CN106921297A - 一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器 - Google Patents

一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器 Download PDF

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CN106921297A
CN106921297A CN201710266972.9A CN201710266972A CN106921297A CN 106921297 A CN106921297 A CN 106921297A CN 201710266972 A CN201710266972 A CN 201710266972A CN 106921297 A CN106921297 A CN 106921297A
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CN106921297B (zh
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寇宝泉
韦坚
张海林
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H02J5/005—
    • H02J7/025—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，涉及电机驱动控制领域，为了解决现有非接触电能传输技术的供电可靠性和供电效率低、变换器的体积与重量大的问题。交流电源的输出端与可控整流电路的交流输入端相连，可控整流电路的直流输出端与单相高频逆变电路的直流输入端相连，单相高频逆变电路的交流输出端与单相隔离谐振电路的交流输入端相连，单相隔离谐振电路的i个交流输出端分别与i个单相‑多相变换电路的交流输入端相连，每个单相‑多相变换电路的交流输出端与交流负载相连，单相隔离谐振电路的j个交流输出端分别与j个单相整流电路的交流输入端相连，每个单相整流电路的直流输出端与直流负载相连。本发明适用于非接触式电能传输。

Description

一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及电机驱动控制领域。
背景技术
传统的动初级电机系统的供电，如动初级直线电机、高速轮轨列车驱动电机、电动汽车驱动电机的供电多采用拖线电缆、受电弓、第三轨以及车载蓄电池等供电方式，因此具有可靠性低、系统复杂、体积重量大等缺点。
近年来，非接触电能传输技术在国内外受到广泛关注。移动式感应耦合电能传输系统，基于电磁感应原理，可实现用电设备与供电设备之间在静止或者运动状态下非物理接触的电能传输，相比传统的通过受电弓、第三轨、拖线电缆等供电方式，具有很高的灵活性和良好的环境适应性，在运动供电场合具有优势。
而目前所研究的利用非接触电能传输技术给移动中的电机供电多是通过电磁效应或者能量交换将地面上的电能传输到运动体或车辆上，先转换为直流电能，然后再将直流电能逆变成交流电能来驱动电机。这种供电方式最大的问题是电机制动时产生的电能无法回馈至电网，而且车上的滤波电容体积和重量大，系统可靠性低、供电效率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有非接触式电能传输技术的供电可靠性和供电效率低、变换器的体积与重量大的问题，从而提供一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器。
本发明所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，包括可控整流电路、单相高频逆变电路、单相隔离谐振电路、i个单相-多相变换电路和j个单相整流电路，i、j均为正整数；
交流电源的输出端与可控整流电路的交流输入端相连，可控整流电路的直流输出端与单相高频逆变电路的直流输入端相连，单相高频逆变电路的交流输出端与单相隔离谐振电路的交流输入端相连，单相隔离谐振电路包括i+j个交流输出端，单相隔离谐振电路的i个交流输出端分别与i个单相-多相变换电路的交流输入端相连，每个单相-多相变换电路的交流输出端与交流负载相连，单相隔离谐振电路的j个交流输出端分别与j个单相整流电路的交流输入端相连，每个单相整流电路的直流输出端与直流负载相连。
优选的是，所述可控整流电路为单相可控整流电路或多相可控整流电路；
每相可控整流电路包括电感、可控整流器和滤波电容器；
交流电源的输出端与可控整流器的交流输入端通过电感相连，可控整流器的直流输出端并联滤波电容器。
优选的是，所述单相高频逆变电路为全桥逆变电路。
优选的是，单相隔离谐振电路包括运动变压器、输入谐振电容器和i+j个输出谐振电容器；
运动变压器包括1个初级线圈、i+j个次级线圈和磁芯；
1个初级线圈和i+j个次级线圈通过磁芯耦合，初级线圈和次级线圈相对运动；
输入谐振电容器与初级线圈串联，组成串联支路一，该串联支路一的两端为单相隔离谐振电路的交流输入端，每个次级线圈与一个输出谐振电容器串联，组成串联支路二，该串联支路二的两端为单相隔离谐振电路的一个交流输出端。
优选的是，所述磁芯为1至i+j个；
当磁芯为1个时，1个初级线圈和i+j个次级线圈共同绕制在一个磁芯上；当磁芯为多个时，1个初级线圈绕制在一个磁芯上，i+j个次级线圈分别绕制在其它的磁芯上；绕制初级线圈的磁芯为静止磁芯，绕制次级线圈的磁芯为运行磁芯。
当次级线圈作旋转运动时，初级线圈和次级线圈共同绕制在一个磁芯上；当运动变压器的初级线圈和次级线圈之间做直线相对运动时，磁芯为多个，次级线圈和初级线圈绕制在不同的磁芯上。
优选的是，所述单相-多相变换电路包括2m组功率半导体交流开关和m个滤波电容器，m为负载的相数；
串联支路二的每端分别同时与m组功率半导体交流开关的一端相连，2m组功率半导体交流开关的另一端两两相连后分别与m相负载相连，且该两两相连的功率半导体交流开关取自与串联支路二不同端相连的功率半导体交流开关；m个滤波电容器的一端相连，m个滤波电容器的另一端分别与m相负载相连。
优选的是，所述功率半导体交流开关采用两个反向串联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)或两个反向并联的反向阻断型绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)实现。
本发明提出一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器拓扑结构，通过采用一次侧和二次侧可相对运动的高频运动变压器以及功率半导体交流开关，实现了电能的非接触传输与变换，提高了供电的可靠性与供电效率，减小了变换器的体积与重量，可广泛应用于动初级直线电机驱动、多初级共次级直线电机输送装置驱动、多轿厢直线电梯驱动、磁悬浮列车驱动、轮轨列车驱动、电动汽车驱动。
附图说明
图1是具体实施方式一所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一：结合图1具体说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，包括三相的可控整流电路1、单相高频逆变电路2、单相隔离谐振电路3、1个单相-多相变换电路4和2个单相整流电路5；交流电源6的输出端与可控整流电路1的交流输入端相连，可控整流电路1包括电感、可控整流器和滤波电容器；可控整流器的每个交流输入端都串联一个电感，可控整流器的直流输出端并联滤波电容器；可控整流电路1的直流输出端与单相高频逆变电路2的直流输入端相连，单相高频逆变电路2的交流输出端与单相隔离谐振电路3的交流输入端相连，单相隔离谐振电路3包括3个交流输出端，单相隔离谐振电路3的1个交流输出端与单相-多相变换电路4的交流输入端相连，单相-多相变换电路4的交流输出端与交流负载相连，单相隔离谐振电路3的另外2个交流输出端分别与2个单相整流电路5的交流输入端相连，单相整流电路5的直流输出端与直流负载相连。
单相隔离谐振电路3包括运动变压器、输入谐振电容器和3个输出谐振电容器；运动变压器包括1个初级线圈、3个次级线圈和1个磁芯；1个初级线圈和3个次级线圈通过磁芯耦合，初级线圈和次级线圈之间相对运动；输入谐振电容器与初级线圈串联，每个次级线圈与一个输出谐振电容器串联。
单相-多相变换电路4为单相-三相变换电路，包括6组功率半导体交流开关和3个滤波电容器；单相隔离谐振电路的的一个交流输出端的每端都与3个功率半导体交流开关的一端相连接，6组功率半导体交流开关的另一端两两连接在一起后与三相负载相连接。3个滤波电容器的一端连接在一起，另一端分别连接在三相负载上。
每组功率半导体交流开关都由两个金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOSFET反向串联构成。图1中7为三相交流电机。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。

Claims (7)

1.一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，包括可控整流电路(1)、单相高频逆变电路(2)、单相隔离谐振电路(3)、i个单相-多相变换电路(4)和j个单相整流电路(5)，i、j均为正整数；
交流电源(6)的输出端与可控整流电路(1)的交流输入端相连，可控整流电路(1)的直流输出端与单相高频逆变电路(2)的直流输入端相连，单相高频逆变电路(2)的交流输出端与单相隔离谐振电路(3)的交流输入端相连，单相隔离谐振电路(3)包括i+j个交流输出端，单相隔离谐振电路(3)的i个交流输出端分别与i个单相-多相变换电路(4)的交流输入端相连，每个单相-多相变换电路(4)的交流输出端与交流负载相连，单相隔离谐振电路(3)的j个交流输出端分别与j个单相整流电路(5)的交流输入端相连，每个单相整流电路(5)的直流输出端与直流负载相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述可控整流电路(1)为单相可控整流电路或多相可控整流电路；
每相可控整流电路(1)包括电感、可控整流器和滤波电容器；
交流电源(6)的输出端与可控整流器的交流输入端通过电感相连，可控整流器的直流输出端并联滤波电容器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述单相高频逆变电路(2)为全桥逆变电路。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述单相隔离谐振电路(3)包括运动变压器、输入谐振电容器和i+j个输出谐振电容器；
运动变压器包括1个初级线圈、i+j个次级线圈和磁芯；
1个初级线圈和i+j个次级线圈通过磁芯耦合，初级线圈和次级线圈相对运动；
输入谐振电容器与初级线圈串联，组成串联支路一，该串联支路一的两端为单相隔离谐振电路(3)的交流输入端，每个次级线圈与一个输出谐振电容器串联，组成串联支路二，该串联支路二的两端为单相隔离谐振电路(3)的一个交流输出端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述磁芯为1至i+j个；
当磁芯为1个时，1个初级线圈和i+j个次级线圈共同绕制在一个磁芯上；当磁芯为多个时，1个初级线圈绕制在一个磁芯上，i+j个次级线圈分别绕制在其它的磁芯上；绕制初级线圈的磁芯为静止磁芯，绕制次级线圈的磁芯为运行磁芯。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述单相-多相变换电路(4)包括2m组功率半导体交流开关和m个滤波电容器，m为负载的相数；
串联支路二的每端分别同时与m组功率半导体交流开关的一端相连，2m组功率半导体交流开关的另一端两两相连后分别与m相负载相连，且该两两相连的功率半导体交流开关取自与串联支路二不同端相连的功率半导体交流开关；m个滤波电容器的一端相连，m个滤波电容器的另一端分别与m相负载相连。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种非接触电能传输谐振式功率变换器，其特征在于，所述功率半导体交流开关采用两个反向串联的金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管或两个反向并联的反向阻断型绝缘栅双极型晶体管实现。
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