CN106899665A - Remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN106899665A CN106899665A CN201710086787.1A CN201710086787A CN106899665A CN 106899665 A CN106899665 A CN 106899665A CN 201710086787 A CN201710086787 A CN 201710086787A CN 106899665 A CN106899665 A CN 106899665A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
- H04L67/025—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP] for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/12—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network, including sensor node, gateway node, base station, remote terminal, self-contained electric system, alarm.The sensor node includes sensor assembly, processor module, wireless communication module and energy supply module.The gateway node includes CPU, memory cell, RF receiving and transmission module, GPRS communication modules and data acquisition module.The base station includes aggregation node and a computer that can be connected into Internet, and both are connected by USB interface with emulator.The remote terminal can be the equipment for being connected into Internet.The self-contained electric system includes solar panel, controller and battery.System architecture of the present invention is simple, easy for installation, energy consumption is small, operating cost is low, and temperature that can effectively to ancient building, humidity and smokescope carry out remote monitor in real time, and timely and effectively monitoring and early warning are made to fire disaster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless sensor network and historic building conservation technical field, wireless sensor network is based especially on
Remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system.
Background technology
Chinese ancient architecture establishes one's own system in world architecture, forms intrinsic artistic style and structural feature.And,
Architectural culture in the world without which nationality as China, before modern times western architecture east is gradually, so very longly
It is keen to civil structure and its group combination.China's ancient building is based on timber structural system.The advantage of timber structural system is a lot：Such as
Enclosed structure and supporting construction phases separation, anti-seismic performance higher, convenient material drawing, speed of application are soon etc.；Timber structure also has simultaneously
Many shortcomings：It is subject to fire, termite erosion, raindrop erosion etc..According to statistics, to the destructive maximum of wood-structure old building just
It is fire, fire once occurs, if without finding in time, often causing ancient building to wrack, or even have some casualties.
Similar example such as key historical sites under state protection-Xi'an City, Shanxi Province Forest of Steles Dacheng Palace be subjected to thunderbolt it is on fire ruined, in hall
263 historical relics are also burned out.The Laoshan White_cloud Cave mausoleum of Qingdao City, the Wang Dian of Jiuhuashan ten in Anhui Province, Hebei province Chengde it is general
Temple etc. being helped, all once heavy losses is caused because there is fire.China has substantial amounts of ancient building to be distributed in the remote ground of comparing
Side, protection personnel depaly is few, occurs to be difficult during fire to find and make effectively treatment in time.Even in the ancient architecture of developed regions
Build, various safeguard measures are complete, when the intensity of a fire is smaller, it is also difficult to artificially note abnormalities.As can be seen here, ancient building environment is made
It is more reliable, timely monitor, it is ensured that the very first time finds dangerous situation and to make timely and effectively treatment measures be very necessary.
The sensor device of traditional monitoring system is communicated by cable, and laying cable can expend mint of money
And the time, it is uneconomical and be easily damaged.Wireless sensor network is to use radio communication, can be very good to ensure data monitoring
Real-time, along with the application of base station, aggregation node with can access Internet computer pass through USB interface and emulator
Connection, can at any time change and issue control instruction, and the data that will be collected into upload to the computer that can access Internet
Up to central database, facilitates the inquiry and control of various remote terminals, can greatly open up the distance of monitoring long, especially can be with
To some, ancient building from far-off regions accomplishes unified monitoring, cost savings human cost and financial cost, makes the utilization of resources
Maximize.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning based on wireless sensor network
System, can include unification monitor supervision platform by the ancient building of remote districts, realize temperature inside remote monitor ancient building, wet
Degree and smokescope, if any abnormal early warning immediately, reach effective monitoring fire, the purpose of protection ancient building.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network, including sensor node,
Gateway node, base station, remote terminal, electric power system, early warning system；
Sensor node includes sensor assembly, processor module, wireless communication module and energy supply module, processor
Module is connected with sensor assembly, wireless communication module and energy supply module respectively；
Gateway node includes CPU, memory cell, RF receiving and transmission module, GPRS communication modules and data acquisition
Module, gateway node is communicated by wireless communication mode with sensor node, and data are received and sent to sensor node；
Base station includes aggregation node and a computer that can be connected into Internet, and both pass through USB interface and emulation
Device is connected.By USB interface and emulator from the incoming aggregation node of computer, aggregation node passes through for the issue of control instruction etc.
Wireless communication mode is communicated with gateway node, is received data to gateway node and is sent control instruction；
Remote terminal, for the data after final fusion treatment are updated and are shown；
Electric power system includes self-contained electric system and emergency service device, and self-contained electric system is used for sensor node, gateway
Node and aggregation node carry out conventional electron, and emergency service device is used for the emergency service of emergency situations, is that sensor network is carried
For uninterruptible power；
Early warning system is according to the early warning for being divided into Three Estate different with smokescope of the temperature, humidity that specifically monitor, report
Alert device also shows different color early warning respectively.
The self-contained electric system, including solar panel, controller and battery, the device are turned by gathering solar energy
Electric energy is changed to be powered node.
The emergency service device includes battery case and two section No.5 cells.
The early warning system includes Three Estate, is respectively yellow early warning, orange early warning and red early warning, if monitored
Temperature be less than threshold value higher than threshold value or humidity, make yellow early warning；If the smokescope for monitoring exceedes threshold value, orange is made
Color early warning；If exception all occur in the temperature for monitoring, humidity and smokescope, red early warning is made.
The remote terminal can be the equipment for being connected into Internet, and user can be monitored by remote terminal with real time inspection
Data message and issue control instruction can set threshold value of warning, downloading data to base station, according to remote terminal not
Together, be divided into PC ends and mobile terminal, graphic user interface is write in PC ends by Software for Design such as Labview, mobile terminal be
Under Andriod systems software is write using Java language.
The important component of the sensor node is to support that newest Zigbee protocol-ZigBee2007's is public by TI
Take charge of the CC2530 chips of production, its integrated monolithic machine, ADC and wireless communication module in one, wherein, the single-chip microcomputer is a kind of
8 8051 microcontroller cores of enhanced industrial standard, the kernel of the wireless communication module meets IEEE802.115.4/
Zigbee protocol, supports CRC hardware checks.
The sensor assembly includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor and Smoke Sensor.
The monitoring data is temperature, humidity and smokescope.
The topological structure of described wireless sensor network is star-like, tree-shaped or net structure.
The present invention realizes the remote monitor to ancient building internal temperature, humidity and smokescope, makes to ancient building
The limitation in space has been broken away from fire hazard monitoring early warning, and range of application is wider；Monitoring system simple structure, it is easy for installation；With wired skill
Art is compared, and wireless sensor network increases or changes node and is easier to respect to table, and the expansion of whole network is strong, is also easy to dimension
Shield；Node deployment need monitoring ancient building region, and node can self-organizing formation network, installation cost is low, week
Phase is short；Sensor node only can just be waken up in gathered data and transmission data, and remaining time is all in resting state, energy
Consumption is small, and operating cost is low；System early warning is divided into yellow, orange, red three-level early warning, facilitates staff for different abnormal feelings
Condition is made corresponding with targetedly processing；Power supply module uses self-powered form, without exhausted dangerous, solar energy hair
It is electric clean nuisanceless, do not limited by resource distribution region, can nearby be generated electricity at electricity consumption, energy quality is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structure chart of the invention；
A sensor nodes；B gateway nodes；C monitor areas；D base stations；E remote terminals；
Fig. 2 is sensor of the invention node structure figure；
Fig. 3 is gateway node structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 4 is network topology structure figure of the invention；
A hub-and-spoke configurations；B net structures；C tree structures；The router of telegon zero or terminal node；
Fig. 5 is power management process figure of the invention；
Fig. 6 is self-powered energy supply module structure chart of the invention；
Fig. 7 is monitoring and early warning flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network, including pass
Sensor node, gateway node, base station, remote terminal.It is distributed in ancient building regional monitoring temperature, humidity and smokescope
Sensor node and gateway node can form network with self-organizing.As shown in Fig. 2 sensor node includes sensor assembly, place
Reason device module, wireless communication module and energy supply module.As shown in figure 3, gateway node includes that CPU, storage are single
Unit, RF receiving and transmission module, GPRS communication modules and data acquisition module.Base station includes completing the node and of tidal data recovering
Platform can be connected into the computer of Internet, and both are connected by USB interface with emulator.Remote terminal can be to be connected into
The equipment of Internet, such as smart mobile phone, panel computer, notebook computer, desktop computer.
As shown in figure 4, the topological structure of wireless sensor network is star-like, tree-shaped or net structure.Hub-and-spoke configuration
Wireless sensor network is responsible for processing data transfer and the operation of whole network by Special central service node；Tree
Wireless sensor network has certain fault-tolerant ability, and the failure of a general branch and node does not influence another branch and node
Work, be broadcast type network；It is right that the wireless sensor network of network structure can be realized putting between each sensor node of network
The transmission of point.Which kind of, specifically using the topological structure of mode, it is determined on a case-by-case basis, it would however also be possible to employ various mixed types
Structure.If ancient building internal area is less, hub-and-spoke configuration can be used, gateway node at this moment and sensor node are one
Data transfer can be just completed in the range of jump.Otherwise it is contemplated that tree structure or net structure, part now senses
Device node can simultaneously undertake the function of routing node.Routing node can first determine whether whether next-hop is net when being communicated
Artis, if being just done directly transmission data；If it is not, will continue to be communicated with the routing node of next-hop, until
Untill being sent to gateway node.
It is close in monitor area using suitable network topology structure according to actual ancient building internal structural space situation
The substantial amounts of sensor node of collection arrangement, sensor node can form a multihop network, each sensor node with self-organizing
There is a specific ID.And, the frequency acquisition of sensor node can be manually set, such as initial acquisition frequency can set
It is set to every 10s collections once.As shown in figure 5, sensor node only can just be waken up in gathered data and transmission data,
Remaining time, energy consumption was low, and operating cost is low all in resting state.Temperature in ancient building, humidity and smokescope letter are gathered
Data are sent to gateway node after breath, and the node in sensors edges must be sent out by other nodes to gateway node
Send data.Each monitor area inside ancient building, can all have a gateway node be responsible for collect owned by the region
The data that sensor node sends.
Connected by transmission network between gateway node and base station, all of gateway node can all be connected to the transmission on upper strata
In network, ancient building internal temperature, humidity and smokescope that then will collect are sent to the aggregation node of base station, converge section
Point is connected by USB interface and emulator with the computer that can be connected into Internet of base station, is transferred data on computer.And
And, the issue of control instruction etc. is also by USB interface and emulator from the incoming aggregation node of computer, and then incoming gateway section
Point, untill incoming end sensor node completes control instruction.Transmission network has multiple nothings of UPS supply
Line communication node, there is provided the communication bandwidth between gateway node and base station, it is ensured that the reliable communications between gateway node and base station
Property.The all data is activations being collected into Internet are sent to a central database, in by base station by Internet
Heart database provides remote date transmission.And, the data that base station will can also be collected into are saved in local data base.It is all
The RTU (such as mobile phone, notebook) of Internet can be connected into can be accessed central database and be sent out to base station
The various orders of cloth.
The energy supply module of sensor node uses self-powered form, i.e., generated electricity by solar panel and powered, nothing
It is exhausted dangerous.Solar power generation is totally nuisanceless, is not limited by resource distribution region, can nearby be generated electricity at electricity consumption, the energy
Quality is high.Self-powered energy supply module includes solar panel, controller and battery, and wherein solar panel is used
In generating, controller is used for the management to accumulator cell charging and discharging, and the discharge and recharge on night and daytime is selected.Controller and node
Between by USB interface connect, the voltage of 5v can be exported to node, meet node need of work.Battery fills for daytime
Electricity and night electric discharge, it is ensured that the UPS supply of node.Specific embodiment is as shown in fig. 6, controller elder generation and battery
Connection, controller can be started working after automatic identification battery tension, and then controller is connected with solar panel, this
Sample, battery can store the electric energy from solar panel by controller.Finally, controller is by USB interface and section
Point load connection, battery exports 5v voltages to node load by controller.
Monitoring early-warning system in advance to institute monitoring data temperature, humidity and smokescope given threshold, if implementing monitoring
These data exceed default threshold value, that will make early warning treatment, remind staff have abnormal conditions.According to reality
Each data exception situation in border is different, and early warning is divided into Three Estate：If the temperature for monitoring is less than threshold higher than threshold value or humidity
Value, makes yellow early warning, illustrate now dry weather, hot abnormal, is susceptible to fire, remind staff to note going on patrol,
Strictly patrol, it is to avoid fire occurs；If the smokescope for monitoring exceedes threshold value, orange early warning is made, illustrate that now pole has
Fire may be had occurred and that, and the intensity of a fire is smaller, it is necessary to immediately treat；If the temperature for monitoring, humidity and smokescope all go out
It is now abnormal, red early warning is made, illustrate now to have occurred and that fire, and also the intensity of a fire is larger, it is necessary to respective handling is made immediately.Three
The setting of level early warning, is easy to staff to be made for different abnormal conditions corresponding with targetedly processing.Early warning
Workflow is as shown in fig. 7, whether temperature, humidity and smokescope for collecting, first detection temperature exceed threshold value, wet
Whether whether degree be higher than threshold value less than threshold value, smokescope, if this three occurs simultaneously, makes red early warning.If three
At least one does not occur in person, then perform next step, i.e., whether detection humiture and smokescope are abnormal respectively, the two rings
Section is that parallel synchronous are carried out.If detecting smokescope more than threshold value, orange early warning is made；If detecting temperature to exceed
Threshold value or humidity are less than threshold value, then make yellow early warning；If through individually detecting that latter two link does not all have abnormal,
Illustrate not finding the condition of a fire, all go well, early warning treatment is not made, return to initial point and detect again.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterised in that：Including passing
Sensor node, gateway node, base station, remote terminal, electric power system, early warning system；
Sensor node includes sensor assembly, processor module, wireless communication module and energy supply module, processor module
It is connected with sensor assembly, wireless communication module and energy supply module respectively；
Gateway node includes CPU, memory cell, RF receiving and transmission module, GPRS communication modules and data acquisition module
Block, gateway node is communicated by wireless communication mode with sensor node, and data are received and sent to sensor node；
Base station includes aggregation node and a computer that can be connected into Internet, and both pass through USB interface and emulator phase
By USB interface and emulator from the incoming aggregation node of computer, aggregation node is by wireless for the issue of connection, control instruction etc.
Communication modes are communicated with gateway node, are received data to gateway node and are sent control instruction；
Remote terminal, for the data after final fusion treatment are updated and are shown；
Electric power system includes self-contained electric system and emergency service device, and self-contained electric system is used for sensor node, gateway node
Conventional electron is carried out with aggregation node, emergency service device is used for the emergency service of emergency situations, for sensor network is provided not
Interruption electric energy；
Early warning system is according to the early warning for being divided into Three Estate different with smokescope of the temperature, humidity that specifically monitor, alarm
Also different color early warning are shown respectively.
2. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The self-contained electric system, including solar panel, controller and battery, the device is by gathering too
Sun can be converted to electric energy and node is powered.
3. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The emergency service device includes battery case and two section No.5 cells.
4. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The early warning system includes Three Estate, is respectively yellow early warning, orange early warning and red early warning, if
The temperature for monitoring is less than threshold value higher than threshold value or humidity, makes yellow early warning；If the smokescope for monitoring exceedes threshold value,
Make orange early warning；If exception all occur in the temperature for monitoring, humidity and smokescope, red early warning is made.
5. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The remote terminal can be the equipment for being connected into Internet, and user can be looked into real time by remote terminal
Monitoring Data information and issue control instruction are seen to base station, and threshold value of warning, downloading data can be set, according to remote terminal
Difference, be divided into PC ends and mobile terminal, graphic user interface, mobile terminal are write in PC ends by Software for Design such as Labview
It is to write software using Java language under Andriod systems.
6. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The important component of the sensor node is to support newest Zigbee protocol-ZigBee2007
The CC2530 chips produced by TI companies, its integrated monolithic machine, ADC and wireless communication module in one, wherein, the single-chip microcomputer
It is a kind of 8 8051 microcontroller cores of enhanced industrial standard, the kernel of the wireless communication module meets
IEEE802.115.4/ZigBee agreements, support CRC hardware checks.
7. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The sensor assembly includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor and Smoke Sensor.
8. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The monitoring data is temperature, humidity and smokescope.
9. a kind of remote ancient building fire hazard monitoring early warning system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1
System, it is characterised in that：The topological structure of described wireless sensor network is star-like, tree-shaped or net structure.
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| CN110798816A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-14 | 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 | Fire monitoring system based on ad hoc network base station |
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| CN112504436A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-16 | 华能（上海）电力检修有限责任公司 | BIM-based fan vibration information acquisition system |
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