CN106894951A - 具有模块化传动系的风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

具有模块化传动系的风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN106894951A
CN106894951A CN201611167079.2A CN201611167079A CN106894951A CN 106894951 A CN106894951 A CN 106894951A CN 201611167079 A CN201611167079 A CN 201611167079A CN 106894951 A CN106894951 A CN 106894951A
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main shaft
gear
box
wind turbine
order
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帕特里克·萨恩斯·德·乌加特·塞维利亚
何塞·马里亚·萨·萨
阿尔瓦罗·马丁内兹·城
阿尔弗雷多·费尔南德兹·西松
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/80Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
    • F03D80/88Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of mechanical components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H1/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0691Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the hub
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00Transmission of mechanical power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H1/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/48Special means compensating for misalignment of axes, e.g. for equalising distribution of load on the face width of the teeth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/60Shafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/40Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有模块化传动系的风力涡轮机。提供了一种风力涡轮机(11),其中,对应于主轴(21)和齿轮箱(23)的第一级(42)的传动系部分由两个可分离模块(31,41)构成并且在主轴(21)与行星架(47)之间包括构造成允许它们之间的挠性联接的连接装置(51)。第一模块(31)包括主轴(21)、壳体(33)和在壳体(33)中作为主轴(21)的支承装置的两个轴承(35,37)。第二模块(41)包括齿轮箱(23)的第一级(42)、壳体(43)和在壳体(43)中作为齿轮箱(23)的第一级(42)的支承装置并位于与第一模块(31)相邻的一侧的双圆锥滚柱轴承(45)。

Description

具有模块化传动系的风力涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机,更具体地涉及一种模块化地构成以便容易安装和维修的风力涡轮机传动系。
背景技术
典型的风力涡轮机中的传动系的主要结构件是转子毂、主轴和通过高-中速轴与发电机连接的齿轮箱。这些结构件的主要用途是将由风力涡轮机转子产生的驱动转矩传递到发电机并且提高轴速度以便实现发电机转子的适当转速。次要用途是将风力涡轮机转子的重量、推力和不对称的转子力矩——即倾斜和横摆力矩——传递到主框架并由此进一步传递到塔架和基座。
在风力发电行业的发展中,构件集成已成为实现尽可能使传动系重量最小化并且避免它们的不同构件的外部和内部负荷的相互干涉的紧凑式风力涡轮机的一个重要因素。这种趋势的例子包括EP1373720B1中记载的风力涡轮机和EP2072863B1中记载的齿轮箱。
另一显著趋势是构件的标准化,并且作为其一个例子,可提及US2010/009799A1中记载的齿轮箱。
构件的集成和标准化两者都试图满足风力发电行业对以有利于其组装和维护的方式构成的风力涡轮机的需求。
本发明旨在满足特别是对具有大于3MW的陆地和海上两种风力涡轮机的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有传动系的风力涡轮机,所述传动系构造成有利于其组装和维护,从而特别是允许缺陷构件的更换。
特别地,对应于主轴和齿轮箱第一级的传动系部分由两个可分离模块构成,第一模块包括主轴、壳体和两个轴承并且第二模块包括齿轮箱第一级、壳体和在壳体中作为齿轮箱第一级的支承装置的与第一模块相邻的双圆锥滚柱轴承。此外,所述传动系部分包括位于主轴与齿轮箱第一级的行星架之间的构造成允许其间的挠性联接的连接装置。
在一个实施例中,行星架包括支承多个行星轴的转向架板,其中行星齿轮借助于轴承可旋转地安装在转向架板的两侧。
本发明的其它特征和优点将从以下参照附图对说明本发明的目的实施例的详细描述显而易见。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出风力涡轮机的主要构件。
图2是根据本发明的风力涡轮机的传动系部分的截面图。
图3是根据本发明的实施例的风力涡轮机的传动系部分的截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及的风力涡轮机11包括(参见图1)支承机舱15的塔架14,机舱15收纳用于将风力涡轮机转子的旋转能变换为电能的发电机27。风力涡轮机转子包括转子毂12和典型地三个叶片13。转子毂12经主轴21与齿轮箱23连接,齿轮箱23又经由高-中速轴24与发电机27连接以传递由风力涡轮机转子产生的转矩并因此实现发电机转子的适当转速。
本发明特别涉及由第一模块31和第二模块41构成(参见图2)的传动系的第一部分。
第一模块31包括主轴21、主轴21的壳体33和作为主轴21在壳体33中的支承装置的两个轴承35、37,壳体33又具有与机舱15的支撑结构连接以向其传递由主轴21传输的负荷从而使得它们又传递到塔架14及其基座的连接装置(图2中未示出)。
第二模块41包括齿轮箱23的第一级42、齿轮箱23的第一级42的壳体43和作为齿轮箱23的第一级42在壳体43中的支承装置的采用“X”或“O”构型布置的双圆锥滚柱轴承45,壳体43又具有附装到机舱15的支撑结构以传递由齿轮箱23的第一级42传输的负荷从而使得它们又传递到塔架14及其基座的附装装置(图2中未示出)。
齿轮箱23的第一级42属于行星式,在图2中仅示出行星架47和齿圈49。齿轮箱23的第一级42的支承装置位于与主轴21相邻的一侧的事实允许减小其轴向尺寸并因此减轻其重量。
第一模块31与第二模块41之间的附装/分离通过一方面附装/分离它们各自的壳体33、43并且另一方面通过附装/分离主轴21和齿轮箱23的行星架47来完成。
前一种利用这些结构之间附装/分离常规装置(图2中未示出)执行。
后一种通过主轴21和行星架47之间的构造成提供允许它们挠性联接的连接装置51执行,这种挠性联接允许传输由风力涡轮机11的转子产生的驱动转矩并且过滤和避免其它转子负荷(重量、推力和不对称转子力矩)在它们被主轴21的轴承35、37吸收时的传输。因此,导入齿轮箱23的第一级42中的唯一负荷是比由转子产生的负荷低得多的由连接装置51产生的负荷。
该连接装置51可由例如附装在主轴21和行星架47上的两个协作部件以及布置成吸收它们之间的可能的径向错位的补充弹性装置构成。
WO2012/052022A1中记载了允许所述挠性联接的连接装置51的其它构型。
主轴21与齿轮箱23的第一级42的行星架47之间的挠性联接与设置在与第一模块31相邻的一侧的支承齿轮箱23的第一级42的双圆锥滚柱轴承45的组合允许仅传输到齿轮箱23的第一级42的转子力是有利于构成模块31、41中的传动系的第一部分的驱动转矩的力。
在一个优选实施例中,齿轮箱23的第一级42构造成(参见图3)具有行星架47,行星架47包括支承多个行星轴71的转向架板65,在所述行星轴上行星齿轮55、55'借助于轴承67、67'可旋转地安装在转向架板65的两侧。由主轴21传输到行星架47的驱动转矩因此传输到行星齿轮55、55'。行星齿轮55、55'与静态齿圈49和太阳齿轮57的交互将驱动转矩传输到轴63。
称为“转向架”构型的齿轮箱23的第一级42的这种构型有助于防止行星轴71相对于齿圈49的错位。换言之,太阳齿轮57、行星齿轮25、25'和齿圈49在平行于行星架47的旋转轴线的轴向上大致对齐。
因此,如果为了将主轴21和齿轮箱23之间的挠性联接与用于支承齿轮箱23的第一级42的双圆锥滚柱轴承45组合而增加齿轮箱23的第一级42的“转向架”构型,则可实现仅从转子传输到齿轮箱23的力为驱动转矩的力的把握更大。
尽管已结合各种实施例说明了本发明,但根据说明书应理解,其中的元件的各种组合、变型或改进可被做出,并且处于通过附后权利要求限定的本发明的范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种风力涡轮机(11),包括:
-塔架(14);
-位于机舱(15)内部的传动系,所述传动系包括支承转子叶片(13)的转子毂(12)、具有行星式第一级(42)的齿轮箱(23)和通过高-中速轴(24)与所述齿轮箱(23)连接的发电机(27),行星架(47)借助于主轴(21)与所述转子毂(12)连接,其中,与所述主轴(21)和所述齿轮箱(23)的所述第一级(42)对应的传动系部分:
a)由两个单独的模块(31,41)构成;第一模块(31)包括所述主轴(21)、所述主轴的壳体(33)和在该壳体(33)中作为所述主轴(21)的支承装置的两个轴承(35,37);第二模块(41)包括所述齿轮箱(23)的所述第一级(42)、所述第一级的壳体(43)和在该壳体(43)中作为所述齿轮箱(23)的所述第一级(42)的支承装置并位于与所述第一模块(31)相邻的一侧的双圆锥滚柱轴承(45);
b)在所述主轴(21)与所述行星架(47)之间包括构造成允许所述主轴与所述行星架之间的挠性联接的连接装置(51)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机(11),其中,所述行星架(47)包括支承多个行星轴(71)的转向架板(65),其中,行星齿轮(55,55')经由轴承(67,67')可旋转地安装在所述转向架板(65)的两侧。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的风力涡轮机(11),其中,所述双圆锥滚珠轴承(45)采用“X”构型布置。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的风力涡轮机(11),其中,所述双圆锥滚珠轴承(45)采用“O”构型布置。
CN201611167079.2A 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 具有模块化传动系的风力涡轮机 Pending CN106894951A (zh)

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CN111502933A (zh) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-07 西门子歌美飒可再生能源创新与技术有限公司 用于风力涡轮机的轴承装置和风力涡轮机

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EP4253781A1 (en) * 2022-03-30 2023-10-04 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology S.L. Coupling assembly
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US20170175717A1 (en) 2017-06-22

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