CN106906424B - Component with reduced repeated magnetization loss and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents
Component with reduced repeated magnetization loss and method for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN106906424B CN106906424B CN201610843677.0A CN201610843677A CN106906424B CN 106906424 B CN106906424 B CN 106906424B CN 201610843677 A CN201610843677 A CN 201610843677A CN 106906424 B CN106906424 B CN 106906424B
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- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100116283 Arabidopsis thaliana DD11 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co] QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
- H01F1/14775—Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
- H01F7/0215—Flexible forms, sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a component made of a starting material (1) and a coating, the repeated magnetization loss of which is reduced. Coercive field strength H of the raw materialcLess than 20A/cm and containing 49-99.97 wt.% iron, 0-7 wt.% silicon, 0-20 wt.% chromium and 0-50 wt.% cobalt. In addition, the raw material (1) contains 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of carbon and 0 to 5% by weight of other elements. The raw material (1) is coated with a coating (2) containing 0-90% by weight of iron, 0-90% by weight of silicon, 0-100% by weight of chromium, 0-100% by weight of phosphorus, 0-100% by weight of molybdenum, 0-100% by weight of tungsten, 0-100% by weight of titanium, 0-100% by weight of nickel, 0-100% by weight of cobalt, 0-100% by weight of sulfur and 0-5% by weight of other elements. The sum of the components in the starting material (1) and in the modified powder (2) is 100% by weight, respectively. The coating (2) is applied in particular in the form of a modified powder. The coated raw material is heat-treated to obtain the part of the present invention in which the repeated magnetization loss is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for producing a component whose repeated magnetization losses (loss reduction) are reduced, and to a component whose repeated magnetization losses can be reduced, which can be produced by means of said method.
Background
Electrical steel sheets are typically composed of an iron silicon alloy and are manufactured by a cold rolling process followed by annealing. When the steel sheet is used in an electric machine, the sheet has a large influence on iron loss due to electric resistance. The resistance is determined primarily by the silicon or aluminum content of the alloy. The silicon content in standard electrical steel sheet is at most 3.5 wt.% silicon. Which corresponds to a specific resistance of about 0.45 μ Ω m.
Since a steel sheet having a silicon content of more than 4 wt% is brittle and cannot be cold-formed, it is not used as an electrical steel sheet in spite of its high electrical resistance. However, the iron-silicon strip with a silicon content of about 3.0 wt.% can be modified by means of gas separation and heat treatment to increase the silicon content to at most 6.5 wt.%. As a result, a significantly higher specific resistance of about 0.8 μ Ω m is achieved. But this in turn leads to reduced magnetic saturation.
In order to make the electrical steel sheet have soft magnetic characteristics (i.e. coercive field strength H)cLess than 10A/cm) and has a small iron loss especially at low frequencies, the electrical steel sheet being manufactured from a carbon-depleted iron-based alloy containing Si or Al components. This provides the electrical steel sheet with uniform electrical resistance. Another very low cost iron-based steel sheet with a high carbon content has a low electrical resistance. It also has poor soft magnetic properties as indicated by a high coercive field strength due to the uniform carbon content in the steel sheet. Therefore, such iron-based steel sheets are used only in low-cost motors having low efficiency requirements.
Non-sheet-like solid components, such as the rotor of a claw-pole generator, need to have a high electrical resistance and excellent soft magnetic properties, which can be achieved, for example, by using high alloy steels based on carbon-depleted iron-based alloys. On the other hand, high iron losses during operation can lead to high-frequency alternating field components occurring in particular at high rotational speeds, which generate eddy currents in the rotor material, which can lead to local heating.
Disclosure of Invention
The method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a component, in particular soft magnetic, which reduces its repeated magnetization losses ("loss reduction"), for use in actuators, in soft magnetic rotors or stators of electrical machines, as electrical sheet steel or in sensors. The manufacture is based on the coercive field strength HcStarting from a part made of a starting material of less than 20A/cmIn particular from the coercive field strength HcParts made of soft magnetic raw material of less than 10A/cm were started. The raw material provided contains 49-99.97 wt.% iron, 0-7 wt.% silicon, 0-20 wt.% chromium and 0-50 wt.% cobalt. Therefore, both the blunt iron material and the iron-cobalt material are suitable as raw materials. The starting material also contains 0.03 to 2.00% by weight of carbon, preferably 0.06 to 2.00% by weight of carbon, particularly preferably 0.06 to 1.00% by weight of carbon. Therefore, it is a low cost carbon rich raw material. The raw material may contain 0-5 wt.% of other elements. These elements are chosen in particular from manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, sulphur and phosphorus and therefore from those elements which are usually associated with iron. The sum of these components in the starting material is 100% by weight.
The components made from this raw material, in particular the modified powder, are coated with a coating. The coating contains 0-90 wt.% iron, 0-90 wt.% silicon, 0-100 wt.% chromium, 0-100 wt.% phosphorus, 0-100 wt.% molybdenum, 0-100 wt.% tungsten, 0-100 wt.% titanium, 0-100 wt.% nickel, 0-100 wt.% cobalt, 0-100 wt.% sulfur, and 0-5 wt.% other elements. Preferably, it contains 0-90% by weight of iron, 0-90% by weight of silicon, 0-100% by weight of chromium, 0-20% by weight of phosphorus and 0-5% by weight of other elements. The other elements are in particular selected from other elements such as those in the raw materials. The sum of these constituents in the modified powder is 100% by weight.
The coated part is heat treated to obtain the reduced loss material of the present invention. Here, the elements of the modified powder and the raw material are interdiffused with each other. By increasing the silicon, chromium, phosphorus, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, nickel, cobalt or sulfur content, the electrical resistance of the entire raw material is increased, which reduces its repeated magnetization losses. While reducing the solubility of carbon in the raw materials. The carbon is preferably precipitated as iron carbide at grain boundaries of the raw material, for example as cementite which appears as pearlite in the structure as part. For this reason, the raw material still does not have to have a carbide microstructure. However, it is also possible to use a starting material which already has a microstructured, for example carbide, fine structure in the process and then modify it again in the process. The carbon content of the raw material can be reduced by this method within certain limits to the carbon content of a high-quality carbon-poor material, whereby better soft magnetic properties of the material are obtained. In particular, the loss characteristics are improved by forming a carbon microstructure that locally increases the electrical resistance in the material. Thereby suppressing eddy currents with a large range of action and significantly reducing iron losses. If the loss reduced component is a steel sheet, the carbon microstructure significantly improves mechanical properties such as yield point compared to the starting material.
If the raw material of the treated component is a pure iron material, it is preferred that it has a silicon content of at most 4 wt.%. The starting material therefore has a high ductility in the first place, which simplifies the processing. If ductility is no longer required, the modification of the material of the component according to the invention, which may be embrittled by increasing the silicon content, can be carried out immediately after the processing of the raw material, compared to the raw material.
The component preferably still has no carbide enrichment at the grain boundaries of the raw material. This carbide enrichment is typically formed during solidification, which results in additional carbide precipitation in addition to carbide enrichment at grain boundaries. However, these additional carbide precipitates can detract from the soft magnetic properties of the raw material.
In order to allow easy coating of the component with the modified powder, the number-average particle size of the modified powder is preferably 1 to 400 μm, particularly preferably 1 to 200 μm. Coating of the component with the modifying powder can be carried out using conventional coating methods such as wipe-on stamping, suspension dipping, flame galvanizing or flame metallization. If the part is in sheet form, a continuous dipping process is preferred to achieve continuous coating.
The modified powder preferably has a eutectic composition so that its elements can diffuse particularly easily into the component.
The heat treatment of the component is preferably carried out at a temperature below the melting point of the raw material and above the melting point of the coating. By wetting the surface of the component with the molten coating, the elements of the coating can be made particularly easy to diffuse into the raw material. As long as the heat treatment temperature is kept below the melting point of the raw material at this time, it is ensured that the part is not deformed at the time of heat treatment.
The component whose repeated magnetization losses are reduced by means of this method has a loss reduction of at least 10%, in particular in the frequency range of 100-1000Hz, at least in the range of 20-90% of the material saturation, compared with the starting material.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in detail below.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the metallographic structure of the DD11 steel structure according to DIN EN 10111.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the diffusion of elements of the modified powder into the raw material in one embodiment of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates a metallographically polished surface of the microstructure of a component of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional schematic of a reduced-loss material of a component of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates a frequency-dependent relative loss gain plot for a component made from the loss-reducing material of one embodiment of the present invention as compared to the raw material.
Fig. 6 shows a pearlitic structure produced by the method of the invention, occurring in one embodiment of the component of the invention.
Detailed Description
In a first embodiment of the inventive method, a rotor of a claw-pole generator is manufactured. The rotor is made of a standard DINEN10111 low-alloy iron-based material DD 11-steel containing > 99 wt.% iron and about 0.06 wt.% carbon and < 1 wt.% other impurities. Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary metallographic polished surface. The rotor was coated with the modified powder in a suspension dip process. The modified powder consisted of particles containing 80 wt.% iron and 20 wt.% silicon. The number average particle size of the particles was 73 μm and the melting point was 1172 ℃. The coated rotor was heat treated at 1200 ℃. As shown in fig. 2, the rotor having the structure shown in fig. 1 contains carbon C dissolved in iron Fe thereof. If the elements of the coating 2 diffuse into the rotor, the solubility of carbon in the raw material 1 is reduced, andthe loss gain △ P of the rotor made of loss reducing material compared to the raw material 1 is measured at magnetic flux densities B of 0.5T, 1T and 1.5T and is shown in FIG. 5 as a relative gain versus frequency, in particular shows a significant loss gain at high frequencies and low flux densities of 0.5T, the carbide precipitates shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 can be seen in the polished surface of the rotor by means of an optical microscope, and can be confirmed as containing Fe and Fe by means of a scanning electron microscope3C is a cementite or pearlite structure of the flake.
In a second embodiment of the method of the present invention, an electrical steel sheet is provided which is made of 2 wt.% silicon and 0.1 wt.% carbon with the balance being iron and minor impurities (less than 1%). The steel sheet was coated with the same modified powder as used in the first example of the present invention in a continuous dipping method. Followed by heat treatment at 1200 ℃. The modified electrical steel sheet thus obtained has significant loss gain, improved mechanical properties, in particular a higher yield point, and excellent soft magnetic properties compared to its raw material.
Claims (13)
1. Method for manufacturing a component with reduced repeated magnetization losses for use in an actuator, in a soft magnetic rotor or stator of an electrical machine, as electrical steel sheet or in a sensor, comprising the following steps:
providing a magnetic field strength HcLess than 20A/cm and having the following composition of raw material (1):
49-99.97% by weight of iron,
0.03 to 2.00% by weight of carbon,
0-7% by weight of silicon,
0-20% by weight of chromium,
0-50% by weight of cobalt,
0-5% by weight of other elements normally present in association with iron,
wherein the sum of the ingredients is 100% by weight,
-applying a coating (2) having the following composition on the component:
0-90% by weight of iron,
0-90% by weight of silicon,
0-100% by weight of chromium,
0 to 100% by weight of phosphorus,
0-100% by weight of molybdenum,
0-100% by weight of tungsten,
0-100% by weight of titanium,
0-100% by weight of nickel,
0-100% by weight of cobalt,
0-100% by weight of sulphur,
0-5% by weight of other elements normally present in association with iron,
wherein the sum of the components is 100% by weight, and
-heat treating the coated part, thereby obtaining a part (3) having reduced repeated magnetization losses thereof, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature below the melting point of the raw material (1) and above the melting point of the coating (2).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting material (1) contains silicon in an amount of at most 4% by weight.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material (1) contains a minimum of 0.06 wt.% carbon.
4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the coercive field strength H of the starting material (1) iscLess than 10A/cm.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the coating (2) has the following composition:
0-90% by weight of iron,
0-90% by weight of silicon,
0-100% by weight of chromium,
0-20% by weight of phosphorus,
0-5% by weight of other elements normally present in association with iron,
wherein the sum of the ingredients is 100 wt%.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the coating is performed with the aid of a modified powder having a number average particle size of 1-400 μm.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the number average particle size of the modified powder is 1-200 μm.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the coating (2) has a eutectic composition.
9. Component (3) with reduced repeated magnetization losses, producible by means of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Component (3) with reduced repeated magnetization losses according to claim 9, characterized in that it has a carbide microstructure containing carbides at the grain boundaries.
11. A component (3) having reduced repeated magnetization losses according to claim 10, characterized in that the carbide microstructure is a cementite structure.
12. The component (3) having reduced repeated magnetization loss according to claim 11, characterized in that the cementite structural portion exists in a pearlite-structure.
13. A component (3) for reducing the repeated magnetization losses according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that it has a loss reduction of at least 10% in the range of at least 20 to 90% of the material saturation and in the frequency range of 100-1000Hz compared to the starting material (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015218439.0 | 2015-09-25 | ||
| DE102015218439.0A DE102015218439A1 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2015-09-25 | In its core losses reduced part and process for its preparation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106906424A CN106906424A (en) | 2017-06-30 |
| CN106906424B true CN106906424B (en) | 2020-03-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610843677.0A Active CN106906424B (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2016-09-23 | Component with reduced repeated magnetization loss and method for manufacturing same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6881927B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106906424B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102015218439A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106906424A (en) | 2017-06-30 |
| JP2017095795A (en) | 2017-06-01 |
| DE102015218439A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| JP6881927B2 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
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