CN106898207A - Autoexcitation formula lifts circuit heuristics - Google Patents

Abstract

Autoexcitation formula lifts circuit heuristics,Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field,It is the active important document using not gate as unit,Constitute the logical relation of various functions,Contacting for resistance element and frequency can be demonstrated,By non-gate-type electronic switch,Non- gate-type pulse unit,Auto-excitation type amplifying unit,Partial pressure exciting unit,Display level,Termination unit,Restart unit,Voice unit is constituted,Tested element is inserted in instrument connection,Selecting non-gate-type pulse unit to export by non-gate-type electronic switch has frequency and the voltage without frequency,By after the amplification of auto-excitation type amplifying unit,Start partial pressure exciting unit,Display level is formed to be shown and sound instruction with three kinds of light of voice unit,The luminous instruction that the startup of termination unit allows in display level shows second rule of conversion,The effect for restarting unit is when without detected element,Termination unit in display system is allowed to terminate positive feedback,Recover original state,For demonstration next time is prepared,Implementation of the invention can turn into the instrument of vast school popularization.

Description

Autoexcitation formula lifts circuit heuristics

Technical field

Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.

Background technology

Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.

The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is to educate.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, laboratory apparatus is good, the experiment done more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, played an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various laboratory apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, and the laboratory apparatus especially for the students of the junior years is not also comprehensive.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three is the cost village school too high thus remote to some of majority instruments used for education now, can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.

Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, play the role of to the basic conception for setting up electricity simultaneously important, if a kind of outstanding hookup can be developed, and this hookup can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that there is positive help to educatee.If this circuit can turn into the self-control hookup of beginner again, will undoubtedly there is positive meaning to the quality-oriented education for lifting student.

But design a kind of a kind of self-control hookup that can turn into beginner again simultaneously with circuit of demonstration instrument and there is difficult point, one is from demonstrating effect, because the concept in electricity is a lot, it is to make the demonstration in terms of that, two is that this instrument is drafted primarily directed to electric capacity, inductance etc. has the element being closely connected to make the demonstration of physical property with frequency, and to make the demonstration of that several respect, its physical could sufficiently be shown, three are, especially it is important that, although some circuits can reach demonstration purpose, but a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit can not be turned into, because a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit move back relate to each unit experiment theme be suitable for beginner, move back simultaneously and relate to the interest of beginner, and whether success easy to install etc. series of problems, so this kind of outstanding circuit must also enrich, innovation, development.

But design a kind of a kind of self-control hookup that can turn into beginner again simultaneously with circuit of demonstration instrument and there is difficult point, one is from demonstrating effect, because the concept in electricity is a lot, it is to make the demonstration in terms of that, two is that this instrument is drafted primarily directed to electric capacity, inductance etc. has the element being closely connected to make the demonstration of physical property with frequency, and to make the demonstration of that several respect, its physical could sufficiently be shown, three are, especially it is important that, although some circuits can reach demonstration purpose, but a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit can not be turned into, because a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit move back relate to each unit experiment theme be suitable for beginner, move back simultaneously and relate to the interest of beginner, and whether success easy to install etc. series of problems, so this kind of outstanding circuit must also enrich, innovation, development.

The present invention be exactly with one kind with a kind of substantially active part of not gate, as the active important document of unit, can with not gate into various functions logical relation, so as to expand the thinking of student.

The content of the invention

It with not gate is substantially active part that the present invention is, as the active important document of unit, can with not gate into various functions logical relation, as a kind of outstanding circuit, its purpose one is that the circuit can turn into a kind of scientific popular instrument, and demonstrated by this scientific popular instrument understanding resistance element structure to be contacted emphatically with the close of frequency, and then understands the meaning of capacitive reactance and induction reactance, so as to allow beginner to lay certain electricity basis, this demonstrator can turn into a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.Two is the instrument because of three kinds of displays of color with light with sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Three is to turn into a kind of outstanding making experimental line, and the circuit has various features, thus is conducive to making, and the basic quality to improving student has positive role.

The measure for being used is：

1st, autoexcitation formula lifts circuit heuristics by non-gate-type electronic switch, and non-gate-type pulse unit, auto-excitation type amplifying unit, partial pressure exciting unit, display level, termination unit restarts unit, and voice unit is collectively constituted.

Wherein：Non- gate-type electronic switch is made up of button switch, switch clamp diode, four switch gates, two state instructions, two steering diodes, two switching diodes, two crossover resistances, two input resistances：A state instruction is connect respectively between the output of one, switch and two, switch and power supply, the indirect steering diode one of input with the output for switching three of one, switch, the indirect steering diode two of input with the output for switching four of two, switch, the output of two, output and the switch of one, switch connects crossover resistance one；The output of two, switch connects crossover resistance two with the input for switching, the output of two, switch connects input resistance two with the input for switching three, the output of three, switch connects input resistance one with the input for switching four, two switching diodes are connected on the input of three, switch, switch the input of four and one end of button switch respectively, another terminating systems ground wire of controlling switch, the output of two, switch is the output of non-gate-type electronic switch, connects the negative pole of switch clamp diode.

Gate circuit type pulse unit is by pulse one, pulse two, impulsive quarantine not gate, pulsed capacitance；2.6th, pulse resistance one, pulse resistance two, impulsive quarantine resistance composition；The output of pulse one connects the input of pulse two, the output of pulse two connects impulsive quarantine resistance to the input of impulsive quarantine not gate, pulsed capacitance is connected on output and the pulse center point of pulse two, pulse resistance one connects output and the pulse center point of pulse one, pulse resistance two connects input and the pulse center point of pulse one, the positive pole for switching clamp diode connects the input of impulsive quarantine not gate, and the output of impulsive quarantine not gate connects instrument connection to the commutation diode of auto-excitation type amplifying unit.

Auto-excitation type amplifying unit by commutation diode, one-level lifting electric capacity, lifting diode I and II lifting electric capacity, lifting diode two, three-level lifting electric capacity, lifting one, lifting two, oscillating capacitance, oscillation resistance one, oscillation resistance two, lifting isolating diode, penetrate with base resistance one, penetrate with base resistance two, penetrate and constituted with pipe earth resistance with managing, penetrate；Commutation diode,Two lifting Diode series are between the positive pole of instrument connection and lifting isolating diode,Its middle series connection point connects a positive pole for lifting electric capacity respectively,One-level lifts the negative pole ground wire of electric capacity,The negative pole of two-stage hoisting electric capacity connects the output of lifting one,The negative pole of three-level lifting electric capacity connects the output of lifting two,The output of lifting one connects the input of lifting two,Oscillating capacitance is connected on output and the oscillation center point of lifting two,Oscillation resistance one connects output and the oscillation center point of lifting one,Oscillation resistance two connects input and the oscillation center point of lifting one,The negative pole of isolating diode connects to be penetrated with base resistance one,Penetrate and penetrated with base resistance two to penetrating with the base stage of pipe with the series connection of base resistance one,Penetrate between the emitter stage and system ground wire for being connected on pipe earth resistance and being penetrated with pipe,Penetrate and connect power supply with the colelctor electrode of pipe,Penetrate with the emitter stage of pipe be auto-excitation type amplifying unit output.

Partial pressure exciting unit is made up of inclined under Multilevel partial-pressure, partial pressure, multiple excitation doors；Every grade of partial pressure is all made up of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube, partial pressure earth resistance, every grade of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube be connected on auto-excitation type amplifying unit output and partial pressure under partially between, system ground wire is connected under partial pressure partially, each series connection point turns into output point, connect a partial pressure earth resistance to system ground wire, each output point connects an input for excitation door, and the output of each excitation door connects the ground wire of correspondence display unit.

Voice unit is made up of multiple speech sound devices with the series arm of voice protective resistance.

Display level is made up of multiple display units：Each display unit has three startup doors, and three luminous instructions, three output end resistance, three isolating diodes, three commissure electric capacity, each input resistance for starting door is constituted with earth resistance：Each input for starting door connects an input resistance with power supply,With an indirect earth resistance of the ground wire of this display unit,Each starts an indirect isolating diode of the output with the positive pole of commissure electric capacity of door,The negative pole of isolating diode connects the output for starting door,Positive pole connects the positive pole of commissure electric capacity,The positive pole of each isolating diode connects an output end resistance with power supply,The positive pole of commissure electric capacity connects a charging resistor with power supply,The negative pole of the first commissure electric capacity connects the input of the second startup door,The negative pole of the second commissure electric capacity connects the input of the 3rd startup door,The negative pole of the 3rd commissure electric capacity connects the input of the first startup door,Each output for starting door connects a negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube in a luminous instruction,Second negative electrode of all common-anode luminous tubes connects,Last of each display unit starts the output of door with an indirect speech sound device of power supply and the series arm of voice protective resistance.

Termination unit is made up of termination door, lock diode, protection diode, compensation resistance, commissure resistance, power amplifier door, the first termination clamp diode, last termination clamp diode.

Unit is restarted by restarting door, restarting input resistance, restart output diode and constitute.

The indirect protection diode of output with the termination door input of the 3rd startup door of last display unit; the output of termination door connects commissure resistance to the input of power amplifier door; the output of power amplifier door and the indirect clamp diode of the ground wire of each display unit; the output of power amplifier door has been also connected with the second negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube in each luminous instruction; exporting and penetrating for power amplifier door is connected to lock diode with the base stage of pipe, and compensation resistance is connected between the input of termination door and the output of power amplifier door.

Penetrate and restart input resistance to the input for restarting door with penetrating to be connect with the series connection point of base resistance two with base resistance one, the output for restarting door connects the input for restarting output diode to termination door.

2nd, every grade of excitation door is all formed in parallel by two not gates.

3rd, all doors all use integrated circuit CD4069.

4th, by common-anode luminous tube, positive electricity resistance is in series together for each luminous instruction.

Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：

First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram.

The present invention is, as active part, to constitute most basic unit of the invention with most basic not circuit, and by this base unit, devises multiple independent logic units, is then designed to overall system of knowing clearly by logic unit again.It is so as to become a kind of outstanding electricity demonstration device and a kind of with the outstanding circuit for inspiring study thinking.

It is as a kind of outstanding its principle of electricity demonstration device：

When the frequency element surveyed（That is electric capacity, inductance）When being connected in instrument connection two ends, the electric current that gate circuit type pulse unit is produced has carried out lifting and has amplified by after the frequency element surveyed, entering into auto-excitation type amplifying circuit, the output drive of circuit partial pressure exciting unit part, there are multiple output points the part, and the voltage of each output point output is decrement states, and each output point of partial pressure level is connected to the signal input part of excitation door, each excitation door, is connected to a ground wire for display unit.When no-voltage, corresponding display unit is enclosed.So as to display unit does not work.When super over drive door threshold voltage, when excitation door starts, corresponding display unit work.Due to partial pressure exciting unit output point high near the voltage of signal source end, later, decline of successively decreasing, so auto-excitation type amplifying unit output signal is stronger, it is more more than the output point of excitation Men Menkan, the excitation door for having a high position of output is more, thus institute's excitation display unit is more.The role of such that it is able to clearly demonstrate out, circuit parameter element, in circuit.

For demonstrating effect is abundant, this measure notice it is following some：

1st, gate circuit type pulse unit can turn into tool frequency pulse power form, again can as frequency be zero be direct current form, with two kinds of different power supplys, the understanding to frequency part can be promoted.Because two kinds of power supplys will produce very different effect to frequency element.And the conversion of two kinds of power supplys is performed by non-gate-type electronic switch, so with various advantages.

2nd, it is the increased frequency-adjustable in gate circuit type pulse unit unit, influence of the frequency height to element can be further looked at.

3rd, in amplifying circuit, auto-excitation type amplifying circuit is employed, its benefit one is good stability, it is possible to achieve the output without quiescent point, when being input no signal, output end no signal；Two is to lift effect simultaneously substantially, and lifting amplification quantity is adjustable, and three is that exchange and direct current can be amplified, efficiency high.

4th, light and sound effective value are employed on demonstrating effect.

5th, on light shows, termination unit is devised, and restarts unit, therefore luminous tube is glittering two kinds of big rule trends, and entertaining is full of in demonstration.

In the design as the outstanding circuit made, one is to highlight the understanding to not gate, because nearly all unit is made up of not gate.Two is relatively independent each unit, and each unit contact science, debugging is simple, substantially once filling into.Three is have certain interest when each unit is checked, is conducive to exciting the learning enthusiasm of youth, it is to avoid produce tired, tired situation about doing at above-mentioned 3 points.

2nd, explanation in gate circuit type pulse unit unit.

Gate circuit type pulse unit is by pulse one（In Fig. 1 2.1）, pulse two（In Fig. 1 2.2）, impulsive quarantine not gate（In Fig. 1 2.3）, pulsed capacitance（In Fig. 1 2.5）, pulse resistance one（In Fig. 1 2.6）, pulse resistance two（In Fig. 1 2.7）, impulsive quarantine resistance（In Fig. 1 2.8）Composition.

The principle of generation is：When the gate output terminal of pulse one that pulsed capacitance is connect is for a high position, pulsed capacitance is charged, because pulsed capacitance transition beginning in a flash, it is unable to transition, at this moment the pulse center point that the other end of pulsed capacitance is connect is a high position, and at this moment charging current enters the output end of pulse two by pulse resistance one all the way, and the input that pulse is two by pulse resistance one because being connected on common point, so input is a high position, output end is low.After the charging of electric capacity is full of, in isolation, first half cycle as vibration, now again in low level, the input that pulse is two is low level to common point, output end is a high position, make the electric discharge of opposite direction by pulsed capacitance, in the later half cycle as vibration, its sense of current is opposite with first half cycle, after electric discharge is put finishes, the next cycle is entered again.

In foregoing circuit, in order that pulse starting of oscillation is easily, pulse process is reliable and stable, designer has made following innovation, and one is to be designed as the pulsed capacitance in circuit electrodeless, is to be formed with two capacitances in series, the electric leakage composition of electric capacity is which reduced, the Q values of electric capacity are substantially increased., two is that increased adjustable composition to the time constant of pulse to be beneficial to adjustment.Experiment shows that the circuit is worked good with entirety circuit, with it is very strong can implementation type.

3rd, the explanation of non-gate-type electronic switch.

Non- gate-type electronic switch is by button switch, switch clamp diode, four switch gates, two state instructions, two steering diodes, two switching diodes, two crossover resistances, two input resistances are constituted, and are by button switch（In Fig. 1 1.0）, switching diode one（In Fig. 1 1.01）, switching diode two（In Fig. 1 1.02）, switch one（In Fig. 1 1.1）, switch two（In Fig. 1 1.2）, switch three（In Fig. 1 1.3）, switch four（In Fig. 1 1.4）, switch one door state indicate（In Fig. 1 1.11）, switch two door states indicate（In Fig. 1 1.21）, crossover resistance one（In Fig. 1 1.12）, crossover resistance two（In Fig. 1 1.22）, steering diode one（In Fig. 1 1.13）, steering diode two（In Fig. 1 1.23）, switch four input resistances（In Fig. 1 1.31）, switch three input resistances（In Fig. 1 1.25）, switch clamp diode（In Fig. 1 1.8）Composition.

Its main purpose is the working condition for controlling gate circuit type pulse unit, and turning into gate circuit type pulse unit has the test source of frequency, or as the dc source that frequency is zero, allows beholder to understand resistance element in the case of both power supplys, physical phenomenon.So as to disclose the relation of resistance element and frequency.

Switching the control logic of opposite house circuit type pulse unit is, the output of two, switch is logic control end, by the input for switching the impulsive quarantine not gate that clamp diode is connected in gate circuit type pulse unit, when switch two be output as a high position when, switch clamp diode is back biased, on connected part without influence, impulsive quarantine not gate by pulse excitation rule normal work.So being output as the pulse power of frequency, when it is low level to switch the output end of output of two, the switch clamp diode for being connected is forward bias, thus it is low level to be input into impulsive quarantine not gate, is output as a high position, exports high-order all the time, is direct current.

Electronic switch possesses three characteristics, and one is have output under the cooperation of button, can export high signal, can also export low level signal, two be before the new signal arrival of next push-botton operation is arrived in a kind of self-sustaining of output signal energy with self-sustaining characteristic.Three is logic reliability.Increase state instruction simultaneously easy.

The principle of formation is, in this unit, one, switch is with the output for switching two by after the connection of crossover resistance, positive-feedback circuit is connected into, when the output end of wherein in two is high, another end of oppisite phase input is a high position, so as to output end low level, otherwise when its another output end is low level, the end of oppisite phase input of another is low level, so that the output end of another is high-order.

Four with switch, three, switch has been linked to be two phase inverters connected, and the input of its breaker in middle four is connected in the output of three, switch by four input resistances of switch.The output of four, three, switch and switch is respectively through two steering diode connecting valves one and the input for switching two.The output end that Simultaneous Switching closes two passes through the input that three input resistances of switch are connected to Unit the 3rd.This two merely enters resistance, it is ensured that in logic change each door by signal addition without raw ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS.

When connecting ground wire when shift knob is normally off, three, switch receives button switch welding system ground wire with the input for switching four by switching diode（Zero-bit）The reason for and be negative signal, three, switch is a high position with four outputs of switch, and two outputs connect two steering diodes and are in reverse bias, on switching one with the input for switching two without influence.

When button turns on pass is changed to off-state, three, switch does not receive button switch welding system ground wire with the input for switching four（Zero-bit）Influence, and only determine two original states, if three, switch is output as low level, four, switch is output as a high position, now switchs three outputs and connects steering diode one and has an effect, and the input that controlling switch is is low, is output as height.Two, switch is output as low level, the self-sustaining State- output as a kind of low-end trim, until the effect of next button switch.

The input of three, switch is connected to by three input resistances of switch due to the switch output of two, so the input for now switching three have input low level signal, it is output as height.Switch four have input high signal, and it is output as low level signal.When now button switch is in open circuit, four connected two pairs of input leading roles of two, switch of steering diode of output are switched, make two outputs of switch high-order, as a kind of self-sustaining state for being output as a high position, until the effect of next button switch.Later inversion principle is the same.

Using mainly there is benefit following prominent after button electronic switch, one is that supporting button is that one kind touches button, while also allowing for installment state instruction.It is overall high-grade, benefit from, two is that button switch does not produce fly line in production, directly can produce and contact with printed panel, thus can be further ensured that product quality.Three is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.Four as test circuit when, the unification of active part is developed by the comparison amplifier of discharge circuit and constituted, and is easy to beginner to test and is made.Five is that logic reliability, peripheral element is few under conditions of using unified amplifier integrated.Simple in circuits.

4th, on the explanation of auto-excitation type amplifying unit.

Auto-excitation type amplifying unit is by commutation diode（In Fig. 1 5.1）, one-level lifting electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.11）, lifting diode one（In Fig. 1 5.2）, two-stage hoisting electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.21）, lifting diode two（In Fig. 1 5.3）, three-level lifting electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.31）, lifting one（In Fig. 1 5.4）, lifting two（In Fig. 1 5.5）, oscillating capacitance（In Fig. 1 5.60）, oscillation resistance one（In Fig. 1 5.61）, oscillation resistance two（In Fig. 1 5.62）, lifting isolating diode（In Fig. 1 5.7）, penetrate with base resistance one（In Fig. 1 5.81）, penetrate with base resistance two（In Fig. 1 5.82）, penetrate with pipe（In Fig. 1 5.9）, penetrate with pipe earth resistance（In Fig. 1 5.91）Composition.

The main purpose of the unit is that the voltage of gate circuit type pulse unit can produce the situation of voltage decline after frequency element is testing capacitor, inductance（Because there is a capacitive reactance, or induction reactance pressure drop）, by after auto-excitation type amplifying unit, energy has been lifted, thus is more macroscopical display effect.

Auto-excitation type amplifying unit must have a characteristics of two weights, and one is that, with good amplification characteristic, two when being the input no signal of auto-excitation type amplifying unit, exports no signal, is that output does not produce additional static current potential.

The principle of formation is that two lever gear doors of this unit initially form self-oscillation after energization,（The principle of vibration is as described in gate circuit type pulse unit）, two output all changes of presentation height shape respectively.

After demonstration element connects circuit, after over commutation DC voltage is filled with one-level lifting electric capacity, when it is low to lift a gate output terminal, one-level lifting electric capacity charges by lifting diode one to two-stage hoisting electric capacity, as one times of voltage, when the not gate of voltage increase one is output as a high position, the voltage of one-level lifting electric capacity turns into double voltage by the output superposition of the not gate of voltage increase one, when the not gate of voltage increase two is output as low level, two times of voltages charge on three-level lifting electric capacity, when the not gate of voltage increase two is output as a high position, two times of voltages are superimposed as being three times voltage by the non-gate output terminal of voltage increase two, it is consequently formed lifting circuit.

It should be noted that same, the present invention using auto-excitation type amplifying unit have the advantages that four it is prominent：

One is the one-level lifting electric capacity when no signal is input into, no-voltage, so output can not possibly produce multiplication of voltage effect.It is zero volt, the output for being the circuit does not produce additional static current potential.

Two is that it is of special importance that the voltage on one-level lifting electric capacity is based on the voltage after test resistance element step-down, resistance is of different sizes, and the magnitude of voltage of generation is also different, so the booster tension quantity for producing also differs not sample.That is to say that the basis of three times voltage depends on the voltage after resistance element step-down, output and the electric capacity capacitive reactance tested of lifting circuit have direct relation.

Three because employ two and three times voltage lifting circuit, efficiency high, required time is relatively few, so sensitivity is higher.

Four is that the output of the circuit and partial pressure exciting unit are penetrated and make to isolate with pipe, so the circuit has good load capacity.

5th, the explanation of partial pressure exciting unit.

Partial pressure exciting unit is made up of inclined under Multilevel partial-pressure, partial pressure, multiple excitation doors；Every grade of partial pressure is all made up of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube, partial pressure earth resistance, every grade of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube be connected on auto-excitation type amplifying unit output and partial pressure under partially between, system ground wire is connected under partial pressure partially, each series connection point turns into output point, connect a partial pressure earth resistance to system ground wire, each output point connects an input for excitation door, and the output of each excitation door connects the ground wire of correspondence display unit.

Line feature be by each partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube parameter quite, and be in series, so as to there is multiple output points, afterbody partial pressure to have been connected and be biased to system ground wire under partial pressure, under partial pressure partially in partial pressure under resistance partially, as current-limiting resistance.Because the parameter of each voltage-stabiliser tube is equal, so as to from input to earth terminal, form the output of the ladder of voltage.Work as input（The output of auto-excitation type amplifying unit）When voltage is high, then the quantity of the partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube that can puncture is more.Then there is the output point of high-order output many, when the output voltage of each output end, during higher than connected excitation door not gate door, the excitation gate output terminal is low level, and paired display unit is energized, so as to display occur.

6th, the light of display level to show and show the explanation of the termination unit to form the second rule with light.

Because this level is multiple display unit compositions.Display unit lights and indicates the bright state feature to be：As continuous-flow type.It is luminous to indicate bright to be innervation.Signal is stronger, and shown unit is more, and luminous instruction is bright must be more remote, is that abstract electric current is likened into current.

The line construction of each unit is the same.So only using one of cell descriptions.

One of line feature of the unit, each unit has an independent ground wire, is not attached to system ground wire, and is connected with the output end of the aobvious excitation door put in exciting unit.Therefore when it is low level to encourage gate output terminal, the independent ground wire of display unit is connected with system ground wire, the cell operation.Conversely, when the output end of excitation door is for a high position, independent ground wire is not attached to system ground wire, and according to electric current kirschner law, the power supply of display unit may not flow into system ground wire, so not working.

So during the partial pressure exciting unit output point no-voltage of prime, all excitations door equal no-voltage of input for being connected, display unit does not work without passage over the ground, so luminous indicate not working.When the output point of partial pressure exciting unit is into a high position, the excitation door for being connected is output as low, ground wire and the connection of system ground wire of display unit, so display unit turns into working condition, lighting, it is glittering to indicate.

At steady state, specific the first bright rule of luminous instruction is：After circuit stability, the luminous instruction of the interior first startup door band before this of unit is bright, and second and third luminous instruction for starting door is put out, and is afterwards that the luminous instruction of the second startup door is bright, and first and third starts the luminous instruction of door puts out.Third for the 3rd luminous instruction of startup door is bright, the first and second luminous instruction of startup door is put out.Then circulate.Second rule is that after last startup door of last display unit starts, all of luminous instruction is all changed into second color, while carrying out the circulation of flashing of flowing water shape by the rule of the third color, this rule will last till the beginning demonstrated next time.

The reason for forming the first glittering rule be：Because interior three of display unit start door, it is inconsistent due to parameter on startup, thus saturation have it is successively not, if first output of startup door is first for low, the luminous instruction of startup door institute band is bright, because now first starts door output and the second commissure electric capacity started between door（First commissure electric capacity）Voltage is unable to transition, and the second startup door is entered as negative pressure, is output as a high position, and institute's band is luminous to be designated as putting out.The input pickup resistance of the second startup door charges to the first commissure electric capacity, and when voltage starts door input voltage more than second, the second startup door is output as low level, and the luminous instruction of the second startup door institute band is bright, due to the second commissure electric capacity（I.e. second starts door exports connect isolating diode and the 3rd commissure electric capacity started between door input）Voltage is unable to transition, and the 3rd startup door is entered as negative pressure, and output end is a high position, and institute's band is luminous to be designated as putting out.Now the input pickup resistance of the 3rd startup door charges to the second commissure electric capacity, when voltage starts door input threshold voltage more than the 3rd, 3rd startup door is output as low level, the luminous instruction of the 3rd startup door institute band is bright, by the 3rd commissure capacitance voltage now between the isolating diode that is connect of output of the 3rd startup door and the first startup door is unable to transition, first startup door is entered as negative pressure, is output as a high position, and institute's band is luminous to be designated as putting out.Now the input pickup resistance of the first startup door charges to the 3rd commissure electric capacity, and to after threshold voltage, the first startup gate output terminal is low, and the luminous instruction of institute's band is bright again, as circulation.

The explanation of the reason for producing second rule, i.e. termination unit：If all display units are all bright; when last startup door of last display unit starts; last starts door output low level; because the reason for protection diode; therefore the input of termination door introduces zero signal; so being in forward bias; the non-gate output terminal output high signal; turn into positive feedback with power amplifier door, power amplifier door is output as low, three kinds of effects of generation; a kind of effect is by locking diode; clamper is penetrated with the base stage of pipe, allows the input no-voltage of partial pressure exciting unit, makes all outputs of partial pressure exciting unit without output.Two is that two is the second negative electrode for being connected to common-anode luminous tube in all luminous instructions, so all common-anode luminous tubes are changed into second color directly by ground diode series.Three is the ground wire for having connected each display junior unit, respectively show the ground wire of junior unit by power amplifier door output ground connection, so each display unit is still flashed by the rule of flowing water, but now flash with former difference, because when flashing, it is that common-anode luminous tube the two poles of the earth are still grounded, so being by the third color variations when flashing.Because termination unit is positive feedback, next demonstration will be lasted till always.

Its protection diode has played double action in this unit; one is when last excitation door is not actuated; the ground wire of last display unit is not connected with system ground wire; so having electric charge inside the unit; the protection diode is in reverse bias; insulation blocking is played, protection termination unit is with to restart unit without damage.Two is to play logic function to termination unit correctly, is that, when last display unit starts, when last starts door output low level in last display unit, due to the transmission of protection diode, termination unit produces correct logic.

7th, the explanation of unit is restarted.

The effect of the unit is, before making demonstration next time, allows termination unit to terminate positive feedback, recovers original state.

Its principle is, when the element demonstrated is removed from instrument connection, an input no signal is restarted, so as to export a high position.The high position is delivered to the input of termination door, and termination door is output as height, after being delivered to power amplifier door input, power amplifier door is output as low, therefore termination unit two forms positive feedback again, but result is that power amplifier gate output terminal is height, all negative electrodes of common-anode luminous tube second are height, and second color disappears.The clamper of the input of partial pressure exciting unit is released, and waits the arrival of demonstration next time.

When instrument connection connects new element, restarting an input has new signal, is output as low level, and the working condition of termination unit is not influenceed.

8th, voice indicates explanation.

When last startup door of each display unit is turned on, speech sound device has direct current channel, so sending music.

Have the advantages that after implementation following prominent：

First, electricity is important content in physics.And for beginner, understand relatively easy to galvanic, and the influence to the electric current with frequency to circuit element can feel abstract.And the demonstration of this instrument can make the abstract concept of beginner become actual.Therefore there is positive effect to studying electricity in depth.Concrete condition have it is following some：

（1）, because this demonstrator in gate circuit type pulse unit can be changed into the pulse power, it is also possible to be changed into direct current, it is possible to clearly demonstrate out resistance element under the switching of non-gate-type electronic switch（Such as electric capacity, or inductance）In the situation that frequency is zero（It is direct current）, it is entirely different with the physical phenomenon in the case of the pulse current with frequency.

Such as electric capacity（Electric capacity its construction is two pieces of disjunct conductive materials planes）, this special construction under DC state, is being only possible to the disposable charging in transient state ground, finally as off state（Show as display portion luminous tube transient state it is bright once, then put out entirely）.But under the pulse power of frequency, theatrical change is but there occurs, because this disjunct two sides can be smoothly through electric current.

It is a good good conductor if inductance is under DC state,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion is always bright state, into flowing water shape, and from the beginning to the end）But in the pulse current by frequency, but under the pulse power of frequency, theatrical change is but there occurs, because this end to end wire but has resistance to electric current, its physical characteristic changes completely.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion only manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, i.e. light brighten the hair pipe）.

（2）, gate circuit type pulse unit of the present invention frequency-adjustable.Can demonstrate out that frequency is higher, the impact effect to frequency element is bigger, such as same parameters electric capacity, frequency is higher, and conduction is better,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

And for example same parameters inductance coil, frequency is higher, and the resistance that it is presented is bigger.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, but light brighten the hair pipe）.

（3）, can demonstrate out, under same voltage, electric capacity is bigger, and capacitive reactance is smaller, is smaller to the resistance of electric current, and inductance is bigger, then induction reactance is bigger, is bigger to the resistance of electric current.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（4）, the main inside reason of the size that capacitive reactance is presented in electric capacity can be demonstrated out, disjunct two conducting surface in inside of such as electric capacity is bigger, then capacitive reactance is smaller, and the insulating barrier between two conducting surfaces is thicker, then capacitive reactance is smaller.（The common-anode luminous tube for showing as luminous instruction manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（5）, the main inside reason of the size that induction reactance is presented in inductance can be demonstrated out, the diameter of such as coil is bigger, then induction reactance is bigger, otherwise induction reactance is fewer,.（The common-anode luminous tube for showing as luminous instruction manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（6）Whether induction reactance also has permeability magnetic material relevant with coil, and relevant with the property of permeability magnetic material.

2nd, excellent performance master be now embodied in it is following some：

1st, light shows characteristic.One is that the luminous tube light of common-anode is innervation.Gradual as one kind, continuous-flow type, signal is stronger, and shown junior unit is more, and luminous tube is bright must be more remote, and two is loop cycle, and cycle discoloration, is luminous tube bright to after termination, can produce new circulation, and three kinds of different color rules can be produced glittering.Three be it is glittering therefore and and it is novel, be that general circuit does not possess, demonstration when attract eyeball.

2nd, presentation process light and sound shows and deposits, when common-anode luminous tube periodically sends transient state music in a timing.Delight effect is increased, beholder teaches through lively activities.

3rd, non-gate-type electronic switch operation is button, there is benefit following prominent, and one is that button is that one kind touches button, good hand touch.Two be often by a state transformation once, it is easy to operate.Three can be clearly show be current control state, DC state in this way, at this moment indicator lamp is a kind of color, in this way the frequency power source of pulse, again can be overall high-grade in clear Chu Ming Liao into another place's color.Four is that button switch does not produce fly line in production, directly can produce and contact with printed panel, thus can be further ensured that product quality.Five is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.These advantages, also allow for hookup purchase.

4th, the quantification effect of display is good, and the range of components of demonstration is wide, circuit stabilization,.One because using auto-excitation type amplifying circuit circuit, in the absence of initial potential, as long as be prime without input signal, each output point of partial pressure exciting unit does not export a high position, and display unit does not show.Hereby it is ensured that display is accurate.Two because the auto-excitation type amplifying circuit of this instrument thus has sensitivity higher, and to when capacitive reactance is larger, can also clearly show that, three is the amplifying circuit has amplification in pulse condition and DC state.More flexibility.Four is have common-mode circuit in this level, and heat endurance is good.Five is that common-mode circuit biasing is flexibly adjustable, and adaptive surface is wide.

5th, the concept of resistance, insulator, electric current can be demonstrated out, is demonstrated out when the timing of voltage one, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the smaller visual effect of electric current.More basic electricity knowledge is set up with the student for making the age smaller.

6th, each elementary cell of integrated circuit not gate composition, dependable performance, contact between constituent parts rationally, so overall circuit logic is strong, science.

3rd, because above-mentioned some reason, while this instrument of institute belongs to the popular demonstrator of primary.Adapt to wide, primary school and middle school and Popular Science Education are all well suited for, have much room the need for society.Good social benefit can be produced.

4th, this instrument is easily produced, and one because element less varieties,, to buying, plug-in unit is all very easy, and two is simple debugging, and does not need expensive instrument detection, and three is low cost for this.There is good economic benefit.

5th, circuit of the present invention is simplified, and each unit contact science, operability is very strong, therefore can be conigenous row experiment installation with heuristics, by self-control, can further improve students ' practical ability and practical level, and this has positive meaning to improving students ' quality.And the present invention there are following characteristics in self-control, thus it is very suitable for self-control.

One is each several part independence, partly can be checked for unit is powered.And each is partially filled with certain interest, such as display portion, the luminous tube light of common-anode is that flowing water circulates shape after success, and the musical sound of certain rule is presented.

Two be between each several part between connect science, failure will not be substantially produced, so completing after part debugs, so that it may complete overall work.

Three is the active basic circuit for being almost all not gate composition, therefore is easy to beginner to the understanding of not gate, due to active part single varieties, is given prominence to the key points, and is conducive to beginner to learn, it is to avoid numerous and be weary of studying, or not rotten situation of grasping too much.And it is this input it is low, output is high, input is high, the low most basic logic element of output, can form various basic circuits, and the not gate that various logics pass through is closed, various functions of series can be developed into again, beginner's positive thinking can be thus guided, imagination space is expanded, is conducive to education of improving the quality.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is non-gate-type electronic switch, non-gate-type pulse unit, the electronic circuitry of auto-excitation type amplifying unit in autoexcitation formula lifting circuit heuristics.

In figure：1.0th, button switch；1.01st, switching diode one；1.02nd, switching diode two；1.1st, one is switched；1.2nd, two are switched；1.3rd, three are switched；1.4th, four are switched；1.11st, one door state of switch is indicated；1.12nd, crossover resistance one；1.13rd, steering diode one；1.21st, two door states of switch are indicated；1.22nd, crossover resistance two；1.23rd, steering diode two；；1.25th, three input resistances are switched；1.31st, four input resistances 1.8, switch clamp diode are switched；2.1st, pulse one；2.2nd, pulse two；2.3rd, impulsive quarantine not gate；2.5th, pulsed capacitance；2.6th, pulse resistance one；2.7th, pulse resistance two；2.8th, impulsive quarantine resistance；3rd, instrument connection；5.1st, commutation diode；5.11st, one-level lifting electric capacity；5.2nd, diode one is lifted；5.21st, two-stage hoisting electric capacity；5.3rd, diode two is lifted；5.31st, three-level lifting electric capacity；5.4th, one is lifted；5.5th, two are lifted；5.60th, oscillating capacitance；5.61st, oscillation resistance one；5.62nd, oscillation resistance two；5.7th, isolating diode is lifted；5.81st, penetrate with base resistance one；5.82nd, penetrate with base resistance two；5.9th, penetrate with pipe；5.91st, penetrate with pipe earth resistance；5.92nd, the output of auto-excitation type amplifying unit.

Fig. 2 is partial pressure exciting unit, display level, termination unit, the electronic circuitry of restarting unit, voice unit in autoexcitation formula lifting circuit heuristics.

In figure：5.81st, penetrate with base resistance one；5.82nd, penetrate with base resistance two；5.9th, penetrate with pipe；5.91st, penetrate with pipe earth resistance；5.92nd, the output of auto-excitation type amplifying unit；6.11st, one-level partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube；6.12nd, one-level partial pressure earth resistance；6.N1, afterbody partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube；6.N2 afterbody partial pressure earth resistances；Inclined voltage-stabiliser tube under 6.X1, partial pressure；Inclined resistance under 6.X2 partial pressures；7.1st, first order driver；7.N, afterbody driver；8.1st, the first display unit；8.11st, the first display unit first starts door；8.12nd, the first display unit second starts door；8.13rd, the first display unit the 3rd starts door；8.111st, first the first luminous instruction of display unit；8.112nd, in the first display unit first start door output end resistance；8.113rd, first the first isolating diode of display unit；8.115th, first display unit the first commissure electric capacity；8.116th, the first display unit first starts the input pickup resistance of door；8.117th, the first display unit first starts the input grounding resistance of door；8.121st, first the second luminous instruction of display unit；8.122nd, in the first display unit second start door output end resistance；8.123rd, first the second isolating diode of display unit；8.125th, first display unit the second commissure electric capacity；8.126th, the first display unit second starts the input pickup resistance of door；8.127th, the first display unit second starts the input grounding resistance of door；8.131st, the luminous instruction of the first display unit the 3rd；8.132nd, in the first display unit the 3rd start door output end resistance；8.133rd, the isolating diode of the first display unit the 3rd；8.135th, the commissure electric capacity of the first display unit the 3rd；8.136th, the first display unit the 3rd starts the input pickup resistance of door；8.137th, the first display unit the 3rd starts the input grounding resistance of door；8.18th, the ground wire of the first display unit；8.N, last display unit；8.N1, last display unit last start door；8.N2, last display unit second start door；8.N3, last display unit the 3rd start door；8.N11, last display unit last luminous instruction；First starts the output end resistance of door in 8.N12, last display unit；8.N13, last display unit last isolating diode；8.N15, last display unit last commissure electric capacity；8.N16, last display unit last start door input pickup resistance；8.N17, last display unit last start door input grounding resistance；8.N21, last display unit second are luminous to be indicated；Second starts the output end resistance of door in 8.N22, last display unit；8.N23, last isolating diode of display unit second；8.N25, last display unit the second commissure electric capacity；8.N26, last display unit second start the input pickup resistance of door；8.N27, last display unit second start the input grounding resistance of door；8.N31, last display unit the 3rd are luminous to be indicated；The 3rd starts the output end resistance of door in 8.N32, last display unit；8.N33, last isolating diode of display unit the 3rd；8.N35, last commissure electric capacity of display unit the 3rd；8.N36, last display unit the 3rd start the input pickup resistance of door；8.N37, last display unit the 3rd start the input grounding resistance of door；The ground wire of 8.N8, last display unit；9.1st, the first voice is indicated；9.11st, first voice protective resistance;9.N, last voice are indicated；9.N1, last voice protective resistance；10.1st, terminate door；10.10th, diode is locked；10.2nd, protection diode；10.3rd, resistance is compensated；10.5th, commissure resistance；10.6th, power amplifier door；10.7th, the first termination clamp diode；10.N, last termination clamp diode；11st, system ground wire；12.1st, door is restarted；12.2nd, input resistance is restarted；12.5th, output diode is restarted.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 describe a kind of mode of specific implementation jointly.

First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, every grade of excitation door is all formed in parallel by two not gates.All doors all use integrated circuit CD4069.By common-anode luminous tube, positive electricity resistance is in series together for each luminous instruction.Voltage-stabiliser tube uses face mating type commutation diode.It is short period class that musical film is used when ringing.Button switch uses the species that can be directly welded with printed panel.Electric capacity is from the small species of electric leakage.Resistor is without particular/special requirement.

2nd, weld：Non- gate-type electronic switch, non-gate-type pulse unit, the electronic circuit of auto-excitation type amplifying unit are connected as shown in Figure 1 in autoexcitation formula lifting circuit heuristics, partial pressure exciting unit, display level, termination unit, restart unit, the electronic circuit of voice unit is welded as shown in Figure 2.

3rd, debug.

1st, check and the non-gate-type pulse unit of scheduling.

A, it is grounded with frequency counter its cold end, hot junction connection pulse one（In Fig. 1 2.1）Output, now, has frequency and shows, is Miswire or pulsed capacitance electric leakage if nothing.

B, with frequency counter, connect pulse two（In Fig. 1 2.2）Output, adjust pulse resistance one（In Fig. 1 2.6）, oscilloscope display waveform can change, and within the requirement of design.If incorrect, the fixed resistance resistance connected with adjustable resistance in pulse resistance one should be adjusted, its rule is bigger resistance, and frequency is slower.

2nd, check and debugging auto-excitation type amplifying circuit.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up, key points at different levels, cold end ground connection are sequentially connected with oscillograph hot junction.

A, the output that each lever gear door is connect with universal meter, should have high-low voltage to show, be wrong connection if not forming vibration, or oscillating capacitance is not right with the value of oscillation resistance, or lever gear door output and input welding mistake.

B, connect with universal meter and penetrated with pipe（In Fig. 1 5.9）Emitter stage, its quiescent voltage is just zero, should otherwise debug the series resistance of two base stages.

Then inductively or capacitively it is connected on instrument connection with one.

C, with oscillograph hot junction connect one-level lifted electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.11）Anode, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, is otherwise commutation diode（In Fig. 1 5.1）Weldering is wrong.

D, with oscillograph hot junction connect two-stage hoisting electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.21）Anode, now the waveform of oscillograph be direct current shape, but amplitude should than one-level lifting electric capacity at amplitude double.It is to be connected in that two-stage hoisting condenser welding is wrong or failure as incorrect.

E, with oscillograph hot junction connect three-level lifted electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.31）Positive pole, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but amplitude should be three times of the amplitude at one-level lifting electric capacity.It is that three-level lifting condenser welding is wrong or failure as incorrect.

F, it is connected on instrument connection when with a resistance unit, and test source is switched in into zero frequency span, now still there is above-mentioned phenomenon.

G, with oscillograph hot junction connect penetrate with pipe（In Fig. 1 5.9）Emitter stage, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but it is three times of amplitude at one-level lifting electric capacity that amplitude should be, and is otherwise to penetrate to weld wrong with the pin of pipe.

3rd, check and the non-gate-type electronic switch of debugging.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up.

A, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connecting valve one（In Fig. 1 1.1）With switch two（In Fig. 1 1.2）Output, now as switch one be output as it is low, then switch two be output as a high position, if instead switch one be output as a high position, then switch two output low levels, otherwise, be switch in this two output be connected with each other crossover resistance sealing-offs, fail to realize positive feedback.

Use oscillograph（Or universal meter）The output of four of positive pole connecting valve three or switch, when button switch does not connect with ground wire, four, three, switch and switch is output as one high and one low, is otherwise to connect wrong.When button switch is communicated with ground wire, three, switch is a high position with the output of four is switched, and is otherwise switching diode sealing-off or push contact not in contact with good.

B, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connecting valve two output, while pressing button switch, loose one's grip afterwards, now switching the output of two gate output terminals should make one-shot change and such as be changed into low level from a high position, be the polar orientation even mistake of steering diode one if incorrect.

C, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connecting valve two output, button switch is pressed again, now switching the output of two will again occur one-shot change, such as be changed into high-order again from low level, be the polar orientation even mistake of steering diode two if incorrect.

D, inspection state indicate whether correctly, often to press a button, and state instruction can occur one-shot change, otherwise be Miswire.

4th, check and debugging partial pressure exciting unit.

On instrument connection, a testing capacitor is connected, adjust the frequency of gate circuit type pulse unit, increase frequency, the partial pressure exciting unit high position output point that now occurring has output increases.

On instrument connection, a test inductance is connected, adjust the frequency of gate circuit type pulse unit, increase frequency, the partial pressure exciting unit high position output point that now occurring has output is reduced.

When output point is for a high position, the excitation door that the point is connected is output as low level, is otherwise to encourage the input of door to break with the line of output point.

5th, check and debugging sound and display system, termination unit.

When A, output point are high-order more, display unit is bright must be more, if it is not, the connection of excitation door and display unit should be checked.

B, at steady state, display unit lights when indicating bright situation, and one bright two puts out, and is first to start that door is luminous to be indicated bright before this, and second and third starts the luminous instruction of door and puts out, and being afterwards that the second startup door is luminous indicates bright, and the first and third luminous instruction of startup door is put out.Third for the 3rd luminous instruction of startup door is bright, the first and second luminous instruction of startup door is put out.Then circulate.

C, when last of last display unit starts door and starts, it is all of it is luminous indicate all to be changed into second color, while carry out the circulation of flashing of flowing water shape by the rule of the third color, this rule will last till the beginning demonstrated next time.It is that the positive feedback of termination unit is not welded if incorrect, power amplifier door does not export low level.

The 3rd startup door of D, each display unit（Last starts door）During startup, voice indicates that musical sound can be sent.Should otherwise check that voice indicates whether sealing-off.

6th, check and debug termination unit and restart unit.

A, when last of last display unit starts door and starts, it is all of it is luminous indicate all to be changed into second color, while carry out the circulation of flashing of flowing water shape by the rule of the third color, this rule will last till the beginning demonstrated next time.It is that the positive feedback of termination unit is not welded if incorrect, power amplifier door does not export low level.

B, all display units do not produce the glittering of the first color, just directly produce second color variations.Then it is terminate door input and last protection diode sealing-off started between door output of last display unit in the case where line is errorless, the original state of termination unit is made a mistake.

C, when demonstration element insert instrument connection after, restart an output and should be low, it is incorrect, the input resistance of the unit should be adjusted, be allowed to meet the requirements.

7th, check that the pulse power is the working condition under DC state.

The pulse power is switched under DC state with button switch, now oscillograph is shown as direct current.

On instrument connection, connect a testing capacitor, at this moment display unit occur transient state it is bright once.

On instrument connection, a test inductance is connected, at this moment display level occurs the bright situation of all units.

On instrument connection, the resistance of different resistances is connected, if resistance is smaller, bright unit is more.

Claims (4)

1. autoexcitation formula lifts circuit heuristics, it is characterized in that：By non-gate-type electronic switch, non-gate-type pulse unit, auto-excitation type amplifying unit, partial pressure exciting unit, display level, termination unit restarts unit, and voice unit is collectively constituted；

Wherein：Non- gate-type electronic switch is made up of button switch, switch clamp diode, four switch gates, two state instructions, two steering diodes, two switching diodes, two crossover resistances, two input resistances：A state instruction is connect respectively between the output of one, switch and two, switch and power supply, the indirect steering diode one of input with the output for switching three of one, switch, the indirect steering diode two of input with the output for switching four of two, switch, the output of two, output and the switch of one, switch connects crossover resistance one；The output of two, switch connects crossover resistance two with the input for switching, the output of two, switch connects input resistance two with the input for switching three, the output of three, switch connects input resistance one with the input for switching four, two switching diodes are connected on the input of three, switch, switch the input of four and one end of button switch respectively, another terminating systems ground wire of controlling switch, the output of two, switch is the output of non-gate-type electronic switch, connects the negative pole of switch clamp diode；

Gate circuit type pulse unit is by pulse one, pulse two, impulsive quarantine not gate, pulsed capacitance；2.6th, pulse resistance one, pulse resistance two, impulsive quarantine resistance composition；The output of pulse one connects the input of pulse two, the output of pulse two connects impulsive quarantine resistance to the input of impulsive quarantine not gate, pulsed capacitance is connected on output and the pulse center point of pulse two, pulse resistance one connects output and the pulse center point of pulse one, pulse resistance two connects input and the pulse center point of pulse one, the positive pole for switching clamp diode connects the input of impulsive quarantine not gate, and the output of impulsive quarantine not gate connects instrument connection to the commutation diode of auto-excitation type amplifying unit；

Auto-excitation type amplifying unit by commutation diode, one-level lifting electric capacity, lifting diode I and II lifting electric capacity, lifting diode two, three-level lifting electric capacity, lifting one, lifting two, oscillating capacitance, oscillation resistance one, oscillation resistance two, lifting isolating diode, penetrate with base resistance one, penetrate with base resistance two, penetrate and constituted with pipe earth resistance with managing, penetrate；Commutation diode,Two lifting Diode series are between the positive pole of instrument connection and lifting isolating diode,Its middle series connection point connects a positive pole for lifting electric capacity respectively,One-level lifts the negative pole ground wire of electric capacity,The negative pole of two-stage hoisting electric capacity connects the output of lifting one,The negative pole of three-level lifting electric capacity connects the output of lifting two,The output of lifting one connects the input of lifting two,Oscillating capacitance is connected on output and the oscillation center point of lifting two,Oscillation resistance one connects output and the oscillation center point of lifting one,Oscillation resistance two connects input and the oscillation center point of lifting one,The negative pole of isolating diode connects to be penetrated with base resistance one,Penetrate and penetrated with base resistance two to penetrating with the base stage of pipe with the series connection of base resistance one,Penetrate between the emitter stage and system ground wire for being connected on pipe earth resistance and being penetrated with pipe,Penetrate and connect power supply with the colelctor electrode of pipe,Penetrate with the emitter stage of pipe be auto-excitation type amplifying unit output；

Partial pressure exciting unit is made up of inclined under Multilevel partial-pressure, partial pressure, multiple excitation doors；Every grade of partial pressure is all made up of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube, partial pressure earth resistance, every grade of partial pressure voltage-stabiliser tube be connected on auto-excitation type amplifying unit output and partial pressure under partially between, system ground wire is connected under partial pressure partially, each series connection point turns into output point, connect a partial pressure earth resistance to system ground wire, each output point connects an input for excitation door, and the output of each excitation door connects the ground wire of correspondence display unit；

Voice unit is made up of multiple speech sound devices with the series arm of voice protective resistance；

Display level is made up of multiple display units：Each display unit has three startup doors, and three luminous instructions, three output end resistance, three isolating diodes, three commissure electric capacity, each input resistance for starting door is constituted with earth resistance：Each input for starting door connects an input resistance with power supply,With an indirect earth resistance of the ground wire of this display unit,Each starts an indirect isolating diode of the output with the positive pole of commissure electric capacity of door,The negative pole of isolating diode connects the output for starting door,Positive pole connects the positive pole of commissure electric capacity,The positive pole of each isolating diode connects an output end resistance with power supply,The positive pole of commissure electric capacity connects a charging resistor with power supply,The negative pole of the first commissure electric capacity connects the input of the second startup door,The negative pole of the second commissure electric capacity connects the input of the 3rd startup door,The negative pole of the 3rd commissure electric capacity connects the input of the first startup door,Each output for starting door connects a negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube in a luminous instruction,Second negative electrode of all common-anode luminous tubes connects,Last of each display unit starts the output of door with an indirect speech sound device of power supply and the series arm of voice protective resistance；

Termination unit is made up of termination door, lock diode, protection diode, compensation resistance, commissure resistance, power amplifier door, the first termination clamp diode, last termination clamp diode；

Unit is restarted by restarting door, restarting input resistance, restart output diode and constitute；

The indirect protection diode of output with the termination door input of the 3rd startup door of last display unit; the output of termination door connects commissure resistance to the input of power amplifier door; the output of power amplifier door and the indirect clamp diode of the ground wire of each display unit; the output of power amplifier door has been also connected with the second negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube in each luminous instruction; exporting and penetrating for power amplifier door is connected to lock diode with the base stage of pipe, and compensation resistance is connected between the input of termination door and the output of power amplifier door；

Penetrate and restart input resistance to the input for restarting door with penetrating to be connect with the series connection point of base resistance two with base resistance one, the output for restarting door connects the input for restarting output diode to termination door.

2. autoexcitation formula according to claim 1 lifts circuit heuristics, it is characterized in that：Every grade of excitation door is all formed in parallel by two not gates.

3. autoexcitation formula according to claim 1 lifts circuit heuristics, it is characterized in that：All doors all use integrated circuit CD4069.

4. autoexcitation formula according to claim 1 lifts circuit heuristics, it is characterized in that：By common-anode luminous tube, positive electricity resistance is in series together for each luminous instruction.