55~
24.56μm。
In one or more embodiments, when the pH of the soybean water extract is between 4.8~6.5, should
The particle diameter Dmean scopes of soybean water extract are 3.00~16.00 μm, and D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm.
In one or more embodiments, when the pH of the soybean water extract is between 4.8~6.5, should
The particle diameter Dmean scopes of soybean water extract are 3.29~15.15 μm, and D90 scopes are 8.55~24.56 μm.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract has following any one, any multinomial or complete
Portion's feature：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are less than 7%；With
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution；With
(5) phytic acid content ＜ 0.1%.
In one or more embodiments, in the dry of the soybean water extract, fat content and protein
The ratio between content is less than 3.4%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Sour ＜ 0.05%, preferably phytic acid ＜ 0.04%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Acid<0.035%.
In one or more embodiments, in the preparation process of the soybean water extract without it is any heat at
Reason, mechanical expression treatment and biochemical reagents treatment.
Second aspect present invention provides a kind of raising soybean water extract acid resistance or prepares the big of acid resistance raising
The method of beans water extract, methods described includes：The soybean meal slurry obtained after being separated to screenings is separated again,
Clear liquid is obtained, wherein, the clear liquid is the soybean water extract that acid resistance is improved.
In one or more embodiments, described separation again is carried out using centrifugation, and condition is：
100 × g~10000 × g；Centrifugation time is 1min~40min.
In one or more embodiments, methods described also includes：Soybeans soaking, grinding and screenings are separated
The step of.
In one or more embodiments, the soybeans soaking including being with water quality ratio according to dry beans
1:3~1:By soybeans soaking in water, soaking temperature is 0~20 DEG C to 7 ratio, and soak time is 1~48
Hour.
In one or more embodiments, after soybeans soaking, remove outer skin and the plumular axis being scattered, drain water
Point, it is then 1 according to dry beans and water quality ratio:4~1:10 ratio is added water in drained soybean；
One or more in neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are added, prepares defibrination.
In one or more embodiments, the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sulphur
Sour sodium, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.005%~0.5% of compound gross mass.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.05%~0.3% of compound gross mass, such as 0.08%~0.2%.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding includes grinding twice.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding being carried out using stone mill or steel mill, defibrination temperature is -2~
40 DEG C, preferably 0~4 DEG C.
In one or more embodiments, after grinding first, the screenings mixture obtained by grinding is entered again
Row grinding, is fully contacted screenings mixture, so that protein separates out complete and slurry system uniform particle diameter.
In one or more embodiments, separated using centrifugation or screw extruding and realize that screenings is separated,
Obtain the soybean meal slurry.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation meets：When this is big
When the pH of beans water extract is between 4.8~6.5, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract for 3.00~
16.00 μm, and/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm.
Third aspect present invention provides a kind of preparation method of soybean water extract, and methods described includes：
(1) soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings is separated is provided；
(2) soybean meal slurry to step (1) implements centrifugation, obtains clear liquid；
(3) pH to less than 6.5 of the clear liquid that regulating step (2) is obtained；With
(4) clear liquid obtained by step (3) is made by filter membrane that cutoff value is within 20000 dalton；
The soybean water extract is obtained so as to retain.
In one or more embodiments, methods described also includes：Soybeans soaking, grinding and screenings are separated
The step of.
In one or more embodiments, the soybeans soaking including being with water quality ratio according to dry beans
1:3~1:By soybeans soaking in water, soaking temperature is 0~20 DEG C to 7 ratio, and soak time is 1~48
Hour.
In one or more embodiments, after soybeans soaking, remove outer skin and the plumular axis being scattered, drain water
Point, it is then 1 according to dry beans and water quality ratio:4~1:10 ratio is added water in drained soybean；
One or more in neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are added, prepares defibrination.
In one or more embodiments, the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sulphur
Sour sodium, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.005%~0.5% of compound gross mass.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.05%~0.3% of compound gross mass, such as 0.08%~0.2%.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding includes grinding twice.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding being carried out using stone mill or steel mill, defibrination temperature is -2~
40 DEG C, preferably 0~4 DEG C.
In one or more embodiments, after grinding first, the screenings mixture obtained by grinding is entered again
Row grinding, is fully contacted screenings mixture, so that protein separates out complete and slurry system uniform particle diameter.
In one or more embodiments, separated using centrifugation or screw extruding and realize that screenings is separated,
Obtain the soybean meal slurry.
In one or more embodiments, step (2) separation is carried out using centrifugation, condition
For：100 × g~10000 × g；Centrifugation time is 1min~40min.
In one or more embodiments, in step (3), the pH of clear liquid is adjusted to：5≤pH≤
6.4。
In one or more embodiments, inorganic acid and/or organic acid for adjusting pH are used.
In one or more embodiments, the inorganic acid is selected from：Phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
In one or more embodiments, the organic acid is selected from：Citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and Portugal
One or more in grape acid.
In one or more embodiments, by within the scope of pH regulations to 5.0~6.0 in step (3).
In one or more embodiments, the clear liquid after regulation pH is set to be 800-20000 by cutoff value
The filter membrane of dalton.
In one or more embodiments, filtered using milipore filter or nanofiltration device.
In one or more embodiments, methods described include any heat treatment, mechanical expression treatment and
Biochemical reagents treatment.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation meets：When this is big
When the pH of beans water extract is between 4.8~6.5, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract for 3.00~
16.00 μm, and/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation has following any
Item, any multinomial or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are less than 7%；With
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, if total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution,
Phytic acid content ＜ 0.1%.
In one or more embodiments, in the dry of the soybean water extract, fat content and protein
The ratio between content is less than 3.4%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Sour ＜ 0.05%, preferably phytic acid ＜ 0.04%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Acid<0.035%.
Fourth aspect present invention provides a kind of method for reducing phytic acid content in soybean water extract, methods described bag
Include：
(1) soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings is separated is provided；
(2) soybean meal slurry to step (1) implements centrifugation, obtains clear liquid；
(3) pH to less than 6.5 of the clear liquid that regulating step (2) is obtained；With
(4) clear liquid obtained by step (3) is made by filter membrane that cutoff value is within 20000 dalton；
So as to reduce the content of phytic acid in retention gained soybean water extract.
In one or more embodiments, methods described also includes：Soybeans soaking, grinding and screenings are separated
The step of.
In one or more embodiments, the soybeans soaking including being with water quality ratio according to dry beans
1:3~1:By soybeans soaking in water, soaking temperature is 0~20 DEG C to 7 ratio, and soak time is 1~48
Hour.
In one or more embodiments, after soybeans soaking, remove outer skin and the plumular axis being scattered, drain water
Point, it is then 1 according to dry beans and water quality ratio:4~1:10 ratio is added water in drained soybean；
One or more in neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are added, prepares defibrination.
In one or more embodiments, the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sulphur
Sour sodium, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.005%~0.5% of compound gross mass.
In one or more embodiments, the addition of the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is mixed obtained by after adding water
The 0.05%~0.3% of compound gross mass, such as 0.08%~0.2%.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding includes grinding twice.
In one or more embodiments, the grinding being carried out using stone mill or steel mill, defibrination temperature is -2~
40 DEG C, preferably 0~4 DEG C.
In one or more embodiments, after grinding first, the screenings mixture obtained by grinding is entered again
Row grinding, is fully contacted screenings mixture, so that protein separates out complete and slurry system uniform particle diameter.
In one or more embodiments, separated using centrifugation or screw extruding and realize that screenings is separated,
Obtain the soybean meal slurry.
In one or more embodiments, step (2) separation is carried out using centrifugation, condition
For：100 × g~10000 × g；Centrifugation time is 1min~40min.
In one or more embodiments, be adjusted to for the pH of clear liquid in (3) by step：5≤pH≤6.4.
In one or more embodiments, inorganic acid and/or organic acid for adjusting pH are used.
In one or more embodiments, the inorganic acid is selected from：Phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
In one or more embodiments, the organic acid is selected from：Citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and Portugal
One or more in grape acid.
In one or more embodiments, by within the scope of pH regulations to 5.0~6.0 in step (3).
In one or more embodiments, the clear liquid after regulation pH is set to be 800-20000 by cutoff value
The filter membrane of dalton.
In one or more embodiments, filtered using milipore filter or nanofiltration device.
In one or more embodiments, methods described include any heat treatment, mechanical expression treatment and
Biochemical reagents treatment.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation meets：When this is big
When the pH of beans water extract is between 4.8~6.5, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract for 3.00~
16.00 μm, and/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm.
In one or more embodiments, with the total restatement of soybean water extract, if in the soybean water extract solution
Total solid is more than 8%, then phytic acid content ＜ 0.1%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Sour ＜ 0.05%, preferably phytic acid ＜ 0.04%.
In one or more embodiments, if total solid is more than 8% in soybean water extract solution, plant
Acid<0.035%.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation has following any
Item, any multinomial or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
With
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are less than 7%；
In one or more embodiments, in the dry of the soybean water extract, fat content and protein
The ratio between content is less than 3.4%.
Fifth aspect present invention provides a kind of soybean water extract, and the pH of the soybean water extract is 4.8~6.5
Between, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；
And/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm.
In one or more embodiments, the soybean water extract has following any one, any multinomial or complete
Portion's feature：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are less than 7%；
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution；With
(5) phytic acid content ＜ 0.05%.
In one or more embodiments, in the dry of the soybean water extract, fat content and protein
The ratio between content is less than 3.4%.
In one or more embodiments, phytic acid content ＜ 0.04%, such as<0.035%.
Sixth aspect present invention provide a kind of acid resistance low phytic acid soybean water extract prepare drink containing soya-bean milk or
Application in bean product.Because the phytic acid content of soybean water extract of the present invention is low, mineral nutrients are not
Can be chelated and influence internal digestive system to absorb, therefore, soybean water extract of the invention can be used to prepare height
The food such as the ice cream containing soya-bean milk of the soya-bean milk drinks such as reinforcing mineral matter soya-bean milk or correlation, it is also possible to for being processed into
The bean product such as bean curd, the skin of soya-bean milk.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of implementation of the preparation method of the soybean water extract of ANFs constituent reduction of the invention
The flow chart of example.
Fig. 2 shows carries out polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to the soybean water extract of embodiment two
Result.
Specific embodiment
Method and thus obtained soybean water the present invention relates to reduce ANFs in soybean water extract
Extract.Herein, ANFs includes but is not limited to phytic acid.The method of the present invention includes separating screenings
The soybean meal slurry of gained implements centrifugation acquisition clear liquid, adjusts the pH to less than 6.5 of the clear liquid and incite somebody to action
The step of clear liquid that have adjusted pH is the filter membrane acquisition trapped fluid below 20000 dalton by cutoff value.
Can be separated using conventional centrifugation technique.Generally, in 100 × g~10000 × g, such as
Under conditions of 1000 × g~8000 × g, 2000 × g~6000 × g, 3000 × g~5000 × g etc. centrifugation for 1min~
40min, such as 5min~30min, 10min~30min.
The pH to less than 6.5 of clear liquid can be adjusted using various edible acid known in the art.It is this kind of
Acid includes inorganic acid and organic acid, such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and Portugal
Grape acid.Can be used alone a kind of or be used in mixed way two or more acid.For local flavor, preferably use
Machine acid.Preferably, pH is adjusted in the range of 4.8~6.5, more preferably 5.0~6.4 scope
It is interior.It should be understood that can by pH regulations to any number in the range of 4.8~6.5, for example, regulation pH to
5.0 ± 0.2,5.2 ± 0.2,5.5 ± 0.2,5.8 ± 0.2,6.0 ± 0.2,6.2 ± 0.2,6.3 ± 0.2 etc..Cause
This, is to the sour amount and without concrete restriction that are added in clear liquid, as long as after adding the acid, the pH of gained clear liquid
Within above range.
Suitable for filter membrane of the invention can be various cutoff values well known in the art 20000 dalton with
Interior filter membrane, preferably cutoff value are the filter membrane of 800~20000 dalton.For example, ability can be used
The film separation system of 800~20000 known dalton of domain.Separation equipment can be milipore filter or nanofiltration system.
Membrane material used can be one kind of organic rolled film, ceramic membrane or inorganic material film.
In the present invention, 1min to 150min is usually using the time of membrane filtration, can be according to actual institute
The solid content of the soybean water extract for needing and the working condition of reality determine.
Soybean water extract acid resistance of the present invention is stronger.Therefore, when pH is turned down before UF membrane, clear liquid is especially worked as
During pH ＜ 5.5, phytic acid can dissolve 35~75% in clear liquid, and now soybean protein solubility is relatively low.Cause
This, by film separation system, can be effectively reduced the content of phytic acid in soybean water extract.Generally, using institute
Method is stated, the phytic acid content of preparation-obtained soybean water extract ＜ 0.05% can be reduced to, such as phytic acid contains
Amount ＜ 0.04%, such as<0.035%.
Therefore the present invention also provides a kind of soybean improved soybean water extract acid resistance or prepare acid resistance raising
The method of water extract, methods described includes：The soybean meal slurry obtained after being separated to screenings is separated again,
Clear liquid is obtained, wherein, the clear liquid is the soybean water extract that acid resistance is improved.
Can again be separated using previously described centrifugation technique.Separating obtained clear liquid is generally by its pH
Adjust to after less than 6.5, with following particle size range：Dmean scopes are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as
3.29~15.15 μm；And/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm.At one
Or in multiple embodiments, the Dmean numerical value of the soybean water extract can be adjustable by adjusting pH, example
Such as from about 4.0 μm, 4.5 μm, 5.0 μm, 8.0 μm, 10.0 μm, the particle diameters such as 12.0 μm can be by regulation
PH simple realizations；Similarly, in one or more embodiments, the D90 numerical value of the soybean water extract can
With adjustable by adjusting pH, e.g., from about 10.0 μm, 12.0 μm, 15.0 μm, 18.0 μm, 20.0 μm,
The particle diameters such as 22.0 μm can be by adjusting pH simple realizations.Preferably, adjusted to 6.5 by its pH
After below, the clear liquid has following particle size range：Dmean scopes are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~
15.15μm；It it is 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm with D90 scopes.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing soybean water extract, and methods described includes previously described each step
Suddenly, such as：The soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings is separated is provided；Centrifugation is implemented to soybean meal slurry, obtains clear
Liquid；The pH to less than 6.5 of the obtained clear liquid of regulation；It is 20000 with making the clear liquid of gained pass through cutoff value
Filter membrane within dalton.
The above-mentioned each method of the present invention may also include the steps such as soybeans soaking known in the art, grinding and screenings separation
Suddenly.
For example, soybeans soaking includes that according to dry beans and water quality ratio be 1:3~1:7 ratio soaks soybean
Duck in drink, soaking temperature is 0~20 DEG C, soak time is 1~48 hour.After soybeans soaking, remove
Outer skin and the plumular axis being scattered, it is drained, it is then 1 according to dry beans and water quality ratio:4~1:10 ratio
In adding water to drained soybean；One or more in neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are added, prepares defibrination.
Soybean can be the conventional various soybean for producing soybean water extract in this area.
Suitable neutral sodium-salt or sylvite are selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
The addition of neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is 0.005%~0.5% of gained mixture gross mass after adding water, such as
0.05%~0.3%, 0.08%~0.2%.
Grinding includes grinding twice.The grinding can be carried out using stone mill or steel mill, defibrination temperature is -2~
40 DEG C, preferably 0~4 DEG C.Soybean cotyledon when grinding because the too low lipoxidase activity of temperature is relatively low, because
(mixture of ice and water) is optimal at this 0 DEG C.
First after grinding (also referred to as " roughly grinding "), the screenings mixture obtained by grinding is ground again
(also referred to as " refining "), is fully contacted screenings mixture, so that protein separates out complete and slurries body
It is uniform particle diameter.After regrinding, particle is by levigate again.
After regrinding, separated using conventional centrifugation or screw extruding and realize that screenings is separated, obtain this
The separating obtained soybean meal slurry of screenings described in text.For example, when using centrifugation, it is also possible to
100 × g~10000 × g, in such as 1000 × g~8000 × g, 2000 × g~6000 × g, 3000 × g~5000 × g
Centrifugation is 1min~40min, such as 5min~30min, 10min~30min Deng under conditions of.
The method of the present invention does not include any heat treatment, mechanical expression treatment and biochemical reagents treatment.
The present invention is there is thus also provided various soybean water extracts.Preferably, soybean water extract of the invention is using upper
Any one method is stated to prepare.
A kind of soybean water extract of the invention possesses following characteristics：When by between its pH regulations to 4.8~6.5
When, the particle diameter Dmean scopes of the soybean water extract are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；
And/or, D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm.In one or more embodiments,
The Dmean numerical value of the soybean water extract can be adjustable by adjusting pH, e.g., from about 4.0 μm, 4.5 μm,
5.0 μm, 8.0 μm, 10.0 μm, the particle diameters such as 12.0 μm can be by adjusting pH simple realizations；Similarly,
In one or more embodiments, the D90 numerical value of the soybean water extract can be adjustable by adjusting pH,
E.g., from about 10.0 μm, 12.0 μm, 15.0 μm, 18.0 μm, 20.0 μm, the particle diameters such as 22.0 μm can lead to
Overregulate pH simple realizations.This soybean water extract acid resistance is improved, corresponding to previously described clear liquid.Adopt
Such soybean water extract can be prepared with the above-mentioned acid proof method of raising soybean water extract of the invention.
It is further preferred that adjusting the pH of the soybean water extract by the present invention and making to have adjusted the soybean of pH
When water extract is by the filtration system, the soybean water extract obtained by retention has following any one, any many
Item or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are excellent less than 7%
Choosing is less than 3.4%；
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution；With
(5) phytic acid content ＜ 0.1%, such as ＜ 0.05, % ＜ 0.04%,<0.035%.
Another kind soybean water extract of the invention has following characteristics：PH between 4.8~6.5, particle diameter Dmean
Scope is 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；And/or, D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm,
Such as 8.55~24.56 μm.In one or more embodiments, the Dmean numerical value of the soybean water extract can
With adjustable by adjusting pH, e.g., from about 4.0 μm, 4.5 μm, 5.0 μm, 8.0 μm, 10.0 μm, 12.0 μm
Can be by adjusting pH simple realizations Deng particle diameter；, it is similarly, in one or more embodiments, described
The D90 numerical value of soybean water extract can be adjustable by adjusting pH, e.g., from about 10.0 μm, 12.0 μm,
15.0 μm, 18.0 μm, 20.0 μm, the particle diameters such as 22.0 μm can be by adjusting pH simple realizations.Simultaneously
Or preferably, the phytic acid content ＜ 0.05% of the soybean water extract, such as ＜ 0.04%,<0.035%.Using this
The method of the method for ANFs and preparation soybean water extract can in reduction soybean water extract described in text
Prepare this kind of soybean water extract.
It is further preferred that the soybean water extract also has following any one, any multinomial or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are excellent less than 7%
Choosing is less than 3.4%；With
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution.
Because the phytic acid content of soybean water extract of the present invention is low, mineral nutrients will not be chelated and influence
Internal digestive system absorbs, therefore, soybean water extract of the invention can be used to prepare high strengthening mineral matter soya-bean milk
The food such as the ice cream containing soya-bean milk Deng soya-bean milk drink or correlation, it is also possible to for being processed into bean curd, skin of soya-bean milk etc.
Bean product.
The present invention has following characteristics and advantage：
1st, soybean water extract composition is processed by above-mentioned physics mode and causes that grease, protein and solubility are more
The soluble solids such as sugar there occurs the restructuring of conspicuousness, be separable phytic acid and soybean using membrane separation assemblies
Oligosaccharide, prepares the soybean water extract of low anti-nutrition component.
2nd, soybean water extract fat content of the present invention is extremely low, thus it is not thermally treated can carry out UF membrane operation,
And ensure to be produced without obvious bad flavor material in processing procedure.And no heat treatment significantly improves soybean water
The reservation (such as anti-oxidation function) of active component in extract.
3、4.8<pH<When 6.5, soybean water extract particle diameter Dmean scopes of the invention from 3.29-15.15 μm,
D90Scope from 8.55-24.56 μm, the soy composition of substantially less than identical physical and chemical index, particularly by " alkali
Molten acid is heavy " soybean products.
4th, soybean water extract of the present invention due to particle diameter it is relatively small for UF membrane has established practical basis, more by
Phytic acid is contributed to be separated with protein macromolecule in its strong acid resistance ability, therefore product of the present invention is by film
The anti-nutrition component efficiency such as separation equipment removal Phytic Acid In Soybean are significantly improved.
5th, in the present invention, bad flavor is significantly reduced after soybean water extract is processed through membrane separation assemblies, beans raw meat
Taste, bitter taste, beans stink, the reduction of cereal taste are notable, and color is white and moist, and delicate mouthfeel, taste is homogeneous.
Embodiment
Hereafter the present invention will be illustrated in the way of specific embodiment.It should be understood that these embodiments are only to illustrate
Property, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.Involved method and reagent in embodiment, unless otherwise indicated,
Otherwise it is the conventional method in this area and reagent.
The measure of the phytic acid content involved by embodiment, the measure of protein content, determination of fat, grain
The measure in footpath, the measure of solid content and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are carried out as mentioned below.
The measure of phytic acid content：
10g soymilk is taken in extractor, 5% trichloroacetic acid and each 100ml of 10% sodium thiosulfate is added,
After fully shaking is mixed, be placed in and 30min shaken in ultrasonator, taken out after concussion is good 3000r/min from
Heart 10min, separation supernatant is extract solution.Phytic acid extracting solution 50g is taken, is adjusted with 1mol/l hydrochloric acid solutions
Extracting liquid pH value adds 10 drops 10 to extract solution between 1.8-2.5, to be heated to 60 DEG C in water-bath
% sulfosalisylic acid solutions, it is titration end-point to be titrated to aubergine colour-fast with 0.02mol/l iron chloride.
In formula, C is the concentration of liquor ferri trichloridi, mol/l；V consumes liquor ferri trichloridi by titration
Amount, ml；W is example weight, g；N is solution coefficient, is 1；0.2357 represents each phytate molecule
2.8 Fe can be complexed3+, the suitable 0.2357g phytic acid of 1mmol ferric trichlorides.
The measure of protein content：
With reference to the measure of the Protein in Food of GB GB 5009.5-2010.
Determination of fat：
With reference to the measure of fat in the infant foods of GB GB 5413.3-2010 and dairy products.
The measure of particle diameter：
Sample is taken in being determined on Backman laser nano particle size analyzers, each sample is determined three times.
The measure of solid content：
A little sample is taken, is determined using hand-held Brix analyzers.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis：
Constant pressure electrophoresis is carried out using the electrophoresis plate of 16cm × l6cm, the concentration for concentrating glue and separation gel is respectively
4% and 12.5%, coomassie brilliant blue R_250 dyeing.Contain 10mmol/L in reproducibility electrophoresis sample buffer
Beta -mercaptoethanol, reproducibility electrophoresis Sample through diluting after boiling 5min in boiling water bath, after being cooled to room temperature
10min is centrifuged in 16000r/min.
Use 1.5mol/L Tris pH 8.8,30% acrylamide gel liquid, 10%SDS, 10%AP with
And TEMED prepares 12.5% separation gel；With 0.5MTrispH 8.8,30% acrylamide gel storing solution,
10%SDS, 10%AP and TEMED prepare 4% and concentrate glue.
After sample loading, electrophoresis plate is put into electrophoresis tank, starts constant pressure electrophoresis.Initial setting up electric current is
20mA, adjusts electric current to 40-50mA when sample is run to separation gel.When band runs the bottommost to plate,
Cut off the electricity supply, glue is carefully peeled off, be placed in dyeing liquor and dye 1h, then insert in acetic acid destainer and take off
Color ll-12h, it should be noted that change destainer in time.Whne the background color of running gel take off for it is transparent when, be scanned.
Embodiment one
1. selected particle is complete, and full, bright, nothing is gone mouldy, particularly the low soybean of petal-breaking rate.
2. soak：The abundant soaking soybean in water, immersion water source is running water, according to 1:5 dry beans with
Water quality ratio is soaked；Soaking temperature is 4 DEG C, and the time is 18 hours.
3. pretreatment before grinding：Peeling and plumular axis, it is drained, keep swelled soybean integrality, it is to avoid
Lipoxidase meets water activation.It is 1 by wet beans and water quality ratio in terms of wet beans weight:6 amount adds water.Plus
Potassium chloride, addition is the 0.15% of gross mass.
4. roughly grind：Using stone mill, defibrination temperature is close to 0 DEG C, mixture of ice and water.
5. refine：Screenings mixture after first time is roughly ground fully is merged, and is again introduced into fine grinding, particle
By levigate again.
6. screenings is separated：Using centrifugation, protein >=4.2%, the original of fat content >=2.23% are obtained
Slurry.
7. centrifugation：The magma centrifugation that will be obtained, condition is：4000 × g, 20min.Separation is obtained
Filtrate, be rich in high protein, Hi CHO, Low grease soybean water extract, its protein >=3.2
%, fat content≤0.2%, solution system pH6.4.
8. the soybean water extract (solid content 8%, phytic acid content 0.045%) that step 7 is obtained is not
It is heat-treated, its pH is adjusted to 6 using 50% citric acid.Then the soybean water extract is made to pass through 10000
Ceramic membrane ultrafitration piece-rate system (the membrane area 1m of dalton2)。
After ultrafiltration, it is 3.29 μm, D to obtain particle diameter Dmean90It is 8.55 μm of soybean water extract.Ultrafiltration
During different time sections trapped fluid solid formation concentration and phytic acid content it is as shown in table 1 below：
Table 1
| Index and time | 0min | 30min | 60min | 90min | 120min |
| Solid content (%) | 8.0 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11 |
| Phytic acid (%) | 0.045 | 0.038 | 0.034 | 0.032 | 0.036 |
As it can be seen from table 1 in the ultrafiltration soybean water extract that obtains of retention, solid content is 11%, is planted
Acid content is 0.036%, protein >=5.0%, fat content≤0.35%.Solid content through thing is
3.5%, protein content is less than or equal to 0.5%.
Embodiment two
First five is walked to repeat embodiment one, and screenings separation is carried out using centrifugation, obtains protein >=4.2%, grease
The magma of content >=2.33%, now soybean water extract pH6.4.
The magma centrifugation that will be obtained, condition is：4000 × g, 20min.
Isolated filtrate, be rich in high protein, Hi CHO, Low grease soybean water extract, should
Protein >=3.2% of soybean water extract, fat content≤0.2%, now soybean water extract pH6.4.
Sample is carried out into polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), subunit component sign is carried out, tied
Fruit is as shown in Figure 2.
Can clearly be learnt by electrophoretogram, the soybean water extract 7S and 11S subunit light levels hair after separation
Obvious change is given birth to, i.e., former soybean water extract is compared with separating filtrate, and 11S contents are more higher, and due to
11S isoelectric points are close to pH5.8, and 7S isoelectric points, close to pH4.5, acid-fast ability is weaker.And after separating
It is precipitated as thick, clear liquid also albumin content is (i.e. sour insoluble protein content high) high, therefore to sum up 2 points,
The clear liquid that new technology is obtained has good acid resistance within the specific limits.
Used after being acidified again shown according to the form below 2 and separated greatly with the identical ceramic membrane ultrafitration piece-rate system of embodiment one
Beans water extract, particle diameter distribution is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| pH6.4 | pH6.0 | pH5.0 | |
| Dmean(μm) | 3.299 | 4.563 | 15.15 |
| D90(μm) | 8.553 | 13.42 | 24.56 |
From table 2 it can be seen that 5<pH<When 6.4, soybean water extract particle diameter Dmean scopes of the present invention from
3.29-15.15 μm, D90Scope is from 8.55-24.56 μm.
Embodiment three
1. selected whole soybeans particle.
2. soak：Immersion water source is deionized water, according to 1:3 dry beans are soaked with water quality ratio,
Soaking temperature is 8 DEG C, and the time is 10 hours.
3. pretreatment before grinding：Peeling and plumular axis, it is drained, keep swelled soybean integrality, it is to avoid
Lipoxidase meets water activation.In terms of dry beans weight, according to 1:5 dry beans add water with water quality ratio.Chlorination
Change sodium, addition is the 0.1% of gross mass.
4. roughly grind：Using stone mill, defibrination temperature is close to 0 DEG C, mixture of ice and water.
5. refine：Screenings mixture after first time is roughly ground fully is merged, and is again introduced into fine grinding, particle
By levigate again.
6. screenings is separated：Using centrifugation, protein >=4.86%, the original of fat content >=2.7% are obtained
Slurry.
7. centrifugation：The magma centrifugation that will be obtained, condition is：2000 × g, 10min.Separate
To filtrate, i.e., rich in high protein, Hi CHO, Low grease soybean water extract, the soybean water extract
Protein >=3.57%, fat content≤0.15%.
8. the soybean water extract (solid content 9%) that step 7 is obtained is not heat-treated, uses
Its pH is adjusted to 5 by 50% citric acid, and is passed to the ceramic membrane ultrafitration piece-rate system of 20000 dalton
(membrane area 1m2)。
After ultrafiltration, it is 15.15 μm, D to obtain particle diameter Dmean90It is 24.56 μm of soybean water extract.It is super
The concentration and phytic acid content of different time sections permeate and trapped fluid surpass as shown in table 3 below and 4 during filter
Solid content 9% before filter, phytic acid content 0.048%.
Table 3
| Index and time | 30min | 60min |
| Permeate solid content (%) | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Phytic acid (%) | 0.03 | 0.037 |
Table 4
| Index and time | 30min | 60min |
| Trapped substance solid content (%) | 9.5 | 11 |
| Phytic acid (%) | 0.039 | 0.037 |
From table 3 and 4 it is known that after ultrafiltration, the solid content of the soybean water extract of retention is 11%,
Protein >=5.5%, fat content≤0.22%.It is 3%, protein content≤0.5 through thing solid content
%.
Example IV
1. selected whole soybeans particle.
2. soak：Immersion water source is deionized water, according to 1：3 dry beans add water with water quality ratio, immersion
Temperature is 8 DEG C, and the time is 12 hours.
3. pretreatment before grinding：Peeling and plumular axis, it is drained, keep swelled soybean integrality, it is to avoid
Lipoxidase meets water activation.In terms of dry beans weight, according to 1：7 dry beans add water with water quality ratio.Plus
Sodium chloride, addition is the 0.05% of gross mass.
4. roughly grind：Using stone mill, defibrination temperature is close to 0 DEG C, mixture of ice and water.
5. refine：Screenings mixture after first time is roughly ground fully is merged, and is again introduced into fine grinding, particle
By levigate again.
6. screenings is separated：Using centrifugation, protein >=3.7%, the magma of fat content >=2% are obtained.
7. centrifugation：The magma centrifugation that will be obtained, condition is：3000 × g, 20min.Separate
To filtrate, i.e., rich in high protein, Hi CHO, Low grease soybean water extract, its protein >=2.7
%, fat content≤0.14%.
8. the soybean water extract (solid content 7%) of step 7 is not heat-treated, uses 50% lactic acid
By its pH regulations to 6.0, the soybean water extract is then set to pass through 10000 dalton ceramic membrane ultrafitration segregative lines
System (membrane area 1m2)。
The solid content of the soybean water extract obtained after ultrafiltration is 10%, protein >=5.0%, fat content
≤ 0.3%.
9. the formula of according to the form below 5, prepares low anti-nutrition component soya-bean milk new product.
Table 5
Note：Soya-bean milk base-material is the soybean water extract that step 8 is obtained.
10. after material is formulated, 60 DEG C, SPS companies AP-1000 types it is high-pressure homogeneous (25MPa), prepare
Obtain soybean milk product, its protein >=3.0%, grease >=3.0%.
11. sensory evaluations
Sensory evaluation is carried out using assessment method of inspection, 30 trial test personnel is chosen, respectively to new product and city
After selling soya milk tasting, to table 6 in given a mark with characteristic, be from weak to strong 1-5 point.
Table 6
| New product | Commercially available soymilk | |
| Beany flavor | 1.5* | 4 |
| Bitter taste | 1* | 2.5 |
| Astringent taste | 1.5* | 3 |
| Beans stink | 1* | 3.5 |
| Chalk taste | 0.5 | 1 |
| The smell of burning | 0.5 | 1 |
| Cereal taste | 1.5* | 3 |
(* characterizes significant difference p ＜ 0.05, and 1-5 divides, from weak to strong)
Comparative example one
1. selected whole soybeans；
2. according to 1:7 dry beans add water with water quality ratio；
4. roughly grind：Using stone mill, defibrination temperature is close to 0 DEG C, mixture of ice and water；
5. refine：Screenings mixture after first time is roughly ground fully is merged, and is again introduced into fine grinding, particle
By levigate again；
6. screenings is separated, the slurries centrifugation that step 5 is obtained, and condition is：3000 × g, 20min,
It is 10%, protein >=4.2%, the magma of fat content >=2.33%, pH6.6 to obtain solid content；
7. step 6 gained soybean water extract is passed through 10000 dalton ceramic membrane ultrafitration piece-rate system (films
The ㎡ of area 1).
Particle diameter distribution is as shown in table 7 below under the magma condition of different pH for arriving in step 6：
Table 7
| pH6.6 | pH5.9 | pH5.0 | |
| Dmean(μm) | 5.967 | 22.662 | 81.233 |
Different time sections permeate phytic acid content is as shown in table 8 below in ultra-filtration process.
Table 8
| Index and time | 30min | 60min |
| Permeate solid content (%) | 3.2 | 3.5 |
| Phytic acid (%) | 0.0031 | 0.0187 |
Claims (10)
1. a kind of soybean water extract, the pH of the soybean water extract is between 4.8~6.5, and particle diameter Dmean
Scope is 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；And/or D90 scopes are 8.00~25.00 μm,
Such as 8.55~24.56 μm.
2. soybean water extract as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soybean water extract has
Following any one, any multinomial or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are excellent less than 7%
Choosing is less than 3.4%；
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution；With
(5) phytic acid content ＜ 0.05%, such as ＜ 0.04%,<0.035%.
3. it is a kind of improve soybean water extract acid resistance or prepare acid resistance improve soybean water extract method,
Characterized in that, methods described includes：The soybean meal slurry obtained after being separated to screenings is separated again, is obtained
Clear liquid is obtained, wherein, the clear liquid is the soybean water extract that acid resistance is improved；
Preferably, the soybean water extract obtained by methods described preparation meets：When the pH of the soybean water extract exists
When between 4.8~6.5, its particle diameter Dmean scopes be 3.00~16.00 μm, and/or D90 scopes be 8.00~
25.00μm。
4. it is a kind of reduce soybean water extract in phytic acid content or prepare soybean water extract method, methods described
Including：
(1) soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings is separated is provided；
(2) soybean meal slurry to step (1) implements centrifugation, obtains clear liquid；
(3) pH of the clear liquid that regulating step (2) is obtained is to less than 6.5, and such as 4.8~6.5, preferably
5.0~6.4；With
(4) clear liquid obtained by step (3) is made by filter membrane that cutoff value is within 20000 dalton；
So as to reduce in the soybean water extract phytic acid content or prepare the soybean water extract.
5. the method as described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that
The soybean meal slurry obtained after screenings described in centrifugation is separated under conditions of 100 × g~10000 × g
1min~40min, obtains the clear liquid；And/or
Use inorganic acid and/or organic acid for adjusting pH, it is preferable that using selected from phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,
One or more regulation pH in the acid of citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and grape.
6. the method as any one of claim 3-5, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
The step of soybeans soaking, grinding and screenings are separated.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that in methods described：
It is 1 according to dry beans and water quality ratio:3~1:By soybeans soaking in water, soaking temperature is 7 ratio
0~20 DEG C, soak time is 1~48 hour；And/or
After soybeans soaking, remove outer skin and the plumular axis being scattered, it is drained, then according to dry beans and water quality
Than being 1:4~1:10 ratio is added water in drained soybean；In addition neutral sodium-salt or sylvite
One or more, prepare defibrination；Preferably, the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite be selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride,
The addition of sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, the neutral sodium-salt or sylvite is gained mixture after adding water
The 0.005%~0.5% of gross mass, such as 0.05%~0.3%, 0.08%~0.2%；And/or
The grinding includes grinding twice, it is preferred to use stone mill or steel mill carry out the grinding, and defibrination temperature is
- 2~40 DEG C, preferably 0~4 DEG C；And/or
Separated using centrifugation or screw extruding and realize that screenings is separated, obtain the soybean meal slurry.
8. the soybean water extract for being prepared using the method any one of claim 3-7.
9. a kind of soybean water extract, it is characterised in that when the pH of the soybean water extract is between 4.8~6.5
When, its particle diameter Dmean scopes are 3.00~16.00 μm, such as 3.29~15.15 μm；And/or D90 scopes
It is 8.00~25.00 μm, such as 8.55~24.56 μm；
Preferably, when the pH of the soybean water extract is adjusted in the range of 4.8~6.5 and makes to have adjusted pH
Soybean water extract by cutoff value in the filter membrane within 20000 dalton, the soybean water obtained by retention
Extract has following any one, any multinomial or whole features：
(1) in the dry of the soybean water extract, protein is with carbohydrate proportion more than 90%；
(2) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between carbohydrate content and protein content are less than 1；
(3) in the dry of the soybean water extract, the ratio between fat content and protein content are excellent less than 7%
Choosing is less than 3.4%；
(4) with the total restatement of soybean water extract, total solid is more than 8% in the soybean water extract solution；With
(5) phytic acid content ＜ 0.1%, such as ＜ 0.05, % ＜ 0.04%,<0.035%.
10. the soybean water extract described in claim 1,2,8 or 9 is preparing drink containing soya-bean milk or soybean system
Purposes in product.
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| CN112155203A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-01-01 | 荣鼎(广东)生物科技有限公司 | Protein powder with rapid digestion function |
| CN115484830A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2022-12-16 | 皆食得公司 | Bean protein separation by ultrafiltration |
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