CN106906384A - A kind of aluminium alloy and its preparation technology and application - Google Patents
A kind of aluminium alloy and its preparation technology and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106906384A CN106906384A CN201710113629.0A CN201710113629A CN106906384A CN 106906384 A CN106906384 A CN 106906384A CN 201710113629 A CN201710113629 A CN 201710113629A CN 106906384 A CN106906384 A CN 106906384A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/005—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material characterised by the material
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aluminium alloy and its preparation technology and application.The chemical composition mass percentage content of the alloy is：Si 0.6 1.2%, Mg 0.4 0.8%, Mn 0.4 0.8%, Ti 1 3%, B 0.3 1.2%, Sc 0.05 0.3%, balance of Al.Preparation technology has including step：Get the raw materials ready, melting, refinement agent, plus intermediate alloy, composition adjustment, refining, cast and be used to the step of preparing U-shaped mining bracket：Extrusion forming, heat treatment, support processing, U-shaped mining bracket.Aluminium alloy of the invention is that, with high intensity, high-ductility and high tenacity, with preferable comprehensive mechanical performance, also good with friction spark safety, density is small, the advantages of corrosion-resistant.It is this aluminium alloy feature lightweight, high-strength, it is adaptable to the casting of mine working mining bracket.The U-shaped mining bracket of this aluminium alloy, density is small, and convenient working, support force is higher, and supporting intensity is big, is unlikely to deform, the standby mine U-shaped steel bracket of the alternative traditional U-shaped steel of the U-shaped support of aluminium alloy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of alloy material, more particularly to a kind of aluminium alloy and its preparation technology and application.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is most widely used class non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinery
Widely applied in manufacture, ship and chemical industry.Aluminium alloy density is low, but intensity is higher, and plasticity is good, can be processed into various
Section bar, with excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion stability, industrially widely uses, and usage amount is only second to steel.Some aluminium alloys
Good mechanical performance, physical property and corrosion resistance can be obtained using heat treatment.
In mine roadway support, U-shaped steel is widely used already as mine support material, particularly multiple in deep
In miscellaneous tunnel and weak seam tunnel.The connection of U-shaped steel bracket, is always to take directly overlap joint, when roadway surrounding rock is to press,
Make the overlap joint rapid displacement of grid leg and grid beam, spark is also easy to produce under the friction between grid beam and grid leg, to the safety belt of mine
To endanger, particularly highly gassy mine.Thus developed countries already enter to the safety problem that Steel material is applied in mine
Go research, but not yet obtain breakthrough so far.And the density of U-shaped steel bracket is larger, transport and difficulty of construction are big, and into
This height.
6351 aluminium alloys are intensity one kind higher in 6 series alloys, and the alloy of strength ratio 6061 is high, than 6082 alloys slightly
Low, such as 6351-T6 section bars requirement minimum tensile strength is 295Mpa, and extrusion forming is good.It is used for highway communication facility
Extrusion structure material is, it is necessary to strength of materials gas transmission high, oil transportation, aqueduct.But, its material mechanical performance can not still meet
The requirement of mining supports material.
The content of the invention
In view of the defect that above-mentioned prior art is present, it is an object of the invention to proposing a kind of aluminium alloy and its preparing work
Skill；The present invention also provides a kind of lightweight, the U-shaped mining bracket of high-strength aluminium alloy, not only with intensity higher, corrosion resistance,
Excellent impact flexibility and plasticity, and, density small advantage good with friction spark safety, alternative traditional U-shaped steel
Standby U-shaped mining bracket.
The purpose of the present invention will be achieved by the following technical programs：
A kind of aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that there is the chemical composition of the alloy mass percentage content to be：Si 0.6-
1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%, balance of Al and
Inevitable impurity.
A kind of preparation technology of aluminium alloy, comprises the following steps：
Get the raw materials ready → melting → refinement agent → add intermediate alloy → composition adjustment → refining → casting；
A, get the raw materials ready：
Prepare alloy raw material by weight percentage：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti 1-
The aluminium of 3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3% and al-ti-b refiner and surplus.
B, melting：
By in above alloy each component raw material input smelting furnace, heated crucible carries out melting, raw material in smelting furnace is all melted and is
Alloy solution；
C, addition fining agent
Al-ti-b refiner is added when alloy solution temperature reaches 740 DEG C or so in smelting furnace, strong stirring is until mixing
Uniformly；
D, respectively to adding Al-Si20 intermediate alloys, Al-Ti8-B3 intermediate alloys to close in the middle of Al-Sc5 in alloy solution
Stirring, to well mixed, makes each alloying component temperature reach temperature in 730 DEG C of -760 DEG C, and stove rapidly for gold, Al-Mn10 intermediate alloys
Degree reaches unanimity (temperature difference is no more than 20 DEG C)；
E, composition adjustment：
The component content of sampling detection alloy molten solution, the component content according to design is adjusted, until confirming each composition
Divide the component content for meeting design, the component content of the design is as follows：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-
0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%, balance of Al；
F, refining：Alloy molten solution after through composition adjustment adds 0.2% aluminum refining agent, with 99.99% nitrogen
Spray into, remove the gas and impurity in smelting furnace, remove alloy solution surface scum；
G, casting：Molten aluminium alloy after refining is stood into 30min in standing furnace, and the temperature in standing furnace is kept
Between 720 DEG C -740 DEG C；Then molten aluminium alloy is carried out into casting by casting machine, can be made into the forging of given size
Pole blank, in order to follow-up processing.
A kind of U-shaped mining bracket of the aluminium alloy casting, comprises the following steps：Extrusion forming → shearing → heat treatment →
Support processing → U-shaped mining bracket.
A, extrusion forming：In 1600-2000 tons of forcing press extrusion forming, embryo material is heated to 400-450 DEG C, at 1800 tons
Under pressure, with special U-shaped mould extrusion forming；
B, shearing：Aluminium cutting machine cutting grate beam and grid leg after shaping, grid beam forcing press die pressure is into arc
Shape；
C, heat treatment：T6 is heat-treated；
D, support processing and assembling：Finished, obtained the U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy, grid beam and grid leg are connected
Part is linked.The connector can be bolt.
Further, the heat treatment is that grid beam and grid leg material are loaded into solid solution furnace, 500-515 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, solid solution
Time 3-4.5 hours, then quench, it is desirable to by the running water of part 35-75 DEG C of water temperature of immersion in 10 seconds；Reinstall timeliness
Stove, 160-180 DEG C of furnace temperature is incubated 6 hours, natural cooling after coming out of the stove.
A kind of application of aluminium alloy in mining supports material is prepared, further, the aluminium alloy prepare it is U-shaped mining
Application in support.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention has following superiority：
The invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy, including following components：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-
0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%；The Al of surplus and inevitable impurity.0.3-1.2%'s
B can with Ti formed TiB2 improve degree of grain refinement, while improve preparation process in quenching degree, can make it is quenched after
Performance is greatly improved；The Sc of 0.05-0.3% has to aluminium alloy and prolongs pressure invigoration effect well, while improving the intensity of aluminium alloy；
The Ti energy crystal grain thinnings of 1-3%, significantly improve room temperature, elevated temperature strength and casting character.The aluminium alloy that the present invention is provided, with height
Intensity, high-ductility and high tenacity, with preferable comprehensive mechanical performance.And it is good with friction spark safety, density is small, corrosion resistant
The advantage of erosion, it is adaptable to the high intensity of all kinds of workpiece, support force high, on-deformable requirement.
The U-shaped mining bracket of the above-mentioned aluminium alloy casting that the present invention is provided, is likewise supplied with above advantage, and support force compared with
Height, supporting intensity is big, is unlikely to deform.Its tensile strength of mechanical property, elongation and Brinell hardness are close with U-shaped steel；Density is
The 1/3 of steel, density is small, and in underground, limited job space is convenient and laborsaving；Collision will not produce fire between the U-shaped support of aluminium alloy
Flower, constructs in inflammable and explosive environment and does not have potential safety hazard；The U-shaped support of aluminium alloy has corrosion resistance, will not get rusty, and makes
With safer, service life is longer；Recycle, convenient to reclaim, the rate of recovery is up to 99%, and recovery value is high, it is lightweight, high-strength
The standby mine U-shaped steel bracket of the alternative traditional U-shaped steel of the U-shaped support of aluminium alloy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1 grid beam, 2 grid legs, 3 bolts.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention not limited to this.
There is a kind of aluminium alloy, the chemical composition of the alloy mass percentage content to be：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg 0.4-
0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%, balance of Al are miscellaneous with inevitable
Matter.
Embodiment 1
Each raw material is prepared aluminium alloy by the composition according to the alloy of embodiment 1 in table 1.
Preparation process of aluminium alloy specific steps：Get the raw materials ready → melting → refinement agent → add intermediate alloy → composition adjustment → essence
Refining.
Detailed step is as follows：First prepare alloy raw material according to the composition of the aluminium alloy of embodiment 1 in table 1：The aluminium of embodiment 1 is closed
Golden each component raw material is put into smelting furnace, and melting furnace carries out melting, raw material in smelting furnace is all melted for aluminium alloy is molten
Liquid；Al-ti-b refiner (addition to titanium and boron component model are added when aluminium alloy solution temperature reaches 740 DEG C or so in smelting furnace
Enclose), strong stirring is until well mixed；Respectively to addition Al-Si20 intermediate alloys in aluminium alloy solution, in the middle of Al-Ti8-B3
Alloy, stirring, to well mixed, makes in each alloying component temperature and stove rapidly for Al-Sc5 intermediate alloys, Al-Mn10 intermediate alloys
Temperature reaches unanimity at 740-760 °；The component content of sampling detection alloy molten solution, the component content according to design is adjusted,
Until confirming that each component meets the component content (being shown in Table 1 embodiment 1) of design.Then the alloy molten solution after through composition adjustment
0.2% aluminum refining agent is added, gas and impurity in smelting furnace is removed, alloy solution surface scum is removed, after refined
Alloy molten solution the forging pole blank of given size is cast at 720 DEG C -740 DEG C, in order to follow-up processing.
The preparation technology of U-shaped mining bracket：The alloy material that will be prepared in 1600-2000 tons of forcing press extrusion forming,
Embryo material is heated to 400-450 DEG C, under 1800 tons of pressure, with special U-shaped mould extrusion forming；Aluminium cutting after shaping
Machine cutting obtains grid beam and grid leg, grid beam forcing press die pressure camber；It is heat-treated by T6 again, after shaping and will be cut
The material for cutting loads solid solution furnace, and 500-515 DEG C of solid solubility temperature solution time 3-4.5 hours, then quenched, it is desirable at 10 seconds
It is interior to immerse in the running water of 35-75 DEG C of water temperature part；Aging furnace is reinstalled, 160-180 DEG C of furnace temperature is incubated 6 hours, after coming out of the stove
Natural cooling；Finished, obtained the U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy, as shown in figure 1, grid beam 1 and grid leg 2 are connected with bolt 3
Assembling.
The aluminium alloy physical property that the present invention is obtained：Density is 2.76gcm-3.
Embodiment 2~3
Embodiment 2 and the component of embodiment 3 listed by table 1 is prepared aluminium alloy by the technical scheme according to embodiment 1
And its U-shaped mining bracket of product aluminium alloy.
The weight/mass percentage composition (wt%) of the composition of aluminium alloy and each component in the embodiment of the present invention of table 1
| Embodiment | Si | Mg | Mn | Ti | B | Sc | Al and inevitable impurity |
| 1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | Surplus |
| 2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | Surplus |
| 3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0.05 | Surplus |
| 6351 aluminium alloys | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | Fe CuAl surpluses |
The conventional mechanical property method of testing of the aluminium alloy that the present invention is obtained is as follows：
Tensile strength, yield strength (Proof strength of non-proportional), elongation specify according to GB/T228-2002 standards
Detection method；Elastic modelling quantity determines detection method according to GB/T8653-1988 standard gauges；Brinell hardness is according to GB/T 231.1-
2002 standard gauges determine detection method.
The aluminium alloy that the present invention will be obtained carries out mechanical property and forming property test, and as a result as shown in table 2, table 2 is this
The performance test results of the aluminium alloy that inventive embodiments are obtained.
The aluminium alloy finished product that to obtain of the present invention carries out friction spark safety experiment, with specific reference to step according to《GB/T
13813-2008 collieries metal material friction spark safety test method and decision rule》, it is qualified according to decision rule.
Aluminium alloy and the performance test results of comparative example that the embodiment of the present invention 1-3 of table 2 is obtained
As can be seen from Table 2, elastic modelling quantity, tensile strength, yield strength, the extensibility of the aluminium alloy that the present invention is provided
(elongation) and hardness performance are better than existing 6351 aluminium alloy, and close to U-shaped steel.While material mechanical performance is close to U-shaped steel,
Similar intensity, density is only 1/3 or so of U-shaped steel, therefore aluminium alloy specific strength is higher, can meet and replace U-shaped steel to make completely
It is the material of U-shaped mining bracket.
As seen from the above embodiment, the invention provides a kind of aluminium alloy, including following components：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg
0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%；The Al of surplus and inevitable
Impurity.In the present invention, the B of 0.3-1.2% can form TiB2 and improve degree of grain refinement with Ti, while improve preparing
Quenching degree in technical process, can make quenched rear performance be greatly improved；The Sc of 0.05-0.3% has to aluminium alloy and prolongs pressure well
Invigoration effect, improves the intensity of aluminium alloy；The Ti energy crystal grain thinnings of 1-3%, significantly improve room temperature, elevated temperature strength and castability
Can, while corrosion resistance can be improved；The Mg of 0.4-0.8%, its intensity that both can guarantee that the aluminium alloy for obtaining meets it again
As the requirement of the plasticity and corrosion resistance of U-shaped mining bracket material.Therefore, the aluminium alloy that the present invention is provided is with high-strength
Degree, high-ductility and high tenacity etc., with preferable comprehensive mechanical performance, also good with friction spark safety, density is small, corrosion resistant
The advantages of erosion.This aluminium alloy feature meets its condition as the material of U-shaped mining bracket, is completely suitable for mine working mining
The casting of support.The U-shaped mining bracket of this aluminium alloy, support force is higher, and supporting intensity is big, is unlikely to deform, alternative traditional U-shaped
The standby U-shaped steel sets of steel.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably implementation method, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, it is other it is any without departing from Spirit Essence of the invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aluminium alloy, it is characterised in that there is the chemical composition of the alloy mass percentage content to be：Si 0.6-
1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti 1-3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3%, balance of Al and
Inevitable impurity.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the alloy has mass percentage content
For：Si 0.6%, Mg 0.4%, Mn 0.4%, Ti 1.0%, B 0.3%, Sc0.3%, balance of Al and inevitably miscellaneous
Matter.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the alloy has mass percentage content
For：Si 0.8%, Mg 0.6%, Mn 0.5%, Ti 3.0%, B 0.8%, Sc0.2%, balance of Al and inevitably miscellaneous
Matter.
4. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the alloy has mass percentage content
For：Si 1.2%, Mg 0.8%, Mn 0.8%, Ti 2.5%, B 1.2%, Sc0.05%, balance of Al and inevitably
Impurity.
5. the preparation technology of the aluminium alloy any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that：
Comprise the following steps：
A, prepare alloy raw material by weight percentage：Si 0.6-1.2%, Mg 0.4-0.8%, Mn 0.4-0.8%, Ti1-
The aluminium of 3%, B 0.3-1.2%, Sc 0.05-0.3% and al-ti-b refiner and surplus；
B, will be during the alloy each component raw material puts into smelting furnace, raw material in smelting furnace is all melted be alloy solution for heating；
C, al-ti-b refiner is added in smelting furnace, strong stirring is until well mixed；
Stirring, to well mixed, makes each alloying component temperature reach 730 DEG C -760 DEG C rapidly for d, addition intermediate alloy；
The component content of e, the sampling detection molten aluminium alloy, the component content according to design is adjusted, and confirms described each
Group composition meets the component content of design；
F, the molten aluminium alloy after through composition adjustment add 0.2% aluminum refining agent, are sprayed with 99.99% nitrogen
Enter, remove the gas and impurity in smelting furnace, remove alloy solution surface scum；
G, by refining after the molten aluminium alloy 30min is stood in standing furnace, and the temperature in standing furnace is maintained at 720
Between DEG C -740 DEG C；Casting is carried out, forging pole blank is made.
6. the preparation technology of aluminium alloy according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Described intermediate alloy is Al-Si20
Intermediate alloy, Al-Ti8-B3 intermediate alloys, Al-Sc5 intermediate alloys, Al-Mn10 intermediate alloys.
7. application of the aluminium alloy in mining supports material is prepared any one of claim 1-4.
8. application of the aluminium alloy according to claim 7 in mining supports material, it is characterised in that：The aluminium alloy exists
Prepare the application in U-shaped mining bracket.
9. the U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy
Manufacturing technology steps are：
A, extrusion forming：Embryo material is heated to 400-450 DEG C, under 1800 tons of pressure, with special U-shaped mould extrusion forming；
B, shearing：Cut into grid beam and grid leg, grid beam die pressure camber；
C, heat treatment：T6 is heat-treated；
D, support processing and assembling：The U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy is obtained, the grid beam and the grid leg are linked with connector.
10. the U-shaped mining bracket of aluminium alloy according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The heat treatment is, by the grid
Beam and the grid leg material load solid solution furnace, and 500-515 DEG C of solid solubility temperature solution time 3-4.5 hours, then quenches, it is desirable to
By in the running water of part 35-75 DEG C of water temperature of immersion in 10 seconds；Aging furnace is reinstalled, 160-180 DEG C of furnace temperature is incubated 6 hours, goes out
Natural cooling after stove.
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