CN106900215A - The all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted - Google Patents
The all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted Download PDFInfo
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- CN106900215A CN106900215A CN201710264071.6A CN201710264071A CN106900215A CN 106900215 A CN106900215 A CN 106900215A CN 201710264071 A CN201710264071 A CN 201710264071A CN 106900215 A CN106900215 A CN 106900215A
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- hydraulic
- fertilizer
- solenoid
- output end
- operated proportional
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
Abstract
The present invention relates to the all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted；Including frame, range-measurement system, control system, hydraulic system, trench digging system, fertilization system and earthing system.Range-measurement system output end is connected with control system input, and control system output end is connected with hydraulic system input, and hydraulic system output end is connected with trench digging system, fertilization system, earthing system respectively；Range-measurement system measures its relative distance with ground；Range-measurement system measures its relative distance with ditched bottom in real time, and its value is transferred into control system.With preset value be compared for it by control system, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events in control hydraulic system, adjusts ditching depth.Speed adjustable range of the present invention is wide, stable drive, can realize trench digging, fertilising, earthing integrated operation, real-time detection and can adjust ditching depth, it is to avoid too deep or excessively shallow ditching operation, utilization rate of the raising tree body to fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted, belong to orchard management machinery technology
Field.
Background technology
Ditching-fertilizing is a kind of conventional fertilization mode in the Soil and fertilizer management of orchard, and main method has annular groove fertilization method, puts
Penetrate ditch fertilization method, strip ditch fertilization method.Wherein, strip ditch fertilization method is applied to the mechanical work in scale orchard.This fertilising side
Method requirement is along fruit tree row to opening a strip ditch of about 30~40 centimetres deep, wide in the ranks, and fertilizer is applied in ditch, most
Earthing operation afterwards.
At present, orchard furrowing, fertilising, earthing are still based on manual work.Existing orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator unitary function,
Can not once complete to ditch, apply fertilizer, earthing operation, inefficiency；The kind of drive is generally machine driving, mechanism structure is complicated,
Speed adjustable range is narrow, transmission is unstable；And existing orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator is temporarily without automatic adjusting device for ditching depth, it is impossible in real time
Detection and regulation ditching depth.
Patent content
To solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the all-hydraulic orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted
Fertilizer applicator.Simple structure of the present invention, speed adjustable range are wide, stable drive, realize trench digging, fertilising, earthing integrated operation, can be real-time
Detection and regulation ditching depth, it is to avoid too deep or excessively shallow ditching operation, improve utilization rate of the tree body to fertilizer.
The all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted, including frame, range-measurement system, control system, liquid
Pressure system, trench digging system, fertilization system and earthing system.Range-measurement system output end is connected with control system input, control system
System output end be connected with hydraulic system input, hydraulic system output end respectively with ditch system, fertilization system, earthing system phase
Even.
The frame includes hanger bracket, support frame, the first side arm, the second side arm, middle frame and small rack.The suspension
Frame, the first side arm, the second side arm, middle frame are fixed on support frame；The hanger bracket is arranged on support frame as described above front end center；
First side arm and the second side arm are mounted side by side on supporting framing front end top center；The small rack two ends connect first respectively
The front end of side arm and the second side arm；The middle frame connects support frame as described above and described small rack one end.The hanger bracket with it is existing
The hitch of dynamic device is connected.
The range-measurement system includes central platform, connecting shaft and range finder module；The central platform is consolidated with connecting shaft one end
Connect, the connecting shaft other end is connected with described small rack.The central platform keeps horizontality.In described central platform or so
Axis and the frame or so axis overlap.
The range finder module includes that (position sensing is sensed to pipe, PSD to pipe, infrared receiver for cylindricality lead, infrared emission
Device) and counting circuit.The cylindricality lead is mounted in central platform bottom center of gravity；The cylindricality lead and central platform center of gravity exist
One is erect on straight line, increases the range-measurement system balance.The PSD, counting circuit, infrared emission are integrated into one to pipe
Integral installation is located at cylindricality lead two respectively with infrared receiver to pipe in the central platform bottom, the infrared emission to pipe
Side；During regulation ditching depth, due to the balanced action of the cylindricality lead, central platform remains horizontality.During trench digging,
The infrared emission to pipe real time emission infrared detection signal, for detecting that infrared emission is believed pipe with the distance at bottom of ditching
Number, distance signal runs into bottom of trench and reflects to be fallen on the PSD；The counting circuit calculates transmitting to pipe and bottom of ditching
Distance value, and it is transferred to control system input in real time.
The control system includes single-chip microcomputer, input, the first output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th defeated
Go out end and indicator lamp.The single-chip microcomputer is arranged on central platform upper surface center, increases the range-measurement system stability.Institute
Single-chip microcomputer input port is stated to be connected with the input.First output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output
End is connected with single-chip microcomputer delivery outlet respectively.The indicator lamp is that data transfer shows signal, often carries out a data transfer, is indicated
Lamp flashes once；
The distance signal that the control system real-time reception range-measurement system sends, determines output control signal and controls described
First solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve
Action；The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th electromagnetism ratio
Example reversal valve is connected with the first output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end respectively.
The hydraulic system includes fuel tank, filter, hydraulic pump, the first one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd
One-way throttle valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve, the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional
Reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, hydraulic cylinder, heat exchanger and thermometer are constituted.The fuel tank by hydraulic circuit with
The filter is connected.The filter is connected by hydraulic circuit with the hydraulic pump.Described hydraulic pump one end passes through hydraulic pressure
Oil circuit provides power from fuel tank oil suction.The hydraulic pump other end by hydraulic circuit respectively with first one-way throttle valve,
Second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd one-way throttle valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve are connected.The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, second
Solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve are by hydraulic circuit respectively with described the
One one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd one-way throttle valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve are connected.The first hydraulic pressure horse
Up to, the second hydraulic motor, the 3rd hydraulic motor respectively with first one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd unidirectional
Choke valve is connected.The hydraulic cylinder is connected with the 4th one-way throttle valve.The push rod external part of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on institute
State on support frame.The heat exchanger is arranged on surface after fuel tank, and the heat exchanger oil inlet and outlet is by hydraulic circuit and oil
Case is connected.The thermometer is arranged on the preceding surface of fuel tank.The heat exchanger, for ensureing oil temperature stabilization, prevents oil with thermometer
The too high damage hydraulic system of temperature.
The 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, hydraulic cylinder extension drives support frame as described above rotation, and then change trench digging
Depth.
The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, hydraulic pressure
Motor rotary speed changes, and then changes trench digging speed.
The trench digging system is included by the first power transmission shaft, second driving shaft, the first drive sprocket, the second drive sprocket, the
One hydraulic motor, driving chain, spiral dumper and chain type ditching knife.First power transmission shaft passes through bearing and support frame as described above
Front end is connected.The first hydraulic motor output end is connected by shaft coupling with first power transmission shaft.The spiral dumper
It is affixed with the first drive sprocket；First drive sprocket is connected by spline with first power transmission shaft；Second transmission
Axle is connected by bearing with support frame as described above rear end.Second drive sprocket is fixed on the second driving shaft.Described
One drive sprocket, the second drive sprocket are connected by driving chain.The chain type ditching knife is uniformly fixed in the driving chain
On.
First power transmission shaft being rotated by first hydraulic motor, first drive sprocket is rotated and driven
The driving chain is rotated with second sprocket wheel, and then drives the chain type ditching knife rotary operation.At the same time, the spiral shell
Rotation dumper rotates under the drive of first power transmission shaft, is excluded native in time.
The fertilization system includes wooden fertilizer box, the second hydraulic motor, the 3rd power transmission shaft, flood dragon cage, fertilizer cylinder and fertilizer-guiding plate.Institute
Fertilizer box is stated to be placed on the first side arm and the second side arm.The fertilizer-dropping hole of the fertilizer box is connected with the fertile mouth that enters of fertilizer cylinder.The row
The fertilizer outlet of fertile cylinder is connected with fertilizer-guiding plate one end.The fertilizer-guiding plate other end is extended at the middle frame.Second hydraulic pressure
Motor output end is connected by shaft coupling with the 3rd power transmission shaft.3rd power transmission shaft is connected by bearing with support frame.
The flood dragon cage is fixed on the 3rd power transmission shaft.The flood dragon cage and the 3rd power transmission shaft are arranged in fertilizer cylinder, the flood dragon cage diameter with
The fertilizer cylinder equal diameters.
Fertilizer enters fertilizer cylinder, and the 3rd power transmission shaft being rotated by second hydraulic motor drives
The flood dragon cage is rotated, and then drives fertilizer to enter fertilizer-guiding plate, fertilizer fallen into along fertilizer-guiding plate ditch it is interior.
The earthing system includes that the 3rd hydraulic motor, the 4th power transmission shaft and spiral return earthenware.3rd hydraulic motor
Output end is connected by shaft coupling with the 4th power transmission shaft.4th power transmission shaft is connected by bearing with middle frame.It is described
Spiral returns earthenware and is fixed on the 4th power transmission shaft.Spiral in the earthing system returns earthenware and described spiral dumper rotation direction
Conversely and positioned at same level position.Second hydraulic motor is identical with the 3rd hydraulic motor steering.
After ending ditch, the 4th power transmission shaft being rotated by the 3rd hydraulic motor drives spiral to return earthenware
Rotation, by native backfill in time.
The invention further relates to the method for adjustment of ditching depth, step is as follows：
Before ditching operation, central platform keeps level, range-measurement system to measure its relative distance S1 with ground.If required
Ditching depth is S2, then range-measurement system and the relative distance at bottom of ditching are S=S1+S2.During ditching operation, central platform is still protected
Water holding level state, range-measurement system measures its relative distance S ' with ditched bottom in real time, and its value is transferred into control system.Control
With preset value S be compared for it by system processed, if S ' is more than S, control system processing information and control in hydraulic system the 4th
Solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, hydraulic cylinder push rod shortens, and ditching depth shoals；If S ' is less than S, control system processing information is simultaneously controlled
The 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events in hydraulic system processed, hydraulic cylinder push rod elongation, ditching depth is deepened；If S ' is equal to S, liquid
The push rod of cylinder pressure is failure to actuate, and ditching depth is constant.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Simple structure of the present invention, speed adjustable range are wide, stable drive, can both realize ditching, apply fertilizer, earthing integrated operation,
Again can real-time detection and regulation ditching depth, it is to avoid too deep or excessively shallow ditching operation, tree body is improved to the utilization rate of fertilizer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is all-hydraulic orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator front view.
Fig. 2 is all-hydraulic orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator overall structure sketch.
Fig. 3 is all-hydraulic orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator hydraulic system principle figure.
Fig. 4 is ditching depth Principles of Regulation flow chart.
In figure：The central platform 8 of 1 hanger bracket, 2 support frame, 3 first 6 small rack of side arm 4 second side arm, 5 middle frame 7
The hydraulic pump 16 first of 14 filter of connecting shaft 9 cylindricality lead, 10 range finder module, 11 single-chip microcomputer, 12 indicator lamp, 13 fuel tank 15
The solenoid-operated proportional of 17 second the 4th one-way throttle valve of the 3rd one-way throttle valve 19 of one-way throttle valve 18 of one-way throttle valve 20 first
The hydraulic pressure of the 3rd the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve of solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 23 of 21 second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 22 of reversal valve 24
The driving-chain of 25 heat exchanger of cylinder, 26 27 first power transmission shaft of thermometer, 28 second driving shaft, 29 first drive sprocket 30 second
Take turns the hydraulic motor of 31 first hydraulic motor, 32 driving chain, 33 spiral dumper, 34 chain type ditching knife, 35 fertilizer box 36 second
The fertilizer of 37 the 3rd power transmission shaft, 38 flood dragon cage 39 cylinder 40 the 3rd the 4th power transmission shaft of hydraulic motor 42 of fertilizer-guiding plate 41 43 spiral returns soil
Device
Specific embodiment
This patent is described further and description with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing.
A kind of all-hydraulic orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator with automatic adjusting device for ditching depth, including frame, range-measurement system,
Control system, hydraulic system, trench digging system, fertilization system, earthing system.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, frame is by by hanger bracket 1, support frame 2, the first side arm 3, the second side arm 4, middle frame 5, ramuscule
Frame 6 is constituted.Hanger bracket 1, the first side arm 3, the second side arm 4, middle frame 5 are fixed on support frame 2.Small rack 6 is pacified by bolt
Mounted in the first side arm 3, the front end of the second side arm 4.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, range-measurement system includes central platform 7, connecting shaft 8, cylindricality lead 9, range finder module 10.Center is flat
Platform 7 is affixed with connecting shaft 8.Connecting shaft 8 is connected with small rack 6.Central platform 7 keeps horizontality.Range finder module 10 is arranged on
The lower surface of central platform 7.Cylindricality lead 9 is connected to the lower surface of central platform 7.Cylindricality lead 9, range finder module 10 and central platform
7 center of gravity increases range-measurement system balance on a vertical curve.The axis of central platform 7 overlaps with frame axis.Trench digging is made
During industry, range finder module measures its distance with bottom of trench in real time, and detection signal is sent to control system.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, control system includes single-chip microcomputer 11, indicator lamp 12, input, the first output end, the second output
End, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end.Single-chip microcomputer 11 is arranged on the upper surface of central platform 7.The input port of single-chip microcomputer 11 and input
It is connected.First output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end are connected with the delivery outlet of single-chip microcomputer 11 respectively.Indicate
Lamp 12 is that data transfer shows signal, often carries out a data transfer.The distance signal that control system real time distance system sends,
It is acquired, Fuzzy processing, determine output control signal and control the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 20, the second electromagnetism ratio
Example reversal valve 21, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 22, the ex-situ operations of the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 23.
As shown in figure 3, hydraulic system includes fuel tank 13, filter 14, hydraulic pump 15, the first one-way throttle valve 16, second
One-way throttle valve 17, the 3rd one-way throttle valve 18, the 4th one-way throttle valve 19, the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 20, the second electromagnetism
Proportional reversing valve 21, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 22, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 23, hydraulic cylinder 24, the and of heat exchanger 25
Thermometer 26.Fuel tank 13 is connected by hydraulic circuit with filter 14.Filter 14 is connected by hydraulic circuit with hydraulic pump 15.
The one end of hydraulic pump 15 provides power by hydraulic circuit from the oil suction of fuel tank 13.The other end of hydraulic pump 15 by hydraulic circuit respectively with
First one-way throttle valve 16, the second one-way throttle valve 17, the 3rd one-way throttle valve 18, the one end of the 4th one-way throttle valve 19 are connected.
First one-way throttle valve 16, the second one-way throttle valve 17, the 3rd one-way throttle valve 18, the other end of the 4th one-way throttle valve 19 difference
With the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 20, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 21, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 22, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional
Reversal valve 23 is connected.First hydraulic motor 31, the second hydraulic motor 36, the 3rd hydraulic motor 41 are changed with the first solenoid-operated proportional respectively
It is connected to valve 20, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 21, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 22.Hydraulic cylinder 24 is changed with the 4th solenoid-operated proportional
It is connected to valve.The push rod external part of hydraulic cylinder 24 is hinged on support frame 2.Heat exchanger 25 ensures that oil temperature is steady with thermometer 26
It is fixed, prevent high oil temperature from damaging hydraulic system.4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 23 replaces, hydraulic cylinder extension, drives support frame 2 to revolve
Turn, and then change ditching depth.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, trench digging system includes the first power transmission shaft 27, second driving shaft 28, the first drive sprocket 29, second
Drive sprocket 30, the first hydraulic motor 31, driving chain 32, spiral dumper 33, chain type ditching knife 34.First power transmission shaft 27 leads to
Bearing is crossed to be connected with the front end of support frame 2.The output end of first hydraulic motor 31 is connected by shaft coupling with the first power transmission shaft 27.Spiral
Dumper 33, the first drive sprocket 29 are fixed on the first power transmission shaft 27.Second driving shaft 28 is by bearing and the rear end of support frame 2
It is connected.Second drive sprocket 29 is fixed on second driving shaft 28.First drive sprocket 29, the second drive sprocket 30 and driving-chain
Bar 32 intermeshes.Chain type ditching knife 34 is fixed on driving chain 32.Drive of first power transmission shaft 27 in the first hydraulic motor 31
Dynamic lower rotation, the first drive sprocket 29 is rotated and drives driving chain 32 to be rotated with the second sprocket wheel 30, and then drives chain type ditching knife
34 rotary operations.At the same time, spiral dumper 33 rotates under the drive of the first power transmission shaft 27, is excluded native in time.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, fertilization system includes fertilizer box 35, the second hydraulic motor 36, the 3rd power transmission shaft 37, flood dragon cage 38, row
Fertile cylinder 39, fertilizer-guiding plate 40.Fertilizer box 35 is fixed in the first side arm 3, the rear end of the second side arm 4.The fertilizer-dropping hole of fertilizer box 35 and fertilizer cylinder 39
Enter fertile mouth be connected.The fertilizer outlet of fertilizer cylinder 39 is connected with the one end of fertilizer-guiding plate 40.The other end of fertilizer-guiding plate 40 is extended at middle frame 5.
The output end of second hydraulic motor 36 is connected by shaft coupling with the 3rd power transmission shaft 37.3rd power transmission shaft 37 passes through bearing and support frame
2 are connected.Flood dragon cage 38 is fixed on the 3rd power transmission shaft 37.Flood dragon cage 38 is arranged in fertilizer cylinder 39.Fertilizer enters fertilizer box 35, into row
Fertile cylinder 39, the 3rd power transmission shaft 37 is rotated by the second hydraulic motor 36, drives flood dragon cage 38 to rotate, and then drives fertilizer to enter
Enter fertilizer-guiding plate 40, in fertilizer falls into along fertilizer-guiding plate 40 and ditches.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, earthing system includes that the 3rd hydraulic motor 41, the 4th power transmission shaft 42, spiral return earthenware 43.3rd
The output end of hydraulic motor 41 is connected by shaft coupling with the 4th power transmission shaft 42.4th power transmission shaft 42 passes through bearing and middle frame 5
It is connected.Spiral returns earthenware 43 and is fixed on the 4th power transmission shaft 42.Spiral in earthing system is returned in earthenware 43 and trench digging system
Spiral dumper 33 is oppositely oriented and positioned at same level position.Second hydraulic motor 36 turns to phase with the 3rd hydraulic motor 41
Together.After applying fertilizer, the 4th being rotated by the 3rd hydraulic motor 41 of power transmission shaft 42 drives spiral to return earthenware 43 and rotates,
By native backfill in time.
As shown in figure 4, the operation principle of the all-hydraulic orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator：Before ditching operation, central platform 7 is protected
Water holding is put down, and range-measurement system measures its relative distance S1 with ground.If required ditching depth be S2, then range-measurement system with ditched
The relative distance at bottom is S=S1+S2.During ditching operation, central platform 7 still keeps horizontality, range-measurement system to measure it in real time
With the relative distance S ' at ditched bottom, and its value is transferred to control system.With preset value S be compared for it by control system,
If S ' is more than S, control system processing information simultaneously controls the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve 23 in hydraulic system to act, hydraulic cylinder 24
Push rod shortens, and ditching depth shoals；If S ' is less than S, control system processing information and the 4th electromagnetism ratio for controlling in hydraulic system
Example reversal valve 23 is acted, and the push rod of hydraulic cylinder 24 elongation, ditching depth is deepened；If S ' is equal to S, the push rod of hydraulic cylinder is failure to actuate, is opened
Trench depth is constant.
When using, first predetermined ditching depth, measures the relative distance of range-measurement system and ground.Ditching operation, range-measurement system
Distance signal is transferred to control system in real time, if range-measurement system is less than preset value, control system the with the distance at bottom of ditching
Four output end output control signals control the 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, the push rod elongation of hydraulic cylinder.Control system first
Output end output control signal controls the first solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, the first hydraulic motor to rotate, and ditching knife is rotated, spiral
Dumper is rotated, and soil is excluded outside ditch.The second output end of control system output control signal controls the commutation valve actuation of the second solenoid-operated proportional
Make, the second hydraulic motor is rotated, flood dragon cage is rotated, fertilizer falls from fertilizer cylinder.The output end output control signal of control system the 3rd
The 3rd solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, the 3rd hydraulic motor are controlled to rotate, spiral returns earthenware rotation, in earthen backfill to ditch；If surveying
Less than preset value, the output end output control signal of control system the 4th controls the 4th electromagnetism ratio to distance away from system with bottom of ditching
Example commutation valve events, the push rod of hydraulic cylinder shortens.The output end of control system first, the second output end, the 3rd output end difference are defeated
Go out control signal and control the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, the
One hydraulic motor, the second hydraulic motor, the 3rd hydraulic motor stop operating, and ditching knife, spiral dumper, flood dragon cage, spiral return soil
Device stops the rotation.
Claims (2)
1. the all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted, it is characterised in that including frame, range-measurement system, control
System, hydraulic system, trench digging system, fertilization system and earthing system；Range-measurement system output end is connected with control system input,
Control system output end is connected with hydraulic system input, hydraulic system output end respectively with trench digging system, fertilization system, earthing
System is connected；
The frame includes hanger bracket, support frame, the first side arm, the second side arm, middle frame and small rack；The hanger bracket,
One side arm, the second side arm, middle frame are fixed on support frame；The hanger bracket is arranged on support frame as described above front end center；It is described
First side arm and the second side arm are mounted side by side on supporting framing front end top center；The small rack two ends connect the first side arm respectively
With the front end of the second side arm；The middle frame connects support frame as described above and described small rack one end；The hanger bracket is dynamic with existing
The hitch of power apparatus is connected；
The range-measurement system includes central platform, connecting shaft and range finder module；The central platform is affixed with connecting shaft one end, even
The spindle other end is connected with described small rack；The central platform keeps horizontality；The central platform or so axis
Overlapped with the frame or so axis；
The range finder module includes cylindricality lead, infrared emission to pipe, infrared receiver to pipe, position sensitive detector and calculating electricity
Road；The cylindricality lead is mounted in central platform bottom center of gravity；The cylindricality lead and central platform center of gravity erect straight at one
On line, increase the range-measurement system balance；The position sensitive detector, counting circuit, infrared emission are integrated into one to pipe
Individual integral installation is located at cylindricality lead two respectively with infrared receiver to pipe in the central platform bottom, the infrared emission to pipe
Side；During regulation ditching depth, due to the balanced action of the cylindricality lead, central platform remains horizontality；During trench digging,
The infrared emission to pipe real time emission infrared detection signal, for detecting that infrared emission is believed pipe with the distance at bottom of ditching
Number, distance signal runs into bottom of trench and reflects to be fallen on the position sensitive detector；The counting circuit calculates transmitting to pipe
With the distance value at ditched bottom, and it is transferred to control system input in real time；
The control system includes single-chip microcomputer, input, the first output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end
And indicator lamp；The single-chip microcomputer is arranged on central platform upper surface center, increases the range-measurement system stability；The list
Piece machine input port is connected with the input；First output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end point
It is not connected with single-chip microcomputer delivery outlet；The indicator lamp is that data transfer shows signal, often carries out a data transfer, and indicator lamp dodges
Sparkle once；
The distance signal that the control system real-time reception range-measurement system sends, determines output control signal and controls described first
Solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve it is dynamic
Make；The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional
Reversal valve is connected with the first output end, the second output end, the 3rd output end, the 4th output end respectively；
The hydraulic system includes fuel tank, filter, hydraulic pump, the first one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd unidirectional
Choke valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve, the first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the commutation of the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional
Valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, hydraulic cylinder, heat exchanger and thermometer are constituted；The fuel tank by hydraulic circuit with it is described
Filter is connected；The filter is connected by hydraulic circuit with the hydraulic pump；Described hydraulic pump one end passes through hydraulic circuit
Power is provided from fuel tank oil suction；The hydraulic pump other end by hydraulic circuit respectively with first one-way throttle valve, second
One-way throttle valve, the 3rd one-way throttle valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve are connected；The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second electromagnetism
Proportional reversing valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 4th solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve are single with described first respectively by hydraulic circuit
It is connected to choke valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd one-way throttle valve, the 4th one-way throttle valve；First hydraulic motor,
Two hydraulic motors, the 3rd hydraulic motor respectively with first one-way throttle valve, the second one-way throttle valve, the 3rd one-way throttle valve
It is connected；The hydraulic cylinder is connected with the 4th one-way throttle valve；The push rod external part of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the support
On frame；The heat exchanger is arranged on surface after fuel tank, and the heat exchanger oil inlet and outlet is connected by hydraulic circuit with fuel tank；
The thermometer is arranged on the preceding surface of fuel tank；The heat exchanger, for ensureing oil temperature stabilization, prevents high oil temperature with thermometer
Damage hydraulic system；
The 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, hydraulic cylinder extension drives support frame as described above rotation, and then change trench digging deeply
Degree；
The first solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the second solenoid-operated proportional reversal valve, the 3rd solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events, hydraulic motor
Rotating speed changes, and then changes trench digging speed；
The trench digging system includes the first power transmission shaft, second driving shaft, the first drive sprocket, the second drive sprocket, the first hydraulic pressure
Motor, driving chain, spiral dumper and chain type ditching knife；First power transmission shaft passes through bearing and support frame as described above front end phase
Even；The first hydraulic motor output end is connected by shaft coupling with first power transmission shaft；The spiral dumper and first
Drive sprocket is affixed；First drive sprocket is connected by spline with first power transmission shaft；The second driving shaft passes through
Bearing is connected with support frame as described above rear end；Second drive sprocket is fixed on the second driving shaft；First transmission
Sprocket wheel, the second drive sprocket are connected by driving chain；The chain type ditching knife is uniformly fixed on the driving chain；
First power transmission shaft being rotated by first hydraulic motor, it is described that first drive sprocket rotates drive
Driving chain is rotated with second sprocket wheel, and then drives the chain type ditching knife rotary operation；At the same time, the spiral row
Earthenware rotates under the drive of first power transmission shaft, is excluded native in time；
The fertilization system includes wooden fertilizer box, the second hydraulic motor, the 3rd power transmission shaft, flood dragon cage, fertilizer cylinder and fertilizer-guiding plate；The fertilizer
Case is placed on the first side arm and the second side arm；The fertilizer-dropping hole of the fertilizer box is connected with the fertile mouth that enters of fertilizer cylinder；The fertilizer cylinder
Fertilizer outlet be connected with fertilizer-guiding plate one end；The fertilizer-guiding plate other end is extended at the middle frame；Second hydraulic motor
Output end is connected by shaft coupling with the 3rd power transmission shaft；3rd power transmission shaft is connected by bearing with support frame；It is described
Flood dragon cage is fixed on the 3rd power transmission shaft；The flood dragon cage and the 3rd power transmission shaft are arranged in fertilizer cylinder, the flood dragon cage diameter with it is described
Fertilizer cylinder equal diameters；
Fertilizer enters fertilizer cylinder, and the 3rd power transmission shaft being rotated by second hydraulic motor drives described
Flood dragon cage is rotated, and then drives fertilizer to enter fertilizer-guiding plate, fertilizer fallen into along fertilizer-guiding plate ditch it is interior；
The earthing system includes that the 3rd hydraulic motor, the 4th power transmission shaft and spiral return earthenware；The 3rd hydraulic motor output
End is connected by shaft coupling with the 4th power transmission shaft；4th power transmission shaft is connected by bearing with middle frame；The spiral
Earthenware is returned to be fixed on the 4th power transmission shaft；It is oppositely oriented with described spiral dumper that spiral in the earthing system returns earthenware
And positioned at same level position；Second hydraulic motor is identical with the 3rd hydraulic motor steering；
After ending ditch, the 4th power transmission shaft being rotated by the 3rd hydraulic motor drives spiral to return earthenware rotation,
By native backfill in time.
2. a kind of method of adjustment of all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard ditching depth as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step
It is as follows：
Before ditching operation, central platform keeps level, range-measurement system to measure its relative distance S1 with ground；If required trench digging
Depth is S2, then range-measurement system and the relative distance at bottom of ditching are S=S1+S2；During ditching operation, central platform still keeps water
Level state, range-measurement system measures its relative distance S ' with ditched bottom in real time, and its value is transferred into control system；Control system
With preset value S be compared for it by system, if S ' is more than S, control system processing information and the 4th electromagnetism for controlling in hydraulic system
Proportional reversing valve is acted, and hydraulic cylinder push rod shortens, and ditching depth shoals；If S ' is less than S, control system processing information simultaneously controls liquid
The 4th solenoid-operated proportional commutation valve events in pressure system, hydraulic cylinder push rod elongation, ditching depth is deepened；If S ' is equal to S, hydraulic cylinder
Push rod be failure to actuate, ditching depth is constant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710264071.6A CN106900215A (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | The all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted |
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| CN201710264071.6A CN106900215A (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2017-04-21 | The all-hydraulic fertilizer applicator for orchard that a kind of ditching depth is automatically adjusted |
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| CN106900215A true CN106900215A (en) | 2017-06-30 |
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