CN106908587B - Soil arch effect model test device and test method - Google Patents
Soil arch effect model test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106908587B CN106908587B CN201710313031.6A CN201710313031A CN106908587B CN 106908587 B CN106908587 B CN 106908587B CN 201710313031 A CN201710313031 A CN 201710313031A CN 106908587 B CN106908587 B CN 106908587B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil arch effect model test device and a test method, wherein the device comprises a bracket, a model box is supported on the bracket, the upper part of the model box is opened, a movable first bottom plate and a movable second bottom plate are arranged at the bottom of the model box, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are supported on the bracket, and a material supporting plate is arranged between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate; the bottoms of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are respectively fixed with a rotatable pressing plate, and when the pressing plates rotate to a working position, the pressing plates are contacted with the material supporting plate and support the material supporting plate; when the pressing plate rotates to the non-working position, the pressing plate is separated from the material supporting plate, and the material supporting plate falls off. And rotating the pressing plate to a non-working position, dropping the material supporting plate, redistributing soil stress in the model box, observing the shape of the soil arch, and analyzing the soil arch effect. The space between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate can be changed, and the size of the material supporting plate is changed, so that the influence of different opening sizes on the soil stress in the model box can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil arch effect exploration tests, relates to a novel device structure and a novel connection form, and in particular relates to a soil arch effect model test device and a soil arch effect model test method, which have important theoretical and practical values for improving the knowledge level of a slope reinforcement action mechanism, analyzing the stress transfer rule between piles and soil, determining the pile-soil interaction mode and the like.
Background
The earth arch effect caused by the supporting structure is the most critical problem in underground engineering, and the earth arch effect is widely used in underground engineering, such as tunnel excavation, foundation pit supporting and other engineering. It is essentially a phenomenon of stress transfer. The stress transfer is realized by exerting shear strength due to the uneven deformation of the soil body under the action of external force.
At present, the soil arch effect has a non-negligible effect on the soil stress transfer rule, so reinforcement technologies such as pile-supported embankment, sheet pile wall, anti-slide piles, anchor piles and the like are developed and researched. In the conventional pile-supported embankment design method, the limit capacity of the soil arch effect of embankment filling is firstly determined, and then the tensile force required to be born by the reinforced material is determined according to the load acting on the top surface of the reinforced material, and the reinforced material is selected. The pile plate wall back side has great difference in load applied to the pile back side and the baffle back side due to the occurrence of the soil arch effect, and the soil arch effect has obvious influence on the mode of soil pressure transmission on the pile plate wall back side. The existence of the soil arch changes the original stress state in the soil body of the slide-resistant pile, causes stress redistribution and transmits the pressure acting on the soil arch to the surrounding stable soil layer. Most of the soil pressure after the pile structure of the anchor pile is directly transmitted to the anchor head through the space soil arch formed by the uneven deformation of the soil body, and the rest soil pressure is transmitted to the anchor head through the pile structure. The characteristics of fully researching the action mechanism of the soil arch effect and fully utilizing the stress redistribution of the soil arch effect become a main research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a novel soil arch effect model test device and a novel soil arch effect model test method, perfect the existing indoor test for exploring the soil arch effect, explore the soil arch effect principle by using the device for indoor test, and provide a certain theoretical basis for engineering practice.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the soil arch effect model test device comprises a support, a model box is supported on the support, the upper part of the model box is opened, a movable first bottom plate and a movable second bottom plate are arranged at the bottom of the model box, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are supported on the support, and a material supporting plate is arranged between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate; the bottoms of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are respectively fixed with a rotatable pressing plate, and when the pressing plates rotate to a working position, the pressing plates are contacted with the material supporting plate and support the material supporting plate; when the pressing plate rotates to the non-working position, the pressing plate is separated from the material supporting plate, and the material supporting plate falls off.
The model box further comprises a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate which are perpendicular to the first bottom plate, the first side plate is opposite to the second side plate, the third side plate is opposite to the fourth side plate, and the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate and the fourth side plate enclose a box body.
The third side plate and the fourth side plate are fixedly connected with the first side plate, and the third side plate and the fourth side plate are fixedly connected with the second side plate.
The bottoms of the first side plate and the second side plate are fixed on the bracket through the first connecting piece. In order to prevent the model box from toppling over.
The first side plate is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes at the matching position with the first bottom plate, the first bottom plate is provided with a second connecting hole, and the first connecting holes are connected with the second connecting holes through second connecting pieces.
Preferably, the second connecting hole is a slotted hole.
The first side plate is provided with a plurality of third connecting holes at the matching position with the second bottom plate, the second bottom plate is provided with a fourth connecting hole, and the third connecting holes are connected with the fourth connecting holes through third connecting pieces.
Preferably, the fourth connecting hole is a oblong hole.
The second side plate is provided with a plurality of fifth connecting holes at the matching position with the first bottom plate, the first bottom plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the fifth connecting holes and the sixth connecting holes are connected through a fourth connecting piece.
Preferably, the sixth connecting hole is a oblong hole.
The second side plate is provided with a plurality of seventh connecting holes at the matching position with the second bottom plate, the second bottom plate is provided with an eighth connecting hole, and the seventh connecting hole and the eighth connecting hole are connected through a fifth connecting piece.
Preferably, the eighth connecting hole is a oblong hole.
The upper surface of the first bottom plate is flush with the lower surface of the third side plate, and the lower surface of the first bottom plate is flush with the lower surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate.
The upper surface of the second bottom plate is flush with the lower surface of the fourth side plate, and the lower surface of the second bottom plate is flush with the lower surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate.
Preferably, the top of the bracket is fixed with a first top plate and a second top plate, the first bottom plate is supported on the first top plate, and the second bottom plate is supported on the second top plate.
The distance between the first top plate and the second top plate is larger than the distance between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate.
The material supporting plate is formed by splicing at least one material supporting plate with a basic size.
The test method of the soil arch effect model test device comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing soil according to the set water content, and standing for a set time after mixing;
step 2: pulling the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate apart by a set distance, placing a material supporting plate with a set size between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and rotating the pressing plate to be in contact with the material supporting plate;
step 3: embedding soil pressure sensors in the model box at set intervals, and filling the mixed soil into the model box according to a set compaction degree in multiple layers;
step 4: rotating the pressing plate to be separated from the material supporting plate, dropping the material supporting plate, redistributing the internal force of the soil body, and monitoring the change condition of the soil pressure;
step 5: and (4) replacing the size of the material supporting plate, and repeating the steps 1-4 to finish the test.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
after the movable first bottom plate and the movable second bottom plate move to the specified distance, splicing the material supporting plates corresponding to the distance between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, rotating the pressing plates to a working position to support the material supporting plates through elastic screws, filling the pre-configured soil samples into the model boxes in 3 layers according to a certain compactness, loosening bolts on the bottom pressing plates after the filling of the samples is completed, rotating the pressing plates by 90 degrees, dropping the material supporting plates, redistributing soil stress, and testing the change of soil pressure through the soil pressure boxes.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a novel device structure for exploring the soil arch effect and a use method thereof, which can be used for exploring the soil arch effect of different soil bodies, overcomes the defect of the existing indoor test exploration of the soil arch effect and can provide a new thought for exploring the soil arch effect.
2. The model is convenient to process, easy to detach and carry and capable of being reused.
3. The invention realizes the exploration of soil body 'soil arch effect' with different intervals by only moving the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, saves materials and is easy to reform the model groove. The material supporting plate can be formed by splicing the material supporting plates of the basic size according to the requirement, the material supporting plate of each size does not need to be produced, the production is convenient, the material supporting plate can be repeatedly used, and the material is saved.
4. According to the invention, the pressing plate is rotated to a non-working position, the material supporting plate falls, and the soil stress in the model box is newly distributed, so that the soil arch shape is observed, and the soil arch effect is analyzed. The space between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate can be changed, and the size of the material supporting plate is changed, so that the influence of different opening sizes on the soil stress in the model box can be simulated.
5. The connection positions of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate of the model box and the first side plate and the second side plate can be adjusted, so that the distance between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate can meet the requirement, and long round holes are arranged for connection, so that fine adjustment can be performed.
6. According to the invention, the upper parts of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are flush with the bottoms of the third side plate and the fourth side plate, and the lower parts of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are flush with the lower parts of the first side plate and the second side plate, so that the integrity of the model box can be ensured, and soil in the model box can not fall out from the gaps of the bottom plate and the side plates.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a 25 cm bottom plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a 20 cm bottom plate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a 15cm bottom plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a 10cm spacing floor of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the fit between two base size trays;
FIG. 7 is a left side schematic view;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a front side panel;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the base plate and the platen;
in the figure, 1, a bracket, 2, a bottom plate, 3, a front side plate, 4, a left side plate, 5, bolt holes, 6, a rear side plate, 7, angle steel, 8, a right side plate, 9, 25 cm material supporting plates, 10, positioning bolt holes, 11, 20 cm material supporting plates, 12, 15cm material supporting plates, 13, 10cm material supporting plates, 14, a basic size material supporting plate, 15, a first bottom plate, 16, a second bottom plate, 17, a pressing plate, 18, connecting holes, 19, a first top plate, 20 second top plates, 21 and drilling holes.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, a model device for exploring the "soil arch effect" comprises a bracket 1, a bottom plate 2, a front side plate 3 (i.e., a first side plate), a left side plate 4 (i.e., a third side plate), bolt holes 5, a rear side plate 6 (i.e., a second side plate), angle steel 7 (i.e., a first connecting piece), a right side plate 8 (i.e., a fourth side plate), a base size material supporting plate 14, and the like. The bottom plate 2, the front side plate 3, the left side plate 4, the rear side plate 6 and the right side plate 8 can be made of steel plates.
The front side plate 3, the left side plate 4, the rear side plate 6 and the right side plate 8 are all perpendicular to the bottom plate 2, and the front side plate 3, the left side plate 4, the rear side plate 6 and the right side plate 8 enclose a model box body. The whole test model is placed on the bracket 1, and the model box is mainly formed by splicing a left side plate 4, a right side plate 8, a front side plate 3, a rear side plate 6 and the like through bolts.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the side walls of the left side plate 4 and the right side plate 8 are provided with drilled holes, the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6 are provided with bolt holes 5, the left side plate 4 and the right side plate 8 are arranged between the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6, and the left side plate 4 and the right side plate 8 are fixedly connected with the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6 by penetrating bolts into the bolt holes 5. The connection of the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6 with the left side plate 4 and the right side plate 8 is achieved by tightening bolts on the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6.
In order to prevent the whole model from toppling over, the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6 are clamped on the bracket 1 through angle steel 7.
The top of the bracket 1 is fixed with a first top plate 19 and a second top plate 20, the first bottom plate 15 is supported on the first top plate 19, and the second bottom plate 16 is supported on the second top plate 20. The angle 7 may be fixed to the first top plate 19 and the second top plate 20.
The spacing between the first top plate 19 and the second top plate 20 is greater than the spacing between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16.
As shown in fig. 2-8, the bottom plate of the mold device is formed by combining a bottom plate 2, a base size material supporting plate 14 and the like, the upper part of the mold box is opened, the bottom plate 2 at the bottom of the mold box is formed by a movable first bottom plate 15 and a movable second bottom plate 16, and a material supporting plate with a variable size, such as a 25 cm material supporting plate 9 or a 20 cm material supporting plate 11 or a 15cm material supporting plate 12 or a 10cm material supporting plate 13, is arranged between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16. The upper surface of the first bottom plate 15 is flush with the lower surface of the left side plate 4, and the lower surface of the first bottom plate 15 is flush with the lower surfaces of the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6. The upper surface of the second bottom plate 16 is flush with the lower surface of the right side plate 8, and the lower surface of the second bottom plate 16 is flush with the lower surfaces of the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6.
The rear side plate 6 and the front side plate 3 have the same structure, and the left side plate 4 and the right side plate 8 have the same structure. In fig. 8, connecting holes 18 are formed on two sides of the bottom of the front side plate 3, likewise, connecting holes 18 are formed on two sides of the bottom of the rear side plate 6, positioning bolt holes 10 (i.e., connecting holes) are formed on the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16, the positioning bolt holes 10 are oblong holes, the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 are connected with the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6 through the positioning bolt holes 10 and the connecting holes 18, and the positions of the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 can be changed through the connection of different connecting holes 18 and the positioning bolt holes 10 or the connection of different positions of the positioning bolt holes 10 and the connecting holes 18.
As shown in fig. 9, the bottoms of the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 are respectively fixed with a rotatable pressing plate 17, and when the pressing plates 17 rotate to the working position, the pressing plates are contacted with and support the material supporting plate; when the pressing plate 17 rotates to the non-working position, the pressing plate is separated from the material supporting plate, and the material supporting plate falls off. 4 clamp plates 17 are fixed on 2 bottom plates 2 through the little bolt, realize the rotation of clamp plate 17 through the elasticity bolt, when clamp plate 17 pivoted and preceding curb plate 3 parallel, can support the different size hold in the palm the flitch, when clamp plate 17 rotated to with preceding curb plate 3 perpendicular, hold in the palm the flitch and fall down, inside soil body stress from new distribution, observe soil arch shape from this, analysis soil arch effect.
The minimum distance between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 is 10cm, at this time, the 10cm material supporting plate 13 is fixed between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 by using the pressing plate 17, and the splicing of the test model device with the distance of 10cm is completed; the bolts on the positioning bolt holes 10 are loosened, the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 are respectively moved outwards by 2.5 cm, the bolts are screwed, the distance between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 is 15cm, and then the 15cm material supporting plate 12 is clamped between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 through the pressing plate 17, so that the splicing of the test model device with the distance of 15cm can be completed. And the test devices with the spacing of 20 cm and the spacing of 25 cm are spliced by analogy.
As shown in fig. 3-6, the different-size material supporting plates are formed by splicing at least one material supporting plate 14 with a basic size, and in order to ensure the integrity of the material supporting plates, the side walls of the material supporting plates are provided with drilled holes 21, so that the butt joint of the two material supporting plates 14 with the basic size is realized through one bolt. In this embodiment, two sizes of base size trays 14 are provided, wherein the left side of fig. 6 is a 5cm base size tray 14, and the right side is a 10cm base size tray 14. In order to ensure the integrity, the spliced parts are connected by adopting built-in screws.
The 15cm material supporting plate 12 is formed by butting a 10cm base size material supporting plate 14 and a 5cm base size material supporting plate 14; the 20 cm material supporting plate 11 is completed by butting 2 10cm base size material supporting plates 14; the 25 cm tray 9 is completed by 2 10cm base size trays 14 and 15cm base size tray 14. The material supporting plates are spliced through 1 material supporting plate 14 with the basic size of 5cm and 2 material supporting plates with the basic size of 10cm, and 4 material supporting plates with the basic size of 10cm, 15cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and the like are installed, so that materials are saved.
The method for exploring and testing the soil arch effect comprises the following specific steps:
1) Mixing soil according to a certain water content, and standing in a barrel for 1 day after mixing;
2) Loosening bolts connecting the pressing plate 17 with the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16, rotating the pressing plate 17 to be parallel to the front side plate 3, tightening the bolts, and placing the 10cm material supporting plate 13 at the gap between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16;
3) The soil pressure boxes are embedded on the bottom plate 2 at certain intervals;
4) Filling the mixed soil body into a model box in 3 layers, and carrying out napping treatment on the contact surface of each layer so as to ensure that the stress of the soil body is uniform;
5) Loosening a bolt of the pressing plate 17, rotating for 90 degrees, dropping a material supporting plate at the moment, redistributing the internal force of the soil body, and observing the change of the strain value on a computer; and observing whether the soil body between the gaps has an arch effect or not, and completing the test process when the gaps are 10 cm.
6) Taking out soil from the model box, loosening bolts of the front side plate 3 and the rear side plate 6, the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16, moving the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16 outwards for 2.5 cm, splicing the 10cm base size material supporting plate 14 and the 5cm base size material supporting plate 14 to form a 15cm material supporting plate 12, putting the 15cm material supporting plate 12 between the first bottom plate 15 and the second bottom plate 16, and repeating the steps of 1, 3, 4, 5 and the like; the test procedure was completed at a gap of 15 cm.
7) Step 6, completing a 20 cm gap and 25 cm gap test in sequence; the influence of different opening sizes on soil stress can be simulated.
8) The data is collated and processed.
Examples:
after passing through 5mm sieve holes, clay is uniformly mixed and placed in a sealed barrel, and after standing for 1 day, soil with optimal water content of 18.1% is configured in the barrel, and the clay is placed in the sealed barrel for standing for 1 day; the distance between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate is adjusted to 20 cm, then 2 10cm material supporting plates are spliced by screws, and the material supporting plates are clamped between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate by pressing plates; filling according to 80% of 3 layers, and carrying out napping treatment between contact surfaces; after filling is completed, loosening bolts on the pressing plate, dragging the material supporting plate to enable the material supporting plate to slowly fall, and reading the numerical value on the soil pressure box after the indication of the soil pressure box is stable.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The soil arch effect model test device is characterized by comprising a bracket, wherein a model box is supported on the bracket, the upper part of the model box is opened, a movable first bottom plate and a movable second bottom plate are arranged at the bottom of the model box, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are supported on the bracket, and a material supporting plate is arranged between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate; the bottoms of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are respectively fixed with a rotatable pressing plate, and when the pressing plates rotate to a working position, the pressing plates are contacted with the material supporting plate and support the material supporting plate; when the pressing plate rotates to the non-working position, the pressing plate is separated from the material supporting plate, and the material supporting plate falls off;
the model box further comprises a first side plate, a second side plate, a third side plate and a fourth side plate which are perpendicular to the first bottom plate, wherein the first side plate is opposite to the second side plate, the third side plate is opposite to the fourth side plate, and the first side plate, the second side plate, the third side plate and the fourth side plate enclose a box body;
the top of the bracket is fixed with a first top plate and a second top plate, the first bottom plate is supported on the first top plate, and the second bottom plate is supported on the second top plate; the distance between the first top plate and the second top plate is larger than the distance between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate;
the material supporting plate is formed by splicing at least one material supporting plate with a basic size.
2. The test device of claim 1, wherein the third side plate and the fourth side plate are fixedly connected to the first side plate, and the third side plate and the fourth side plate are fixedly connected to the second side plate; the bottoms of the first side plate and the second side plate are fixed on the bracket through the first connecting piece.
3. The test device of claim 1, wherein the first side plate is provided with a plurality of first connecting holes at the position matched with the first bottom plate, the first bottom plate is provided with a second connecting hole, and the first connecting holes are connected with the second connecting holes through second connecting pieces; the second connecting hole is a slotted hole.
4. The test device of claim 1, wherein the first side plate is provided with a plurality of third connecting holes at the position matched with the second bottom plate, the second bottom plate is provided with a fourth connecting hole, and the third connecting holes are connected with the fourth connecting holes through third connecting pieces; the fourth connecting hole is a slotted hole.
5. The test device of claim 1, wherein the second side plate is provided with a plurality of fifth connecting holes at the position matched with the first bottom plate, the first bottom plate is provided with a sixth connecting hole, and the fifth connecting holes are connected with the sixth connecting holes through fourth connecting pieces; the sixth connecting hole is a slotted hole.
6. The test device of claim 1, wherein the second side plate is provided with a plurality of seventh connecting holes at the position matched with the second bottom plate, the second bottom plate is provided with an eighth connecting hole, and the seventh connecting hole and the eighth connecting hole are connected through a fifth connecting piece; the eighth connecting hole is a slotted hole.
7. The test device of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the first bottom plate is flush with the lower surface of the third side plate, and the lower surface of the first bottom plate is flush with the lower surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate;
the upper surface of the second bottom plate is flush with the lower surface of the fourth side plate, and the lower surface of the second bottom plate is flush with the lower surfaces of the first side plate and the second side plate.
8. The test method of the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: mixing soil according to the set water content, and standing for a set time after mixing;
step 2: pulling the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate apart by a set distance, placing a material supporting plate with a set size between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and rotating the pressing plate to be in contact with the material supporting plate;
step 3: embedding soil pressure sensors in the model box at set intervals, and filling the mixed soil into the model box according to a set compaction degree in multiple layers;
step 4: rotating the pressing plate to be separated from the material supporting plate, dropping the material supporting plate, redistributing the internal force of the soil body, and monitoring the change condition of the soil pressure;
step 5: and (4) replacing the size of the material supporting plate, and repeating the steps 1-4 to finish the test.
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| CN107389543A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-11-24 | 山东大学 | Actively and under Passive deformation pattern anchor barricade dodge gate experimental rig and method |
| CN107328710B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2023-07-07 | 山东大学 | Soil arch effect exploration test device and test method in passive deformation mode |
| CN108845102B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-09-08 | 东华理工大学 | Model test box based on inter-pile soil arch effect of foundation pile and side slope slide-resistant pile |
| CN109030781A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 山东建筑大学 | Friction pile soil arching effect evolution mechanism visible model testing device and test method |
| CN110258661A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-20 | 山东建筑大学 | Friction pile soil arching effect ultimate bearing force test method and device |
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