CN109601067A - A kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine - Google Patents
A kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109601067A CN109601067A CN201910102616.2A CN201910102616A CN109601067A CN 109601067 A CN109601067 A CN 109601067A CN 201910102616 A CN201910102616 A CN 201910102616A CN 109601067 A CN109601067 A CN 109601067A
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- fertilizer
- trench digging
- ditching
- base manure
- hydraulic cylinder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machines.Including rack, hitch frame, transmission mechanism, double-row ditching machine structure, fertilizer mechanism, transverse direction Shu Fei mechanism, Dao Fei mechanism, earthing shell and control mechanism；The present invention can be carried out duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing operation, improve operating efficiency；It is able to achieve organic fertilizer and fertilizer mixed applying, improves fertilization effect；Using scraper-type fertilizer structure, organic fertilizer is not easy to plug, and fertilizer effect is good；While increasing ditching depth and trench digging apart from self-checking device, energy real-time detection and adjusting ditching depth, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machines, belong to orchard management machinery technical field.
Background technique
Orchard furrowing fertilising is orchard management the next item up important link, and deep application of fertilizer can promote tree vigo(u)r to restore, and improves soil
Earth nutrient.Currently, orchard furrowing fertilizer applicator is mostly that uniline ditching-fertilizing, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer give, ditching-fertilizing low efficiency；Row
Fertile device is mostly cagem type fertilizer structure, and sticky organic fertilizer is easily caused to block, and fertilizer effect is poor；Temporarily adjusted automatically without ditching depth
Regulating device, can not real-time detection and adjusting ditching depth.
Patent content
To solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machines.The present invention adopts
Improve fertilizer effect the problems such as can solve organic fertilizer fertilizer hardly possible and easily block with scraper-type fertilizer distributor；Increase ditching depth certainly
Dynamic regulating device, energy real-time detection simultaneously adjust ditching depth, improve tree body to the utilization rate of fertilizer；The present invention can be achieved duplicate rows and open
Ditch fertilising, organic fertilizer and fertilizer mixed applying, improve equipment operating efficiency.
A kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine, including rack, hitch frame, transmission mechanism, double-row ditching machine structure, fertilizer machine
Structure, transverse direction Shu Fei mechanism, Dao Fei mechanism, earthing shell and control mechanism.
The rack is made of centre frame, base manure tank tower, chemical fertilizer tank tower, fertilizer-conveying device frame, left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame；
It is mounted in the middle part of centre frame before and after the base manure tank tower and chemical fertilizer frame, the fertilizer-conveying device frame is located at base manure tank tower and chemical fertilizer tank tower
Between；The left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame are located at left and right sides of centre frame.
The hitch frame adjusts fulcrum by traction end, towing bracket, traction connector sleeve, traction and adjustment trombone slide is constituted.Institute
The main part that towing bracket is the hitch frame is stated, positioned at the center of hitch frame；The traction end is located at the traction
Bracket front, the traction connector sleeve are located at towing bracket rear portion, and traction connector sleeve is connected with the centre frame front lower portion；Institute
It states traction adjusting fulcrum and is located at towing bracket back upper place；Traction adjusts fulcrum and is connected with adjustment trombone slide one end, and adjustment trombone slide is another
It holds hinged with centre frame upper front end；The adjustment trombone slide is two-way bolt arrangement, adjusts trombone slide by rotation, adjusts hitch frame
With the relative angle of rack, keep rack holding horizontal by adjusting hitch frame.
The transmission mechanism includes main transmission box, left trench digging transmission case, right trench digging transmission case, fertilising transmission case, defeated fertilizer biography
Dynamic case and middle driving box；The main transmission box input terminal is connected with tractor dynamic power output end, and the main transmission box first is defeated
Outlet is connected with the left trench digging transmission case input terminal, and the main transmission box second output terminal and the right trench digging transmission case input
End is connected, and the main transmission box third output end is connected with the middle driving box input terminal, and the main transmission box the 4th exports
End is connected with the fertilising transmission case input terminal, and the middle driving box output end is connected with the lateral fertilizer apparatus, described
Fertilising the first, second output end of transmission case is connected with base manure fertilizer distributor and chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor respectively；The main transmission box peace
Mounted in rack front lower portion, the middle driving box is located at main transmission box upper left side.
The double-row ditching machine structure include left trench digging cutterhead, right trench digging cutterhead, left cutter plate driver axis, right cutter plate driver axis,
Ditching knife, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, left lateral adjustment mount, the right side
Lateral adjustment mount, left vertical adjustment bracket and right vertical adjustment bracket；Described left ditching knife disk drive shaft one end and the left side
Transmission case output end of ditching is connected, and the left ditching knife disk drive shaft other end is connected with left trench digging cutterhead；The left transverse hydraulic cylinder
One end is connected with left lateral adjustment mount, and the other end is connected with the left trench digging frame, passes through the telescopic adjustment of left transverse hydraulic cylinder
Left side trench digging distance；The left vertical adjustment bracket is mounted on the left trench digging transmission case upper back, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder
One end is connected with the left vertical adjustment bracket, and the other end is connected with the left trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through left longitudinal liquid
Ditching depth on the left of the telescopic adjustment of cylinder pressure；Described right ditching knife disk drive shaft one end and the right trench digging transmission case output end phase
Even, the other end is connected with the right trench digging cutterhead；Described right transverse hydraulic cylinder one end is connected with right lateral adjustment mount, the other end
It is connected with the right trench digging frame in the rack, passes through the telescopic adjustment right side opening ditch distance of right transverse hydraulic cylinder；The right longitudinal direction
Adjusting bracket is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case upper back, described right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end and the right vertical adjustment bracket
It is connected, the other end is connected with the right trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through the telescopic adjustment right side opening ditch depth of right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder
Degree；Ditching knife is uniformly installed respectively on the left trench digging cutterhead and right trench digging cutterhead.
The fertilizer mechanism includes base manure device and chemical fertilizer plant；The base manure device includes base manure case, O-shaped chain, fertilizer
Scraper plate, active base manure sprocket wheel and driven base manure sprocket wheel；The base manure case is mounted on the base manure tank tower；Base manure case is for placing
Organic fertilizer；Base manure bottom portion front and rear sides bilateral symmetry installs driven base manure sprocket wheel and active base manure sprocket wheel respectively；O-shaped chain passes through
Base manure case front side wall and rear wall ring set are on the active base manure sprocket wheel and driven base manure sprocket wheel of every side；The two O-shaped chains in left and right it
Between right angle setting fertilizer scraper plate at certain intervals；Base manure case rear wall bottom is exported equipped with base manure；Base manure outlet is located at laterally defeated
It send right above device；Fertilizer scraper plate and base manure outlet height are adjustable；O-shaped chain rotates counterclockwise, by base manure inside base manure case to
After be delivered to base manure outlet discharge, fall on respectively lower section left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt on；The active base manure sprocket wheel and institute
It states fertilising the first output end of transmission case to be connected, the rotation of active base manure sprocket wheel drives O-shaped chain, and then fertilizer scraper plate is driven to complete base manure
Fertilizer operation.
The chemical fertilizer plant includes chemical fertilizer case, left cagem type fertilizer apparatus, right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, chemical fertilizer delivery board, chemical fertilizer
Row fat sprocket and fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft；Chemical fertilizer case is for placing chemical fertilizer；The chemical fertilizer case is bilateral symmetry formula structure, chemical fertilizer case peace
On the chemical fertilizer tank tower at base manure case rear；Chemical fertilizer case front side wall bottom symmetrical is equipped with left and right two fertilizer-dropping holes；The left cage
Formula fertilizer apparatus is mounted on immediately below left fertilizer-dropping hole；The right cagem type fertilizer apparatus is mounted on immediately below right fertilizer-dropping hole；Each lower fertilizer
Mouth is all connected with a chemical fertilizer delivery board, and the chemical fertilizer delivery board other end is located at right above left conveyer belt or right conveyer belt；Left cagem type
Fertilizer apparatus and right cagem type fertilizer apparatus are connected by fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft with the chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket, chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket and institute
It states fertilising transmission case second output terminal to be connected, the rotation of chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket drives the rotation of fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft, and then drives left strand
Cage fertilizer apparatus and the work of right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, complete the operation of chemical fertilizer fertilizer.
The transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device includes left conveyer belt, right conveyer belt, left main drive roller, right main drive roller, left from transmission
It is roller, right from live-roller, front end panel and rear bearing sheet；The transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device is mounted on base manure fertilizer distributor and chemical fertilizer fertilizer
On fertilizer-conveying device frame immediately below between device；The defeated fertile transmission output respectively with left main drive roller and right main transmission
Roller is connected；Left main drive roller, right main drive roller, a left side are fixed from live-roller, the right side from live-roller by front end panel and rear bearing sheet
On the rack；The left conveyer belt ring set is in left main drive roller and a left side from live-roller；The right transmission send ring set in right main biography
Dynamic roller and the right side are from live-roller；Left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt are vertical with direction of advance respectively to symmetrically setting at left and right sides of rack
It sets；And rotation direction is opposite；Immediately below left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt are located between base manure outlet and fertilizer-dropping hole；Left main drive roller
It is rotated with right main drive roller, and then left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt is driven to rotation at left and right sides of rack, to complete defeated fertilizer respectively and make
Industry.
The Dao Fei mechanism includes fertilizer inlet, fertilizer-guiding plate and fertilizer outlet；The fertilizer-guiding plate upper and lower ends are respectively equipped with into fertilizer
Mouth and fertilizer outlet；The Dao Fei mechanism is divided into Zuo Daofei mechanism and You Daofei mechanism；The Zuo Daofei mechanism is mounted on the left side
Trench digging transmission case front, the You Daofei mechanism are mounted on the right trench digging transmission case front；The fertilizer inlet is located at a left side
Immediately below conveyer belt and right conveyer belt left and right ends outer rim, fertilizer outlet is located at trench digging cutterhead rear；The communicated band of fertilizer fall on into
Fertile mouth, falls into the ditch held successfully through fertilizer-guiding plate and fertilizer outlet.
The earthing shell includes left earthing shell and right earthing shell；The left earthing shell is mounted on the left trench digging transmission case two
Side, and be located above left trench digging cutterhead；The right earthing shell is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case two sides, and is located at right ditching knife
Above disk.When carrying out ditching-fertilizing operation, soil is rearward thrown through ditching knife, and fertilizer is fallen into ditch by fertilizer inlet at the same time,
The soil thrown completes earthing operation in the blocking of earthing shell drops down onto ditch next time.
The control mechanism include left-leaning angle transducer, Right deviation angle transducer, left position displacement sensor, right displacement sensor,
Single-chip microcontroller, relay, hydraulic valve and display module；Control device is located at complete machine front；The "Left"-deviationist angle transducer is mounted on energy
On the left trench digging transmission case of left lifting fulcrum (i.e. left trench digging transmission case and left vertical adjustment bracket tie point) rotation；The left side
Obliquity sensor input terminal and output end are connected with the first input end of the single-chip microcontroller and output end respectively；The Right deviation angle passes
Sensor, which is mounted on, to be passed around the right trench digging of right lifting fulcrum (i.e. right trench digging transmission case and right vertical adjustment bracket tie point) rotation
On dynamic case；The Right deviation angle transducer input terminal and output end respectively with the second input terminal of the single-chip microcontroller and output end phase
Even；The left position displacement sensor is mounted on the inside of the left lateral adjustment mount, for the left lateral adjustment mount of real-time detection
Moving distance；The left dislocation sensor input and output end respectively with the third input terminal of the single-chip microcontroller and output end phase
Even；The right displacement sensor is mounted on the inside of the right lateral adjustment mount, for the right lateral adjustment mount of real-time detection
Moving distance；The right displacement sensor input terminal and output end respectively with the 4th input terminal and output end phase of the single-chip microcontroller
Even；The input terminal and output end of the display module are connected with the 5th input terminal and output end of the single-chip microcontroller respectively；It is described
6th output end of single-chip microcontroller is connected with the input terminal of relay, and the output end of relay is connected with the hydraulic valve input terminal,
The hydraulic valve output end respectively with the left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder
It is connected, single-chip microcontroller receives the signal one of left-leaning angle transducer, Right deviation angle transducer, left position displacement sensor and right displacement sensor
Aspect is transferred to display module, on the other hand the adjusting of real-time display ditching depth and trench digging distance passes through control relay control
Make the adjusting that each hydraulic cylinder completes ditching depth and distance of ditching.
The invention further relates to a kind of duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing adjusting methods, and its step are as follows:
1, suitable ditching depth and trench digging distance are set according to fruit shape and the age of tree；Ditching depth and trench digging distance are adjusted
Method is as follows:
1) before ditching operation, ditching knife is first contacted into ground, school zero is carried out to each obliquity sensor and is handled.With cutterhead circle
Distance of the heart away from left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum is as rotary shaft, if rotation shaft length is L (unit: mm)；Rotary shaft with
Initial angle between ground is θ 1, and left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are H away from the horizontal plane1；When obliquity sensor from
When turning over angle, θ behind school zero, the angle on rotary shaft and ground is θ2, left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are away from the horizontal plane
H2, ditching depth H=H2-H1, wherein H2=L × sin θ2, H1=L × sin θ1, θ2=θ+θ1.According to the precision of obliquity sensor
And the upper and lower error amount of requirement setting H, corresponding ditching depth range H ' is obtained, and deep as default trench digging
Spend range.
If the vertical range for cutterhead distance of center circle rack middle line of ditching is c, left position displacement sensor or the detection of right displacement sensor
Left lateral adjustment mount or right lateral adjustment mount move horizontally distance by d (i.e. trench digging center line hanging down away from frame central line
Straight distance), then D=c+d obtains corresponding trench digging according to displacement sensor and the upper and lower error amount of requirement setting D
Distance range D ', and as default trench digging distance range.
2) when ditching operation, single-chip microcontroller real-time reception ditching depth H ", if H " is not interior in default ditching depth range H ', single
Piece machine passes through the flexible change ditching depth of each hydraulic cylinder push rod of solenoid valve control；If H " it is interior in default ditching depth value H ',
Ditching depth is constant.
3) when ditching operation, according to fruit tree line-spacing and fertilizer placement, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, is made
Elongation or shrink, so as to the fertilizer placement of needs apply fertilizer；Single-chip microcontroller real-time reception trench digging distance D ", if D " is not opened default
Ditch distance range D ' is interior, and single-chip microcontroller, which first passes through the flexible of solenoid valve control hydraulic cylinder push rod, makes ditching depth become 0, then controls liquid
Cylinder pressure push rod stretches, and changes trench digging distance to suitable range.If D, " interior in default trench digging distance value D ', trench digging distance is not
Become.
2, base manure and chemical fertilizer are put into base manure case and chemical fertilizer case respectively, open base manure case and/or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole；
3, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer are respectively under the action of base manure fertilizer scraper plate and chemical fertilizer fertilizer auger, through fertile under base manure case
Mouth and/or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole fall into lateral fertilizer-conveying device；
4, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer be under the conveying of lateral fertilizer-conveying device, falls into fertilizer applicator ditches through Dao Fei mechanism；
5, when ditching operation, soil rearward thrown through ditching knife, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer are fallen at the same time ditch in,
The soil thrown completes earthing operation in the blocking of earthing shell drops down onto ditch next time.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention can be carried out duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing operation, improve operating efficiency；It is able to achieve organic fertilizer and fertilizer mixed applying, is improved
Fertilization effect；Using scraper-type fertilizer structure, organic fertilizer is not easy to plug, and fertilizer effect is good；Increase ditching depth and trench digging simultaneously
It, can real-time detection and adjusting ditching depth, raising utilization rate of fertilizer and applicability apart from self-checking device.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is orchard intelligence duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine main view
Fig. 2 is orchard intelligence duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine top view
Fig. 3 is ditching depth measuring principle figure
Fig. 4 is ditching depth automatic principle of compensation figure
In figure: 1 hitch frame 2 adjusts under 3 transmission shaft of trombone slide, 4 rack, 58 chemical fertilizer case of row fat sprocket 6O type 7 base manure case of chain, 9 base manure
11 chemical fertilizer delivery board of fertile 10 fertilizer cage of mouth, 12 middle driving box, 13 You Daofei mechanism, the 14 right trench digging cutterhead 16 of right trailing bar 15 is opened
17 right 19 main transmission box of lateral adjustment mount, 20 wheel, 21 23 row of the right right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder of fertilizer-dropping hole 22 of right ditching device 18 of ditch knife
Fertile scraper plate.
Specific embodiment
A kind of orchard intelligence duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine, mainly by rack, hitch frame, transmission device, duplicate rows ditching device, base
Fertile fertilizer distributor, lateral fertilizer-conveying device, leads fertile device, covering device and control device composition at chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor.
The rack is made of centre frame, base manure tank tower, chemical fertilizer tank tower, fertilizer-conveying device frame, left trench digging frame, right trench digging frame,
For hollow tubular structure.The base manure tank tower is welded on the centre frame front upper part, after the chemical fertilizer tank tower is welded on centre frame
Top, the left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame are respectively welded at left and right sides of centre frame, and the fertilizer-conveying device frame is welded on described
Between base manure tank tower and chemical fertilizer tank tower.
The hitch frame adjusts fulcrum frame by traction end, towing bracket, traction connector sleeve, traction, adjustment trombone slide is constituted.Institute
It states traction end and is welded on the towing bracket front, the traction connector sleeve is welded on towing bracket rear portion, and traction connector sleeve is logical
It is hinged with the rack front lower portion to cross pin, the traction adjusting fulcrum frame is hinged by pin and described adjustment trombone slide one end, described
It is hinged by pin and rack front upper part to adjust the trombone slide other end, the adjustment trombone slide is two-way bolt arrangement, is adjusted by rotation
Trombone slide, and then adjust the relative position of hitch frame and rack.
The transmission device is driven by main transmission box, left trench digging transmission case, right trench digging transmission case, fertilising transmission case, defeated fertilizer
Case and middle driving box are constituted, and the main transmission box input terminal is connected by shaft coupling with tractor dynamic power output end, the master
The first output end of transmission case is connected by shaft coupling with the left trench digging transmission case input terminal, the main transmission box second output terminal
Be connected by shaft coupling with the right trench digging transmission case input terminal, the main transmission box third output end by chain conveyer with it is described
Middle driving box input terminal is connected, and the 4th output end of main transmission box passes through chain conveyer and the fertilising transmission case input terminal phase
Even, the middle driving box output end is connected by shaft coupling with the transverse direction fertilizer apparatus, the fertilising transmission case first, the
Two output ends pass through chain conveyer respectively and are connected with the base manure fertilizer distributor and chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor.
The duplicate rows ditching device by left trench digging cutterhead, right trench digging cutterhead, left cutter plate driver axis, right cutter plate driver axis, open
Ditch knife, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, left lateral adjustment mount, right cross
It is constituted to adjusting bracket, left vertical adjustment bracket, right vertical adjustment bracket, described left ditching knife disk drive shaft one end passes through spline
It is connected with the left trench digging transmission case output end, the other end is connected by bolt with the left trench digging cutterhead, the left lateral liquid
Cylinder pressure one end is connected by pin with left lateral adjustment mount, and the other end is connected by pin with the left trench digging frame in the rack, is led to
Distance of ditching on the left of the telescopic adjustment of left transverse hydraulic cylinder is crossed, the left vertical adjustment bracket is mounted on the left side by bolt and opens
Ditch transmission case upper back, described left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end are connected by pin with the left vertical adjustment bracket, and the other end passes through
Pin is connected with the left trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through ditching depth on the left of the telescopic adjustment of left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder；The right side
Ditching knife disk drive shaft one end is connected by spline with the right trench digging transmission case output end, and the other end passes through bolt and the right side
Cutterhead of ditching is connected；Described right transverse hydraulic cylinder one end is connected by pin with right lateral adjustment mount, and the other end passes through pin and institute
The right trench digging frame stated in rack is connected, and passes through the telescopic adjustment right side opening ditch distance of right transverse hydraulic cylinder；The right vertical adjustment
Bracket is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case upper back by bolt, and described right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end is vertical by pin and the right side
It is connected to adjusting bracket, the other end is connected by pin with the right trench digging transmission case rear lower, and stretching for right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is passed through
Contracting adjusts right side ditching depth；The ditching knife is uniformly mounted on the left and right trench digging cutterhead by bolt.
The base manure fertilizer distributor is mainly by base manure case, O-shaped chain, fertilizer scraper plate, active base manure sprocket wheel, driven base manure sprocket wheel
It constitutes, the base manure case is mounted on the base manure tank tower of the rack by bolt, and the pair of driven base manure sprocket wheel is mounted on
Base manure case front, the pair of active base manure sprocket wheel are mounted on base manure tank tower rear portion, and the pair of O-shaped chain of closed loop is separately mounted to
On a pair of of active base manure sprocket wheel and driven base manure sprocket wheel, the fertilizer scraper plate at certain intervals uniform welding the pair of O-shaped
Between chain.The active base manure sprocket wheel is connected by chain conveyer with the first output end of the fertilising transmission case, active base manure sprocket wheel
Rotation drives O-shaped chain, and then fertilizer scraper plate is driven to complete the operation of base manure fertilizer.
The chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor is mainly conveyed by chemical fertilizer case, left cagem type fertilizer apparatus, right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, chemical fertilizer
Plate, chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket, fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft are constituted, and the chemical fertilizer case is left and right sides symmetrical structure, are installed by bolt
On the chemical fertilizer tank tower of the rack, there are left and right two defertilizing openings in chemical fertilizer bottom portion, and the left cagem type fertilizer apparatus is mounted on institute
It states immediately below left fertilizer-dropping hole, the right cagem type fertilizer apparatus is mounted on immediately below the right fertilizer-dropping hole, the chemical fertilizer delivery board one
End is connected with defertilizing opening, and the other end is connected with lateral fertilizer-conveying device.The fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft is arranged by flat key and the chemical fertilizer
Fertile sprocket wheel is connected, and chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket is connected by chain conveyer with the fertilising transmission case second output terminal, chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket
Rotation drives the rotation of fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft, and then drives left cagem type fertilizer apparatus and the work of right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, completes chemical fertilizer
Fertilizer operation.
The transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device by left conveyer belt, right conveyer belt, left main drive roller, right main drive roller, it is left from live-roller,
The right side is constituted from live-roller, front end panel, rear bearing sheet, and the transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device is mounted on the defeated fertilizer of the rack by bolt
On device frame, the defeated fertile transmission output is connected by universal joint with the left and right main drive roller, left main drive roller,
Right main drive roller, a left side are connected from live-roller by bearing with the front end panel and rear bearing sheet from live-roller and the right side, described
Left Drive, which is sent, is mounted on left main drive roller, a left side from live-roller, and the right transmission, which is sent, is mounted on right main drive roller and the right side from transmission
On roller, left and right main transmission rotation, and then left and right conveyer belt rotation is driven, complete defeated fertile operation.
Described to lead that fertile device by a left side leads fertile device, the right side is led fertile device and constituted, the left side, which leads fertile device and is mounted on the left side, opens
Ditch transmission case front, the right side lead fertile device and are mounted on the right trench digging transmission case front, described left and right to lead fertile device fertilizer inlet
It is connected respectively with the left and right conveyer belt outer rim of the lateral fertilizer-conveying device, the communicated band of fertilizer, which is fallen into, leads fertile device.
The covering device is made of left covering device, right covering device, and the left covering device is mounted on the left side and opens
Ditch transmission case two sides, and be located above left trench digging cutterhead；The right covering device is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case two sides, and
Above right trench digging cutterhead.When carrying out ditching-fertilizing operation, soil is rearward thrown through ditching knife, and fertilizer is by leading fertilizer at the same time
Mechanism is fallen into ditch, and soil is got on covering device, and is dropped back into and ditched, and completes earthing operation.
The control device is made of left-leaning angle transducer, Right deviation angle transducer, single-chip microcontroller, relay, display module, institute
State the side that left-leaning angle transducer is mounted on the left trench digging transmission case that can be rotated around the left lifting fulcrum by bolt, the left side
Obliquity sensor input terminal and output end are connected with the first input of the single-chip microcontroller, output end, and the Right deviation angle transducer is defeated
Enter the second input of end and output end and the single-chip microcontroller, output end is connected, the input terminal and output end of the display module and
The third input of the single-chip microcontroller, output end are connected, and the 4th output end of the single-chip microcontroller is connected with the input terminal of relay, after
The output end of electric appliance is connected with the hydraulic valve input terminal, the hydraulic valve output end respectively with the left transverse hydraulic cylinder, the right side
Transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder are connected, and single-chip microcontroller receives the signal one of left and right obliquity sensor
Aspect is transferred to display module, on the other hand real-time display ditching depth is controlled hydraulic by the switch of control relay
Valve is cut-off, and then controls hydraulic cylinder movement, completes the adjusting of ditching depth.
The invention further relates to a kind of whole fertilising adjusting methods, and its step are as follows:
1, suitable ditching depth and trench digging distance are set according to fruit shape and the age of tree；The ditching depth and trench digging away from
It is as follows from adjusting method:
1) before ditching operation, ditching knife is first contacted into ground, school zero is carried out to each obliquity sensor and is handled.With cutterhead circle
Distance of the heart away from left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum is as rotary shaft, if rotation shaft length is L (unit: mm)；Rotary shaft with
Initial angle between ground is θ 1, and left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are H away from the horizontal plane1；When obliquity sensor from
When turning over angle, θ behind school zero, the angle on rotary shaft and ground is θ2, left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are away from the horizontal plane
H2, ditching depth H=H2-H1, wherein H2=L × sin θ2, H1=L × sin θ1, θ2=θ+θ1.According to the precision of obliquity sensor
And the upper and lower error amount of requirement setting H, corresponding ditching depth range H ' is obtained, and deep as default trench digging
Spend range.
If the vertical range of trench digging cutterhead distance of center circle rack middle line (i.e. center line of rack or so width along direction of advance)
For c, displacement sensor detects left lateral adjustment mount or right lateral adjustment mount moves horizontally distance by d (in ditching
The vertical range of heart line-spacing frame central line), then D=c+d, the upper and lower error of D is set according to displacement sensor and requirement
Value, obtains corresponding trench digging distance range D ', and as default trench digging distance range.
2) when ditching operation, single-chip microcontroller real-time reception ditching depth H ", if H " is not interior in default ditching depth range H ', single
Piece machine passes through the flexible change ditching depth of each hydraulic cylinder push rod of solenoid valve control；If H " it is interior in default ditching depth value H ',
Ditching depth is constant.
3) when ditching operation, according to fruit tree line-spacing and fertilizer placement, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, is made
Extend or shrink, so as to correct fertilizer placement apply fertilizer；Single-chip microcontroller real-time reception trench digging distance D ", if D " not default
Ditching, distance range D ' is interior, and single-chip microcontroller, which first passes through the flexible of solenoid valve control hydraulic cylinder push rod, makes ditching depth become 0, rear to control
Hydraulic cylinder push rod stretches, and changes trench digging distance to suitable range.", the ditch distance interior in default trench digging distance value D ' if D
It is constant.
2, base manure and chemical fertilizer are put into base manure case and chemical fertilizer case respectively, open base manure case and/or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole；
3, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer are respectively under the action of base manure fertilizer scraper plate and chemical fertilizer fertilizer auger, through fertile under base manure case
Mouth and/or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole fall into lateral fertilizer-conveying device；
4, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer be under the conveying of lateral fertilizer-conveying device, falls into fertilizer applicator ditches through Dao Fei mechanism；
5, when ditching operation, soil rearward thrown through ditching knife, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer are fallen at the same time ditch in,
The soil thrown completes earthing operation in the blocking of earthing shell drops down onto ditch next time.
The unit of above-mentioned each numerical value is equal are as follows: millimeter (mm).
Claims (5)
1. a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine, which is characterized in that including rack, hitch frame, transmission mechanism, double-row ditching machine
Structure, fertilizer mechanism, transverse direction Shu Fei mechanism, Dao Fei mechanism, earthing shell and control mechanism；
The rack is made of centre frame, base manure tank tower, chemical fertilizer tank tower, fertilizer-conveying device frame, left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame；It is described
Be mounted on before and after base manure tank tower and chemical fertilizer frame in the middle part of centre frame, the fertilizer-conveying device frame be located at base manure tank tower and chemical fertilizer tank tower it
Between；The left trench digging frame and right trench digging frame are located at left and right sides of centre frame；
The hitch frame adjusts fulcrum by traction end, towing bracket, traction connector sleeve, traction and adjustment trombone slide is constituted；It is described to lead
Draw the center that bracket is located at hitch frame；The traction end is located at the towing bracket front, and the traction connector sleeve is located at
Towing bracket rear portion, traction connector sleeve are connected with the centre frame front lower portion；The traction adjusts fulcrum and is located at towing bracket
Back upper place；Traction adjusts fulcrum and is connected with adjustment trombone slide one end, adjusts the trombone slide other end and centre frame upper front end is hinged；It is described
Adjustment trombone slide is two-way bolt arrangement, adjusts trombone slide by rotation, the relative angle of hitch frame and rack is adjusted, by adjusting leading
Drawing frame keeps rack holding horizontal；
The transmission mechanism includes main transmission box, left trench digging transmission case, right trench digging transmission case, fertilising transmission case, defeated fertile transmission case
And middle driving box；The main transmission box input terminal is connected with tractor dynamic power output end, first output end of main transmission box
It is connected with the left trench digging transmission case input terminal, the main transmission box second output terminal and the right trench digging transmission case input terminal phase
Even, the main transmission box third output end is connected with the middle driving box input terminal, the 4th output end of main transmission box and
The fertilising transmission case input terminal is connected, and the middle driving box output end is connected with the lateral fertilizer apparatus, the fertilising
The first, second output end of transmission case is connected with base manure fertilizer distributor and chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor respectively；The main transmission box is mounted on
Rack front lower portion, the middle driving box are located at main transmission box upper left side；
The double-row ditching machine structure includes left trench digging cutterhead, right trench digging cutterhead, left cutter plate driver axis, right cutter plate driver axis, trench digging
Knife, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, left lateral adjustment mount, right transverse direction
Adjusting bracket, left vertical adjustment bracket and right vertical adjustment bracket；Described left ditching knife disk drive shaft one end and the left trench digging
Transmission case output end is connected, and the left ditching knife disk drive shaft other end is connected with left trench digging cutterhead；Described left transverse hydraulic cylinder one end
It is connected with left lateral adjustment mount, the other end is connected with the left trench digging frame, on the left of the telescopic adjustment of left transverse hydraulic cylinder
Trench digging distance；The left vertical adjustment bracket is mounted on the left trench digging transmission case upper back, described left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end
It is connected with the left vertical adjustment bracket, the other end is connected with the left trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder
Telescopic adjustment on the left of ditching depth；Described right ditching knife disk drive shaft one end is connected with the right trench digging transmission case output end,
The other end is connected with the right trench digging cutterhead；Described right transverse hydraulic cylinder one end is connected with right lateral adjustment mount, the other end with
Right trench digging frame in the rack is connected, and passes through the telescopic adjustment right side opening ditch distance of right transverse hydraulic cylinder；Right longitudinal tune
Section bracket is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case upper back, described right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder one end and the right vertical adjustment bracket phase
Even, the other end is connected with the right trench digging transmission case rear lower, passes through ditching depth on the right side of the telescopic adjustment of right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder；
The fertilizer mechanism includes base manure device and chemical fertilizer plant；The base manure device include base manure case, O-shaped chain, fertilizer scraper plate,
Active base manure sprocket wheel and driven base manure sprocket wheel；The base manure case is mounted on the base manure tank tower；Base manure case is organic for placing
Fertilizer；Base manure bottom portion front and rear sides bilateral symmetry installs driven base manure sprocket wheel and active base manure sprocket wheel respectively；O-shaped chain passes through base manure
Case front side wall and rear wall ring set are on the active base manure sprocket wheel and driven base manure sprocket wheel of every side；O-shaped chain rotates counterclockwise, by base
Base manure is delivered to base manure outlet discharge backward inside fertilizer box, is fallen on the left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt of lower section respectively；The master
Dynamic base manure sprocket wheel is connected with the first output end of the fertilising transmission case, and the rotation of active base manure sprocket wheel drives O-shaped chain, and then the row of drive
Fertile scraper plate completes the operation of base manure fertilizer；
The chemical fertilizer plant includes chemical fertilizer case, left cagem type fertilizer apparatus, right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, chemical fertilizer delivery board, chemical fertilizer fertilizer
Sprocket wheel and fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft；Chemical fertilizer case is for placing chemical fertilizer；The chemical fertilizer case is bilateral symmetry formula structure, and chemical fertilizer case is mounted on
On the chemical fertilizer tank tower at base manure case rear；Chemical fertilizer case front side wall bottom symmetrical is equipped with left and right two fertilizer-dropping holes；The left cagem type row
Fertile device is mounted on immediately below left fertilizer-dropping hole；The right cagem type fertilizer apparatus is mounted on immediately below right fertilizer-dropping hole；Each fertilizer-dropping hole is equal
A chemical fertilizer delivery board is connected, the chemical fertilizer delivery board other end is located at right above left conveyer belt or right conveyer belt；Left cagem type fertilizer
Device and right cagem type fertilizer apparatus are connected by fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft with the chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket, and chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket is applied with described
Fertile transmission case second output terminal is connected, and the rotation of chemical fertilizer row fat sprocket drives the rotation of fertilizer apparatus transmission shaft, and then drives left cagem type
Fertilizer apparatus and the work of right cagem type fertilizer apparatus, complete the operation of chemical fertilizer fertilizer；
The transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device includes left conveyer belt, right conveyer belt, left main drive roller, right main drive roller, left from live-roller, the right side
From live-roller, front end panel and rear bearing sheet；The transverse direction fertilizer-conveying device is mounted on base manure fertilizer distributor and chemical fertilizer fertilizer distributor
Between immediately below fertilizer-conveying device frame on；The defeated fertile transmission output respectively with left main drive roller and right main drive roller phase
Even；Left main drive roller, right main drive roller, a left side are fixed on machine from live-roller by front end panel and rear bearing sheet from live-roller, the right side
On frame；The left conveyer belt ring set is in left main drive roller and a left side from live-roller；The right transmission send ring set in right main drive roller
With the right side from live-roller；Left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt are vertical with direction of advance arranged symmetrically to the rack left and right sides respectively；And
Rotation direction is opposite；Immediately below left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt are located between base manure outlet and fertilizer-dropping hole；Left main drive roller and the right side
Main drive roller rotation, and then left conveyer belt and right conveyer belt is driven to rotation at left and right sides of rack, to complete defeated fertile operation respectively；
The Dao Fei mechanism includes fertilizer inlet, fertilizer-guiding plate and fertilizer outlet；The fertilizer-guiding plate upper and lower ends be respectively equipped with fertilizer inlet and
Fertilizer outlet；The Dao Fei mechanism is divided into Zuo Daofei mechanism and You Daofei mechanism；The Zuo Daofei mechanism is mounted on the left trench digging
Transmission case front, the You Daofei mechanism are mounted on the right trench digging transmission case front；The fertilizer inlet is located at left transmission
Immediately below band and right conveyer belt left and right ends outer rim, fertilizer outlet is located at trench digging cutterhead rear；The communicated band of fertilizer falls on fertilizer inlet,
It is fallen into the ditch held successfully through fertilizer-guiding plate and fertilizer outlet；
The earthing shell includes left earthing shell and right earthing shell；The left earthing shell is mounted on the left trench digging transmission case two sides,
And it is located above left trench digging cutterhead；The right earthing shell is mounted on the right trench digging transmission case two sides, and is located at right trench digging cutterhead
Top；When carrying out ditching-fertilizing operation, soil is rearward thrown through ditching knife, and fertilizer is fallen into ditch by fertilizer inlet at the same time, is thrown
The soil risen completes earthing operation in the blocking of earthing shell drops down onto ditch next time；
The control mechanism includes left-leaning angle transducer, Right deviation angle transducer, left position displacement sensor, right displacement sensor, monolithic
Machine, relay, hydraulic valve and display module；Control device is located at complete machine front；The "Left"-deviationist angle transducer is mounted on can be around a left side
It ditches on the left trench digging transmission case that transmission case and left vertical adjustment bracket tie point rotate；It is described "Left"-deviationist angle transducer input terminal and
Output end is connected with the first input end of the single-chip microcontroller and output end respectively；The Right deviation angle transducer is mounted on and can open around the right side
On ditch transmission case and the right trench digging transmission case of right vertical adjustment bracket tie point rotation；The Right deviation angle transducer input terminal and defeated
Outlet is connected with the second input terminal and output end of the single-chip microcontroller respectively；The left position displacement sensor is mounted on the left transverse direction
On the inside of adjusting bracket, the moving distance for the left lateral adjustment mount of real-time detection；The left dislocation sensor input and defeated
Outlet is connected with the third input terminal and output end of the single-chip microcontroller respectively；The right displacement sensor is mounted on the right transverse direction
On the inside of adjusting bracket, the moving distance for the right lateral adjustment mount of real-time detection；The right displacement sensor input terminal and defeated
Outlet is connected with the 4th input terminal and output end of the single-chip microcontroller respectively；The input terminal and output end of the display module are distinguished
It is connected with the 5th input terminal and output end of the single-chip microcontroller；The input terminal phase of the 6th output end and relay of the single-chip microcontroller
Even, the output end of relay is connected with the hydraulic valve input terminal, the hydraulic valve output end respectively with the left transverse hydraulic
Cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder, left longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, right longitudinal hydraulic cylinder are connected, and single-chip microcontroller controls each hydraulic cylinder by relay
Complete the adjusting of ditching depth and distance of ditching.
2. a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that left trench digging cutterhead and right ditching knife
Ditching knife is uniformly installed respectively on disk.
3. a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that between the two O-shaped chains in left and right with
Certain intervals right angle setting fertilizer scraper plate；Fertilizer blade height is adjustable.
4. a kind of orchard duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing machine as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the base manure case rear wall bottom
It is exported equipped with base manure；Base manure outlet is located at right above cross conveyor；Base manure outlet height is adjustable.
5. a kind of duplicate rows ditching-fertilizing adjusting method as described in claim 1 is to utilize fertilizer applicator as described in claim 1
It realizes, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
1) suitable ditching depth and trench digging distance are set according to fruit shape and the age of tree；Ditching depth and trench digging are apart from adjusting method
It is as follows:
A) before ditching operation, ditching knife is first contacted into ground, school zero is carried out to each obliquity sensor and is handled；With cutterhead distance of center circle
The distance of left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum is as rotary shaft, if rotation shaft length is L；It is initial between rotary shaft and ground
Angle is θ 1, and left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are H away from the horizontal plane1；Angle, θ is turned over after obliquity sensor self-correcting zero
When, the angle on rotary shaft and ground is θ2, left lifting fulcrum or right lifting fulcrum are H away from the horizontal plane2, ditching depth H=
H2-H1, wherein H2=L × sin θ2, H1=L × sin θ1, θ2=θ+θ1；H is set according to the precision of obliquity sensor and requirement
Upper and lower error amount, obtain corresponding ditching depth range H ', and as default ditching depth range；
If the vertical range for cutterhead distance of center circle rack middle line of ditching is c, left position displacement sensor or right displacement sensor detect left cross
Moving horizontally distance to adjusting bracket or right lateral adjustment mount is d, then D=c+d, sets according to displacement sensor and requirement
The upper and lower error amount for determining D obtains corresponding trench digging distance range D ', and as default trench digging distance range；
B) when ditching operation, single-chip microcontroller real-time reception ditching depth H ", if H " is not interior in default ditching depth range H ', single-chip microcontroller
Pass through the flexible change ditching depth of each hydraulic cylinder push rod of solenoid valve control；", the trench digging interior in default ditching depth value H ' if H
Depth is constant；
C) when ditching operation, according to fruit tree line-spacing and fertilizer placement, left transverse hydraulic cylinder, right transverse hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, is allowed to stretch
Long or contraction is applied fertilizer in the fertilizer placement of needs；Single-chip microcontroller real-time reception trench digging distance D ", if D " is not in default trench digging apart from model
Enclose that D ' is interior, single-chip microcontroller, which first passes through the flexible of solenoid valve control hydraulic cylinder push rod, makes ditching depth become 0, then controls hydraulic cylinder push rod
It is flexible, change trench digging distance to suitable range；If D " it is interior in default trench digging distance value D ', it ditches apart from constant；
2) base manure and chemical fertilizer are put into base manure case and chemical fertilizer case respectively, open base manure case and/or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole；
3) base manure and/or chemical fertilizer be respectively under the action of base manure fertilizer scraper plate and chemical fertilizer fertilizer auger, through base manure case fertilizer-dropping hole and/
Or chemical fertilizer case fertilizer-dropping hole falls into lateral fertilizer-conveying device；
4) base manure and/or chemical fertilizer be under the conveying of lateral fertilizer-conveying device, falls into fertilizer applicator ditches through Dao Fei mechanism；
5) when ditching operation, soil rearward thrown through ditching knife, base manure and/or chemical fertilizer are fallen at the same time ditch in, throw
Soil in the blocking of earthing shell drops down onto ditch next time, completion earthing operation.
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| CN201910102616.2A CN109601067B (en) | 2019-02-01 | 2019-02-01 | Orchard double-row ditching fertilizer distributor |
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