CN106894296A - A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods - Google Patents
A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106894296A CN106894296A CN201710249139.3A CN201710249139A CN106894296A CN 106894296 A CN106894296 A CN 106894296A CN 201710249139 A CN201710249139 A CN 201710249139A CN 106894296 A CN106894296 A CN 106894296A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
- E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods, comprise the following steps：1) beam face dabbing；2) embedded sleeve barrel treatment；3) measurement is put in a suitable place to breed：4) reinforcement installation；5) template support；6) concrete construction.The present invention is to summarize to form a set of perfect construction technology by locale simulation experiment and practice of construction, the construction technology has directive significance for the type rail bed plates of CRTS III and self-compaction perfusion, also there is obvious economic benefit and social benefit simultaneously, the method effectively raises efficiency of construction, solve the problems, such as that some bedplate grooves ftracture, there is certain reference to the construction of later similar engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction of railways field, more particularly to a kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods.
Background technology
With the development of high-speed railway, the template non-fragment orbits of CRTS III are used as a kind of new knot constructed on Line for Passenger Transportation
Structure, the advantage such as Construction of Ballastless Track technology is because its stability is high, rigidity uniformity is good, structure durability is strong is in increasing visitor
It is widely adopted on fortune special line.
The plate-type non-fragment orbits of CRTS III are China railways engineering technology foreign mature experiences, by introducing, digesting,
Research and development are absorbed and innovate, China has the New-type plate non-fragment orbit of entirely autonomous intellectual property.
The plate-type ballastless track structures of CRTS III composition is rail, spring secures rail to sleeper, track plates, self-compacting concrete, spacing
Groove, concrete bed etc..Wherein, bedplate construction technology is more comprehensive, and the precision of track slab pavement and self-compaction perfusion
Quality be quality control key link.
Specifically, the type track structures of CRTS III have the characteristics that：
(1) the type tracks of CRTS III use unit block structure, have completely abolished the boss of the templates of CRTS I, the templates of CRTS II
Terminal spine limit method, have also been made adjustment for structure sheaf.
(2) the type track structures of CRTS III are made up of reinforced concrete footing, intermediate isolating layer, self-compacting concrete,
Wherein, the packing of self-compacting concrete perfusion determines the construction quality of track structure layer.
(3) the type track plates of CRTS III by intermediate isolating layer realize self-compacting concrete layer and bedplate between it is good every
From being easy to later period maintenance；
Meanwhile, bedplate sets two limited impressions, and the vertically and horizontally displacement to track plates plays position-limiting action.
(4) requirement of the type track structure construction qualities of CRTS III is strict, is avoided that some problems using this engineering method and improves
The construction quality and precision of track plates.
(5) the type track structure working procedures of CRTS III are complicated, and control point is more, and technological requirement is strict, and this engineering method can be reduced
Cost, raising efficiency, accelerating construction progress.
The present invention is to summarize to form a set of perfect construction technology by locale simulation experiment and practice of construction, the construction skill
Art has directive significance for the type rail bed plates of CRTS III and self-compaction perfusion, while also having obvious economic benefit and society
Can benefit.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods,
The construction technology has directive significance for the type rail bed plates of CRTS III and self-compaction perfusion, while also having obvious economical
Benefit and social benefit..
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods, comprise the following steps：
1) beam face dabbing：
To beam face longitudinal direction dabbing, further along embedded sleeve barrel centre position transverse direction dabbing, dabbing depth 1.5-2mm exposes
75% fresh concrete；
2) embedded sleeve barrel treatment：
When sleeve is effective, it is screwed into sleeve using power nail, is tightened；
If sleeve takes beam face bar planting mode when failing, perpendicular to line direction, the distance around pre-buried branch sleeve
The position drill diameter 20mm of branch sleeve Zhong Xin≤35mm, depth are the hole of 220mm, and anchoring adhesive is injected after borehole cleaning dedusting, will
Reinforcing bar is spirally inserted；
3) measurement is put in a suitable place to breed：
By no less than 3 pairs of control points of CP III, the position of bedplate being released according to fabric swatch software, used according to setting-out position
The sideline of line of ink marker ejection bedplate and the position of cross form；
4) reinforcement installation：
Bottom layer of the reinforcing steel mesh sheet installation is first carried out, next enters cross girders face dowel and installs, then carries out top layer mesh sheet installation, finally
Carry out bearing rod and limited impression cracking strip is installed；
5) template support：
Before model sheetinstallat, brushing releasing agent after template surface is cleared up；During model sheetinstallat, according to the control net measurement moulds of CP III
Plate plan-position and elevation, and mark is made in template, mark is using industrial double faced adhesive tape, spacing 50cm；
6) concrete construction：
Cast before base surface carry out atomized water spray moistening, concrete vibrating, concrete leveling, concrete-face closure, form removal and
The maintenance method of " a liquid geomembrane " is conserved.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 1) also include before：
Basic unit face is carried out an acceptance inspection before to bedplate construction, base by be connected with base surface so that track structure layer and
Base surface forms an entirety.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 3) also include：
Alignd with beam-ends settings per hole beam both sides bedplate end, cause actual beam length not to be inconsistent with theory beam length when constructing
When, the cantilevered out beam-ends of bedplate can not be more than 80mm.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 4) in,
Reinforced mesh in base is processed and formed at one time, and other reinforcing bars are by steel bar meter concentrated processing, then transport to applying
Work onsite application.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, described other reinforcing bars include bearing rod, U-shaped muscle and dowel.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 4) in,
Groove cracking strip is installed again after after groove model sheetinstallat, and anticracking tendon protective layer thickness is not more than 3cm.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 5) in,
It is bolted between base template；Expansion joint position pastes 3mm Interal fixations using 2cm polyethylenes backboard,
40*60mm square steel is fixed using G types card in top.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 5) in,
Two limited impressions, limited impression size 720mm* are set in the range of the corresponding bedplate of every piece of track plates
1020mm；
The limited impression template that will be processed is placed into base unit fixed position, and is connected solid with side form with G types card
It is fixed.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 5) in,
According to formwork support arrangement line branching standing template, template is blocked with the gap of base surface using mortar,
Limited impression template is fixed according to setting-out position, and freeboard section template uses upper and lower two-layer combination type template.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the step 6) in,
Base board concrete is vibrated using internal vibration rod, and vibrating time one is 20~30s, follows fast in process of vibrating
The slow mode pulled out is inserted, after the completion of concrete tamping, is manually struck off with aluminium alloy chi, it is ensured that the flatness of top surface；At the beginning for the treatment of concrete
Second receipts face is carried out after solidifying before final set, the secondary receipts face time is no more than 4h；Side form reaches 5MPa with enterprising in concrete strength
Row form removal；
The maintenance method of " a liquid geomembrane " sprays curing fluid for timely after the completion of base groove receipts face in groove surrounding,
Geotextiles are covered again, and outer layer covers one layer of plastic cloth moisture-keeping maintaining, covering at least 14 days moisture-keeping maintaining time of watering.
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention, has the advantages that：
Bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods of the invention, it is recessed from the treatment of beam face, bar planting, bedplate
The constructions such as groove, concreting, maintenance aspect, the construction method and control for describing the template unballasted track bed plates of CRTS III will
Point, the construction technology effectively raises efficiency of construction, solves the problems, such as that some bedplate grooves ftracture, to later similar work
The construction of journey has certain reference.
Bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods of the invention, the method effectively raises construction
Efficiency, solves the problems, such as that some bedplate grooves ftracture, and has certain reference to the construction of later similar engineering.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below, in order to further understand the present invention.
All experimental techniques for using unless otherwise specified, are conventional method in following examples.
A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods, comprise the following steps：Preparation of construction, CP III are controlled
Net repetition measurement, the examination of beam face, basal plane treatment, mesh sheet installation, template support, concreting, maintenance.
Specifically：
(1) beam face dabbing
Basic unit face is carried out an acceptance inspection before bedplate construction, base is connected so that track structure layer and base by with base surface
Plinth face forms an entirety, therefore beam face dabbing is particularly important.
In order to preferably reach dabbing effect using dabbing and dabbing, dabbing longitudinal first, then along in embedded sleeve barrel
Between position transverse direction dabbing.The preferred depth of dabbing is 1.5-2mm, exposes 75% fresh concrete.
(2) embedded sleeve barrel treatment
Connection reinforcing bar at service sleeve will be connected firmly, and forbid to loosen.WELDING STUDS is screwed into sleeve at least 1.5 times straight
Electrical path length, screw-down torque is not less than 100n.m.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can be according to need
Carry out corresponding rescaling.
If sleeve takes beam face bar planting mode when failing, should be carried out before bar planting detection determine bar planting scope without bridge reinforcement and
Prestress wire, then perpendicular to line direction, apart from the position of branch sleeve Zhong Xin≤35mm around pre-buried branch sleeve
The hole that drill diameter 20mm, depth are 220mm is put, anchoring adhesive is injected after borehole cleaning dedusting, reinforcing bar is spirally inserted.Certainly, originally
Invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding rescaling.
(3) measurement is put in a suitable place to breed
By no less than 3 pairs of control points of CP III, the position of bedplate being released according to fabric swatch software, used according to setting-out position
The sideline of line of ink marker ejection bedplate and the position of cross form.Alignd with beam-ends setting per hole beam both sides bedplate end, constructed
When because when the other reasonses such as beam processed cause actual beam length not to be inconsistent with theoretical beam length, the cantilevered out beam-ends of bedplate can not be more than 80mm.
Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding rescaling.
(4) reinforcement installation
Bottom layer of the reinforcing steel mesh sheet installation is first carried out, next enters cross girders face dowel and installs, then carries out top layer mesh sheet installation, finally
Carry out bearing rod and limited impression cracking strip is installed.
Reinforced mesh in base is processed and formed at one time, and other reinforcing bars (such as bearing rod, U-shaped muscle, dowel) are by reinforcing bar
Processing space concentrated processing, then transport to job site and use.The invention is not limited in the reinforcing bar of above-mentioned several types, this area
Technical staff can be replaced as needed.
Bedplate groove cracking strip is installed again after after groove model sheetinstallat.Cracking strip must control protective layer thickness,
3cm can not be more than.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding yardstick
Adjustment.
(5) template support
Before model sheetinstallat, brushing releasing agent after template surface is cleared up, during model sheetinstallat, according to the control net measurement moulds of CP III
Plate plan-position and elevation, and mark is made in template, mark is using industrial double faced adhesive tape, spacing 50cm.Certainly, the present invention simultaneously
This is not limited to, those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding rescaling.
It is connected between base template, Template Location is accurate, smooth-going, firm, seam is installed tightly, prevents swollen mould, leakage
Slurry.Expansion joint position pastes 3mm Interal fixations using 2cm polyethylenes backboard, and 40*60mm square steel is consolidated using G types card in top
It is fixed.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding rescaling.
Two limited impressions, limited impression size 720mm* are set in the range of the corresponding bedplate of every piece of track plates
1020mm.The limited impression template that will be processed is placed into base unit fixed position, and is connected solid with side form with G types card
It is fixed.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can as needed carry out corresponding rescaling.
In strict accordance with formwork support arrangement line branching standing template, template is blocked with the gap of base surface using mortar, forbids spillage, is limited
Position groove template is fixed in strict accordance with setting-out position, and freeboard section template is using upper and lower two-layer combination type template (straight line height+maximum
Superelevation value is combined).
After the completion of curved section construction, by dismantling template by be transferred to straightway and use.
(6) concrete construction
1) spray：
Base surface will carry out atomized water spray moistening before cast, forbid seeping phenomenon occur.
2) concrete vibrating：
Base board concrete is vibrated using internal vibration rod.Vibrating time is suitable, and general control is in 20~30s
Preferably.That is, be no longer sunk with concrete surface, bubble-free, surface bleeding are advisable, it is to avoid leakage is shaken, cross to shake.
The fast mode inserted and pull out slowly is followed in process of vibrating, and should prevent from hitting reinforcing bar and template (particularly groove template)
Hit.
Groove surrounding answers vibration compacting, and base absolute altitude should be strictly controlled in construction.
3) in process of vibrating, the stability of shuttering supporting and the closely sealed situation of seam are checked, prevents from running mould, swollen mould and spillage
Situations such as occur.
4) concrete leveling：
After the completion of concrete tamping, manually struck off with aluminium alloy chi, it is ensured that the flatness of top surface.Treat
Second receipts face, secondary receipts face time in the general presetting period according to concrete are carried out after concrete initial set before final set
It is determined that, it is usually no more than 4 hours.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, it is also possible to superelevation 4h.
5) concrete-face closure：
Because base plate surface need to lay geotextiles, so concrete surface is without plucking, only need to be floating, in both sides
Must harvest smooth surface in the range of the flowing water slope of 250mm.Above-mentioned size is only preferred size of the invention, is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
6) side form：
More than 5MPa is reached in concrete strength, when its surface and corner angle are not damaged because of form removal, form removal is carried out.
7) concrete curing：
Bedplate concrete curing is timely in groove after the completion of base groove receipts face by the way of " a liquid geomembrane "
Surrounding sprays curing fluid, is then covered by geotextiles, and outer layer covers one layer of plastic cloth moisture-keeping maintaining.The covering watering moisture-keeping maintaining time
At least 14 days.Certainly, the invention is not limited in this, those skilled in the art can as needed select suitable maintenance method.
The above-mentioned bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods of the present invention, key control point is needed in its construction method
And corrective measure：
(1) bedplate key control point
1) due to outside height difference in curved section, 7% flowing water slope is set in the range of bedplate requirement both sides 250mm, prevents
Only self-compaction root ponding.
Frost heave is susceptible to after the ponding geotextiles water suction of severe cold area self-compaction root.The flowing water slope control of 3 in Curve Segment
It is particularly main.
Scale trowel during construction using 250mm receives face, and the flowing water slope gradient is checked using grade rod.
2) bedplate groove crackle.
Bedplate groove surrounding is easy to crackle occur due to stress concentration, and groove must be controlled in work progress
The anticracking tendon protective layer of surrounding, control to 2-3cm.
3) construction of bedplate expansion joint cystosepiment is important key control point.
Bothered because the bedplate expansion joint later stage is processed, track plates do not allow tooled joint, thus position at the top of cystosepiment and
It is linear particularly critical.
Cystosepiment is close to using the thick steel plates of 3mm during construction, 40*60mm square steel is fixed and ensures bubble by top using G types card
Foam printed line is attractive in appearance.
(2) corrective measure
1) after the completion of bedplate concrete vibrating, the small mesh sheet of steel wire of 10*10mm is increased in groove surrounding, corner location is every
Individual angle inserts one piece, is 10mm or so apart from concrete surface.The method can efficiently solve the aperature of angle of bedplate groove four
Problem.
2) after the completion of bedplate groove receipts face, curing fluid was sprayed in corner first before covering, for groove crackle
Appearance plays a good role.
3) when bedplate expansion joint cystosepiment is constructed, being close to cystosepiment top using the thick steel plates of 3mm will using G types card
40*60mm square steel is fixed, and can effectively ensure the linear of expansion joint.
4) one piece of square tube of 20mm of bedplate end head formwork bottom welding, one block of steel plate of oblique welding.Beam-ends can be allowed weather-proof
Combining closely when steel is poured with bedplate.
A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods of the invention, it is from the treatment of beam face, bar planting, base
The constructions such as plate groove, concreting, maintenance aspect describes construction method and the control of the template unballasted track bed plates of CRTS III
Main points processed and corrective measure, the construction technology effectively raise efficiency of construction, solve some bedplate grooves cracking
Problem, has certain reference to the construction of later similar engineering.
For synthesis, a kind of construction method of bridge area CRTSIII template bedplates of the invention, the construction party
Method can effectively improve existing efficiency of construction, solve at present construction present in some on bedplate groove cracking
Problem, has certain guidance and reference to the construction of later similar engineering.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, so it is not intended to limit the present invention, any people in the art
Member, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make a variety of selections and modification, therefore protection model of the invention
Enclose and limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) beam face dabbing：To beam face longitudinal direction dabbing, further along embedded sleeve barrel centre position transverse direction dabbing, dabbing depth 1.5-2mm,
Expose 75% fresh concrete；
2) embedded sleeve barrel treatment：When sleeve is effective, it is screwed into sleeve using power nail, is tightened；If sleeve takes beam face when failing
Bar planting mode, perpendicular to line direction, apart from the position drill straight of branch sleeve Zhong Xin≤35mm around pre-buried branch sleeve
Footpath 20mm, depth are the hole of 220mm, and anchoring adhesive is injected after borehole cleaning dedusting, and reinforcing bar is spirally inserted；
3) measurement is put in a suitable place to breed：By no less than 3 pairs of control points of CP III, the position of bedplate being released according to fabric swatch software, according to setting-out
Position is using the sideline of line of ink marker ejection bedplate and the position of cross form；
4) reinforcement installation：Bottom layer of the reinforcing steel mesh sheet installation is first carried out, next enters cross girders face dowel and installs, then carries out top layer mesh sheet peace
Dress, finally carries out bearing rod and limited impression cracking strip is installed；
5) template support：Before model sheetinstallat, brushing releasing agent after template surface is cleared up；During model sheetinstallat, controlled according to CP III
Net measurement module plan-position and elevation, and mark is made in template, mark is using industrial double faced adhesive tape, spacing 50cm；
6) concrete construction：Cast before base surface carry out atomized water spray moistening, concrete vibrating, concrete leveling, concrete-face closure,
The maintenance method of form removal and " a liquid geomembrane " is conserved.
2. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 1) also to include before：Basic unit face is carried out an acceptance inspection before being constructed to bedplate, base is connected so that track by with base surface
Structure sheaf forms an entirety with base surface.
3. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 3) also to include setting of being alignd with beam-ends per hole beam both sides bedplate end, actual beam length is caused when construction with theoretical beam length not
Fu Shi, the cantilevered out beam-ends of bedplate can not be more than 80mm.
4. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 4) in reinforced mesh in base be processed and formed at one time, other reinforcing bars are by steel bar meter concentrated processing, then transport to construction
Onsite application.
5. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that it is described its
He includes bearing rod, U-shaped muscle and dowel by reinforcing bar.
6. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid 4) further groove cracking strip is installed again after after groove model sheetinstallat, and anticracking tendon protective layer thickness is not more than 3cm.
7. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 5) in, be bolted between base template；Expansion joint position pastes 3mm Interal fixations using 2cm polyethylenes backboard, on
40*60mm square steel is fixed using G types card by portion.
8. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 5) in, two limited impressions, limited impression size 720mm*1020mm are set in the range of the corresponding bedplate of every piece of track plates；
The limited impression template that will be processed is placed into base unit fixed position, and is connected with G types card and side form.
9. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 5) in, according to formwork support arrangement line branching standing template, template is blocked with the gap of base surface using mortar, limited impression template according to
Setting-out position is fixed, and freeboard section template uses upper and lower two-layer combination type template.
10. bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 6) in, base board concrete is vibrated using internal vibration rod, and vibrating time one is 20~30s, follows fast in process of vibrating
The slow mode pulled out is inserted, after the completion of concrete tamping, is manually struck off with aluminium alloy chi, it is ensured that the flatness of top surface；At the beginning for the treatment of concrete
Second receipts face is carried out after solidifying before final set, the secondary receipts face time is no more than 4h；Side form reaches 5MPa with enterprising in concrete strength
Row form removal；The maintenance method of " a liquid geomembrane " sprays curing fluid for timely after the completion of base groove receipts face in groove surrounding,
Geotextiles are covered again, and outer layer covers one layer of plastic cloth moisture-keeping maintaining, covering at least 14 days moisture-keeping maintaining time of watering.
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| CN201710249139.3A CN106894296A (en) | 2017-04-17 | 2017-04-17 | A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods |
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| CN201710249139.3A CN106894296A (en) | 2017-04-17 | 2017-04-17 | A kind of bridge area CRTSIII template base board construction methods |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107988852A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-04 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | The construction method of III plate-type non-fragment orbit new structures of tunnel location CRTS |
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| CN104480802A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-01 | 中铁八局集团有限公司 | Construction method of CRTS III plate type ballastless track |
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| CN101195983A (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-06-11 | 中铁二局股份有限公司 | Unballasted track bed plate construction method |
| KR20140076937A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-23 | 강남훈 | 3D precast slab track manufacturing device |
| CN104480802A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-01 | 中铁八局集团有限公司 | Construction method of CRTS III plate type ballastless track |
| CN105755915A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-13 | 中铁十二局集团第七工程有限公司 | Construction method for CRTS III plate type ballastless track bed plate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107988852A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-04 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | The construction method of III plate-type non-fragment orbit new structures of tunnel location CRTS |
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Application publication date: 20170627 |