CN106900463A - 一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法 - Google Patents
一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
本发明属于瓜果种植技术领域,尤其是一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,具体方法如下:(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗;(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽;(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理;本发明对种子进行处理,有效加快发芽时间和提高发芽率,促进苗齐苗壮,降低猝倒病的发生;施入本发明的腐熟有机肥,肥力强,肥效持久,不但有效杀灭越冬病菌和微生物,避免有害菌侵染幼苗,而且养分易于吸收转化,有效提高植株的抗病能力和抗旱能力;定期喷施营养液,不但有效促进糖分的合成和积累,使得含糖量达到18%~19%,而且有效抑制外来病菌对植株造成侵染,尤其对白粉病和蔓枯病有良好的防治效果,有效提高坐瓜品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于瓜果种植技术领域,尤其是一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法。
背景技术
白兰瓜,又名兰州蜜瓜,原名叫“蜜露”,原产于法国、美国的红海、京东一带,1944年由美国引种到兰州,皮厚瓜甜,瓜肉翠绿,囊厚汁丰,脆而细嫩,含糖量高达15%左右,享有“香如桂花,甜似蜂蜜“之誉,不仅香甜可口,富有营养,还有清暑、解渴、开胃、利尿之功效,不仅供应国内各地,而且远销海外,所以其产量往往供不应求;在白兰瓜的生长过程中,不但育苗育苗困难,培育的幼苗弱小易发生猝倒病,而且其植株抗病能力弱,容易发生病害,尤其白粉病和蔓枯病病害严重,导致产量和品质受到极大影响;因此,发明一种能有效解决以上问题的白兰瓜种植方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗
2月中旬,选择颗粒饱满、无霉烂、无虫眼的白兰瓜种子,投入浸种液中浸种230~240min,滤液取出,置入温度为-19~-17℃的冷冻箱内冷冻42~44min,取出,投入温度为46~48℃的炒锅内炒制140~150s,取出,置入温度为29~31℃的催芽箱内催芽22~24h,取出,点播于育苗棚的育苗穴内,每穴点播一粒,育苗期间控制育苗棚内温度为29~31℃,直至幼苗生长至高度为5.5~6cm;
所述的浸种液,由以下重量份的原料制成:白果新酸2.2~2.4份、千金藤素4.1~4.3份、苏氨酸6.7~6.9份、硝酸根9.7~9.9份、余量为溶剂;
(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽
将步骤(1)的幼苗移栽至种植地土壤,移栽株行距为60~65cm*60~65cm;移栽前5~6天,对种植地土壤施入腐熟有机肥3100~3200kg/亩,深耕27~29cm,作畦;
所述的腐熟有机肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟牛粪2200~2300份、黄药子提取物0.43~0.45份、肉桂提取物0.56~0.58份、柠檬酸钾1.1~1.2份、磷酸钙18~19份、尿素35~37份;
(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理
4月中旬,开始叶面喷施营养液,之后每隔17~18天喷施一次,每次喷施前摘除枯叶病叶老叶;当主蔓长52~54cm时在4~5节处选留2条生长健壮的侧蔓,其余侧蔓全部摘除,以减少养分消耗,瓜坐稳后去除弱枝、病枝和老叶、病叶,以利于通风透光,适时采收;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢铵18~19份、硫酸钾13~14份、过磷酸钙10.5~11份、维生素A0.45~0.47份、木耳多糖0.23~0.25份、黄芪甲苷0.19~0.21份、虎杖提取物0.36~0.38份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的浸种液的质量分数为0.13%~0.15%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的腐熟牛粪,按以下步骤进行制备:
A.将4.6~4.8重量份的九龙藤、7.7~7.9重量份的苦地丁、2.3~2.5重量份的急性子、5.6~5.8重量份的白蔹和9.7~9.9重量份的问荆粉碎至130~140目,投入210~220重量份的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮52~54min,室温自然冷却,得中药液;
B.将5800~5900重量份的牛粪晾晒至无水分,粉碎至170~180目,与中药液混合搅拌均匀,盖上塑料薄膜,在温度为39~41℃的条件下发酵290~300h,期间每隔34~36h翻堆一次,得腐熟牛粪。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.21%~0.23%,每次的喷施量为46~47mL/株。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,播种育苗前,对种子进行低温冷冻、低温炒制处理,有效促进种子内生理代谢从相对静止状态转变到活跃状态,然后用浸种液浸种,不但促进种子开始进行呼吸、物质合成及其它代谢活动,促使种胚快速突破种皮,加快发芽时间和提高发芽率,而且能够有效促进苗齐苗壮,降低猝倒病的发生;施入本发明的腐熟有机肥,肥力强,肥效持久,生长过程中不需要另外根施肥料即能满足其生长需求,不但有效杀灭越冬病菌和微生物,避免有害菌侵染幼苗,而且养分易于吸收转化,有效提高植株的抗病能力和抗旱能力,促进植株健壮生长,为开花结果奠定良好的营养基础;定期喷施本发明的营养液,不但有效促进糖分的合成和积累,使得含糖量达到18%~19%,而且能有效抑制外来病菌对植株造成侵染,尤其对白粉病和蔓枯病有良好的防治效果,有效提高坐瓜品质。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗
2月中旬,选择颗粒饱满、无霉烂、无虫眼的白兰瓜种子,投入浸种液中浸种230min,滤液取出,置入温度为-19℃的冷冻箱内冷冻42min,取出,投入温度为46℃的炒锅内炒制140s,取出,置入温度为29℃的催芽箱内催芽22h,取出,点播于育苗棚的育苗穴内,每穴点播一粒,育苗期间控制育苗棚内温度为29~31℃,直至幼苗生长至高度为5.5~6cm;
所述的浸种液,由以下重量份的原料制成:白果新酸2.2份、千金藤素4.1份、苏氨酸6.7份、硝酸根9.7份、余量为溶剂;
(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽
将步骤(1)的幼苗移栽至种植地土壤,移栽株行距为60~65cm*60~65cm;移栽前5~6天,对种植地土壤施入腐熟有机肥3100kg/亩,深耕27~29cm,作畦;
所述的腐熟有机肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟牛粪2200份、黄药子提取物0.43份、肉桂提取物0.56份、柠檬酸钾1.1份、磷酸钙18份、尿素35份;
(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理
4月中旬,开始叶面喷施营养液,之后每隔17~18天喷施一次,每次喷施前摘除枯叶病叶老叶;当主蔓长52~54cm时在4~5节处选留2条生长健壮的侧蔓,其余侧蔓全部摘除,以减少养分消耗,瓜坐稳后去除弱枝、病枝和老叶、病叶,以利于通风透光,适时采收;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢铵18份、硫酸钾13份、过磷酸钙10.5份、维生素A0.45份、木耳多糖0.23份、黄芪甲苷0.19份、虎杖提取物0.36份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的浸种液的质量分数为0.13%~0.15%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的腐熟牛粪,按以下步骤进行制备:
A.将4.6重量份的九龙藤、7.7重量份的苦地丁、2.3重量份的急性子、5.6重量份的白蔹和9.7重量份的问荆粉碎至130目,投入210重量份的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮52min,室温自然冷却,得中药液;
B.将5800重量份的牛粪晾晒至无水分,粉碎至170目,与中药液混合搅拌均匀,盖上塑料薄膜,在温度为39℃的条件下发酵290h,期间每隔34h翻堆一次,得腐熟牛粪。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.21%,每次的喷施量为46mL/株。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗
2月中旬,选择颗粒饱满、无霉烂、无虫眼的白兰瓜种子,投入浸种液中浸种235min,滤液取出,置入温度为-18℃的冷冻箱内冷冻43min,取出,投入温度为47℃的炒锅内炒制145s,取出,置入温度为30℃的催芽箱内催芽23h,取出,点播于育苗棚的育苗穴内,每穴点播一粒,育苗期间控制育苗棚内温度为29~31℃,直至幼苗生长至高度为5.5~6cm;
所述的浸种液,由以下重量份的原料制成:白果新酸2.3份、千金藤素4.2份、苏氨酸6.8份、硝酸根9.8份、余量为溶剂;
(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽
将步骤(1)的幼苗移栽至种植地土壤,移栽株行距为60~65cm*60~65cm;移栽前5~6天,对种植地土壤施入腐熟有机肥3150kg/亩,深耕27~29cm,作畦;
所述的腐熟有机肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟牛粪2250份、黄药子提取物0.44份、肉桂提取物0.57份、柠檬酸钾1.15份、磷酸钙18.5份、尿素36份;
(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理
4月中旬,开始叶面喷施营养液,之后每隔17~18天喷施一次,每次喷施前摘除枯叶病叶老叶;当主蔓长52~54cm时在4~5节处选留2条生长健壮的侧蔓,其余侧蔓全部摘除,以减少养分消耗,瓜坐稳后去除弱枝、病枝和老叶、病叶,以利于通风透光,适时采收;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢铵18.5份、硫酸钾13.5份、过磷酸钙10.8份、维生素A0.46份、木耳多糖0.24份、黄芪甲苷0.2份、虎杖提取物0.37份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的浸种液的质量分数为0.14%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的腐熟牛粪,按以下步骤进行制备:
A.将4.7重量份的九龙藤、7.8重量份的苦地丁、2.4重量份的急性子、5.7重量份的白蔹和9.8重量份的问荆粉碎至135目,投入215重量份的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮53min,室温自然冷却,得中药液;
B.将5850重量份的牛粪晾晒至无水分,粉碎至175目,与中药液混合搅拌均匀,盖上塑料薄膜,在温度为40℃的条件下发酵295h,期间每隔35h翻堆一次,得腐熟牛粪。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.22%,每次的喷施量为46.5mL/株。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗
2月中旬,选择颗粒饱满、无霉烂、无虫眼的白兰瓜种子,投入浸种液中浸种240min,滤液取出,置入温度为-17℃的冷冻箱内冷冻44min,取出,投入温度为48℃的炒锅内炒制150s,取出,置入温度为31℃的催芽箱内催芽24h,取出,点播于育苗棚的育苗穴内,每穴点播一粒,育苗期间控制育苗棚内温度为29~31℃,直至幼苗生长至高度为5.5~6cm;
所述的浸种液,由以下重量份的原料制成:白果新酸2.4份、千金藤素4.3份、苏氨酸6.9份、硝酸根9.9份、余量为溶剂;
(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽
将步骤(1)的幼苗移栽至种植地土壤,移栽株行距为60~65cm*60~65cm;移栽前5~6天,对种植地土壤施入腐熟有机肥3200kg/亩,深耕27~29cm,作畦;
所述的腐熟有机肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟牛粪2300份、黄药子提取物0.45份、肉桂提取物0.58份、柠檬酸钾1.2份、磷酸钙19份、尿素37份;
(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理
4月中旬,开始叶面喷施营养液,之后每隔17~18天喷施一次,每次喷施前摘除枯叶病叶老叶;当主蔓长52~54cm时在4~5节处选留2条生长健壮的侧蔓,其余侧蔓全部摘除,以减少养分消耗,瓜坐稳后去除弱枝、病枝和老叶、病叶,以利于通风透光,适时采收;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢铵19份、硫酸钾14份、过磷酸钙11份、维生素A0.47份、木耳多糖0.25份、黄芪甲苷0.21份、虎杖提取物0.38份。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的浸种液的质量分数为0.15%。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(2)所述的腐熟牛粪,按以下步骤进行制备:
A.将4.8重量份的九龙藤、7.9重量份的苦地丁、2.5重量份的急性子、5.8重量份的白蔹和9.9重量份的问荆粉碎至140目,投入220重量份的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮54min,室温自然冷却,得中药液;
B.将5900重量份的牛粪晾晒至无水分,粉碎至180目,与中药液混合搅拌均匀,盖上塑料薄膜,在温度为41℃的条件下发酵300h,期间每隔36h翻堆一次,得腐熟牛粪。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.23%,每次的喷施量为47mL/株。
使用本实施例的种植方法与对比例白兰瓜的普通种植方法种植白兰瓜20亩,分为4组,平均每组5亩,其他条件均相同,统计其白粉病病害率、蔓枯病病害率和平均亩产量,实验对比结果如下表:
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
白粉病病害率(%) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 9.2 |
蔓枯病病害率(%) | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 13.5 |
平均亩产量(kg) | 2286.5 | 2298.8 | 2312.7 | 1754.6 |
相对增产率(%) | 30.31 | 31.02 | 31.81 | —— |
从表1可以看出,本发明的种植方法能有效降低白兰瓜白粉病病害率和蔓枯病病害率,提高其亩产量,使得白粉病病害率降低至0.9%~1.0%、相对对比例白兰瓜的普通种植方法降低8.2%~8.3%,使得蔓枯病病害率降低至1.2%~1.4%、相对对比例白兰瓜的普通种植方法降低12.1%~12.3%,使得平均亩产量达到2286.5~2312.7kg、相对对比例白兰瓜的普通种植方法增产30.31%~31.81%。
Claims (4)
1.一种高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)种子的选择、处理及育苗
2月中旬,选择颗粒饱满、无霉烂、无虫眼的白兰瓜种子,投入浸种液中浸种230~240min,滤液取出,置入温度为-19~-17℃的冷冻箱内冷冻42~44min,取出,投入温度为46~48℃的炒锅内炒制140~150s,取出,置入温度为29~31℃的催芽箱内催芽22~24h,取出,点播于育苗棚的育苗穴内,每穴点播一粒,育苗期间控制育苗棚内温度为29~31℃,直至幼苗生长至高度为5.5~6cm;
所述的浸种液,由以下重量份的原料制成:白果新酸2.2~2.4份、千金藤素4.1~4.3份、苏氨酸6.7~6.9份、硝酸根9.7~9.9份、余量为溶剂;
(2)土壤处理及幼苗移栽
将步骤(1)的幼苗移栽至种植地土壤,移栽株行距为60~65cm*60~65cm;移栽前5~6天,对种植地土壤施入腐熟有机肥3100~3200kg/亩,深耕27~29cm,作畦;
所述的腐熟有机肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟牛粪2200~2300份、黄药子提取物0.43~0.45份、肉桂提取物0.56~0.58份、柠檬酸钾1.1~1.2份、磷酸钙18~19份、尿素35~37份;
(3)幼苗移栽后的田间管理
4月中旬,开始叶面喷施营养液,之后每隔17~18天喷施一次,每次喷施前摘除枯叶病叶老叶;当主蔓长52~54cm时在4~5节处选留2条生长健壮的侧蔓,其余侧蔓全部摘除,瓜坐稳后去除弱枝、病枝和老叶、病叶,适时采收;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:磷酸二氢铵18~19份、硫酸钾13~14份、过磷酸钙10.5~11份、维生素A0.45~0.47份、木耳多糖0.23~0.25份、黄芪甲苷0.19~0.21份、虎杖提取物0.36~0.38份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的浸种液的质量分数为0.13%~0.15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的腐熟牛粪,按以下步骤进行制备:
A.将4.6~4.8重量份的九龙藤、7.7~7.9重量份的苦地丁、2.3~2.5重量份的急性子、5.6~5.8重量份的白蔹和9.7~9.9重量份的问荆粉碎至130~140目,投入210~220重量份的水中大火煮沸,文火熬煮52~54min,室温自然冷却,得中药液;
B.将5800~5900重量份的牛粪晾晒至无水分,粉碎至170~180目,与中药液混合搅拌均匀,盖上塑料薄膜,在温度为39~41℃的条件下发酵290~300h,期间每隔34~36h翻堆一次,得腐熟牛粪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高产高质白兰瓜的露地种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.21%~0.23%,每次的喷施量为46~47mL/株。
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CN112119910A (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2020-12-25 | 海南瑞民农业科技有限公司 | 一种瓜果授粉方法 |
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