CN106893940A - Sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel and its production method - Google Patents
Sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel and its production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106893940A CN106893940A CN201710071295.5A CN201710071295A CN106893940A CN 106893940 A CN106893940 A CN 106893940A CN 201710071295 A CN201710071295 A CN 201710071295A CN 106893940 A CN106893940 A CN 106893940A
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- sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel and its production method, it uses the double refinings of converter smelting, LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure, and production obtains section bloom；The section bloom is heated again, rolling and refrigerating work procedure, you can obtain the cold heading steel；The composition percentage composition by weight of the section bloom is：C 0.10~0.20%, Si 0.10~0.40%, Mn 0.60~0.90%, Cr 0.90~1.20%, Mo 0.10~0.30%, S 0.030~0.060%, Alt 0.02~0.06%, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.40%, Ti≤0.010%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.This method reduces the harmful elements such as P, Cu, Ti by the rationally solution strengthening element such as design C, Si, Mn, and using the double refinings of LF+RH and bloom technique, the hardness of gren rod is reduced to reach, and improves the purpose of wire rod plasticity；This method improves the cutting ability of wire rod by adding S elements, and final production goes out the cold heading steel with good cold heading performance and cutting ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold-forging steel and its production method, especially a kind of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel and its life
Product method.
Background technology
Chinese Automobile Industry ' is fast-developing, and Chinese automobile yield in 2009 has surmounted the U.S. turns into the maximum production in the whole world
State and country of consumption.According to the statistics that middle vapour association announces, annual China automobile sales volume reaches 2459.76 ten thousand, 2016 within 2015
Year prediction sales volume is up to 26,040,000, increases by about 6% on a year-on-year basis.Cotter seat as the indispensable parts in automobile engine,
Market demand prospect is considerable.
At present, produced by the way of multi-station cold-heading and machining more than cotter seat, cold-heading deflection is big, cutting
Working position is more, and this does not require nothing more than wire rod has good cold heading performance, but also to possess good cutting ability, to save
Save mould loss, reduces cost.Therefore, production possesses good cold heading performance and the cotter seat sulfur-bearing of cutting ability is easily cut
Cut cold-forging steel particularly important.
Having some producers both at home and abroad at present can produce sulphur free-cutting steel or cold-forging steel, but good cold on taking into account simultaneously
The cold-forging steel production of upsetting performance and cutting ability is also rarely reported.Patent application publication number CN105861955A discloses a kind of warp
Ji type sulfur-bearing Cutting free austenitic stainless steel alloy material, its alloy material low cost and cutting ability and hot-working character are good
It is good, but mainly for austenitic stainless steel, production technology is very different with purposes with cold-forging steel.Patent application publication number
CN1664150A discloses the manufacture method of a kind of sulfur-containing free-cutting pinion steel and its steel pipe, and it passes through addition 0.03~0.05%
S unit usually improve cutting ability；But the method uses electric furnace+die casting process, power consumption cost is high, molds production efficiency
It is low.Patent application publication number CN1667129A discloses a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing easy-cutting untempered steel, its use converter-
LF- continuous casting process produces the non-modulation steel of Cutting free, but needs to add nitrogen pick-up alloy and vanadium iron, increased production cost.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel of good performance；The present invention
Additionally provide a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, composition of the invention percentage composition by weight is：C 0.10~0.20%, Si 0.10
~0.40%, Mn 0.60~0.90%, Cr 0.90~1.20%, Mo 0.10~0.30%, S 0.030~0.060%, Alt 0.02
~0.06%, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.40%, Ti≤0.010%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
Design of Chemical Composition of the invention is as described below：
C is solution strengthening element, and carbon content is too low, it is impossible to ensure the intensity and hardness of fastener；But carbon content is too high, then hot rolling
Wire rod intensity is high, and plasticity is low, and cold-heading is easy to crack.Therefore, it is necessary to consider the balance of intensity and cold heading performance, therefore carbon control is 0.10
~0.20%.
Si can improve wire rod intensity and tempering heat treatment stability, but it is too high cold-heading resistance of deformation will be caused drastically to raise,
Cold heading cracking, therefore Si controls are caused 0.10~0.40%.
Mn can play a part of deoxidation and improve gren rod plasticity, but excessive addition will lower wire rod plasticity and toughness,
Control is 0.60~0.90%.
S is generally well known as a kind of element for improving steel cutting ability；But cannot when the addition of S contents is less than 0.030%
Obtain good machinability；And S contents are too high, Mn/S ratios will be caused too low, the hot-working character reduction of steel.Therefore, from guarantor
From the aspect of card cutting ability and hot-working character two, S should be controlled 0.030~0.060%.
Cr and Mo：Chromium and molybdenum are solution strengthening element, can improve the intensity and quenching degree of steel, and Mo can also improve steel
Temper resistance.It is relatively costly but both belong to precious alloy, thus Cr controls in 0.90~1.20%, Mo controls 0.10
~0.30%.
Al elements are strong deoxidant elements, on the one hand can play a part of abundant deoxidation, on the other hand can crystal grain thinning, but
It is too high to cause cost increase and sprue gate dross problem, therefore Alt can be controlled in 0.02~0.06%.
P, Cu and Ti element are reduced, material fragility can be avoided, improve material flow harden rate and plasticity index.
The inventive method obtains section bloom using converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure, production；It is described
Section bloom is heated again, rolling and refrigerating work procedure, you can obtain the cold heading steel；The composition of the section bloom
Content is as described above.
Heating process described in the inventive method：Heating-up temperature is 1100~1250 DEG C, and soaking time is 100~150min.
Rolling process described in the inventive method：Including roughing, finish rolling and silking process；It is 870~920 to enter final rolling temperature
DEG C, laying temperature is controlled at 800~860 DEG C.
Refrigerating work procedure described in the inventive method：Phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is controlled in 0.5~0.8 DEG C/s.
Technological design of the invention is as described below：Using the double refinery practices of LF+RH, it is possible to decrease pernicious gas element O, N, H,
Removal non-metallic inclusion.Using bloom continuous casting, strand compression ratio is improve, fully ensured that wire rod surface quality and inside
Quality.Adjustment steel billet austenitizing temperature, makes austenite crystal fully grow up.Final rolling temperature is conducive to storage according to lower limit control
The accumulation of energy is deposited, ferrite nuclear driving force is improved, promotes ferrite transformation, and then improve the plasticity of wire rod.Appropriate reduction is told
Silk temperature, extension austenite promotes ferrite forming core and grows up, while improving ferritic crystal grain to ferritic fringe time
Size.The blower fan and stay-warm case of roller-way cooling line are closed, to reduce wire rod cooling velocity, is prevented effectively from compared with big supercooling degree, to promote
Enter ferritic abundant transformation.Cooling velocity reduction, effectively prevent the generation of excessive degree of supercooling, promote ferritic filling
Divide transformation；The temperature drop of cooling rate reduction, center portion and edge is balanced, effectively prevent thermograde so that the Ovshinsky of center portion and edge
Body cooling transformation simultaneity.
It is using the beneficial effect produced by above-mentioned technical proposal：The present invention has good cold heading performance and machinability
Can, and low cost, processing characteristics are good, can effectively down-stream enterprise's production automobile air valve spring base when requirement.
The inventive method reduces the harmful elements such as P, Cu, Ti by the rationally solution strengthening element such as design C, Si, Mn, and
Using the double refinings of LF+RH and bloom technique, the hardness of gren rod is reduced to reach, improve the purpose of wire rod plasticity；This hair
Bright method improves the cutting ability of wire rod by adding S elements, and final production goes out with good cold heading performance and cutting ability
The cold heading steel.The gren rod that the present invention is obtained, microstructure is made up of ferrite+pearlite, and 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, face
Shrinkage 65~72%, 76~80HRB of centre hardness disclosure satisfy that the requirement of good cold heading performance and cutting ability.Through pickling-phosphorus
The cotter seat that change-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-machining makes, presentation quality is excellent, with good cold
Processing characteristics, processability and cutting ability.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo of the embodiment of the present invention 1（200×）；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of the embodiment of the present invention 2（200×）.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：This sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel is produced using following methods.
Molten steel obtains section bloom through converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure（Steel billet）, its composition is by weight
Measuring percentage is：C 0.10%、Si 0.40%、Mn 0.73%、Cr 1.11%、P 0.013%、S 0.045%、Mo 0.18%、Alt
0.035%th, Cu 0.12%, Ti 0.0018%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
By heating steel billet to 1100 DEG C, soaking time 135min；Then water under high pressure dephosphorization, dephosphorization temperature is 1080 DEG C,
Seek dephosphorization hydraulic pressure at least 10MPa.Steel billet after dephosphorization is carried out to be rolled during 6+8 passages are thick, the pre- finish rolling of 4 passages, 8 passage finish rolling are entered
870 DEG C of final rolling temperature, after finish rolling terminates, laying temperature is controlled at 800 DEG C.Into steyr not cooling line, blower fan and guarantor are closed
Temperature cover, adjusts roller table speed, and the control of wire rod phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is in 0.6 DEG C/s after spinning.
The cold-forging steel gren rod of the present embodiment gained Φ 14mm specifications, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, reduction of area 72%, and center portion is hard
Degree 76HRB；Metallographic structure photo is as shown in figure 1, as seen from the figure, its microstructure is made up of ferrite+pearlite.Through certain vapour
Car fastener factory carries out deep processing（Pickling-phosphatization-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-machining）The valve bullet of making
Spring abutment, presentation quality is excellent, and without cracking phenomena, processability and cutting ability are good, and 100% is qualified.
Embodiment 2：This sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel is produced using following methods.
Molten steel obtains section bloom through converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure（Steel billet）, its composition is by weight
Measuring percentage is：C 0.13%、Si 0.15%、Mn 0.60%、Cr 1.20%、P 0.015%、S 0.035%、Mo 0.15%、Alt
0.051%th, Cu 0.10%, Ti 0.0016%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
By heating steel billet to 1180 DEG C, soaking time 130min.Then water under high pressure dephosphorization, dephosphorization temperature is 980 DEG C, it is desirable to
Dephosphorization hydraulic pressure at least 10MPa.Steel billet after dephosphorization is carried out to be rolled during 6+8 passages are thick, essence is entered in the pre- finish rolling of 4 passages, 8 passage finish rolling
880 DEG C of temperature is rolled, after finish rolling terminates, laying temperature is controlled at 810 DEG C.Into steyr not cooling line, blower fan and insulation are closed
Cover, adjusts roller table speed, and the control of wire rod phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is in 0.7 DEG C/s after spinning.
The cold-forging steel gren rod of the present embodiment gained Φ 14mm specifications, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, reduction of area 70%, and center portion is hard
Degree 77HRB；Metallographic structure photo is as shown in Fig. 2 as seen from the figure, its microstructure is made up of ferrite+pearlite.Through certain vapour
Car fastener factory carries out deep processing（Pickling-phosphatization-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-machining）The valve bullet of making
Spring abutment, presentation quality is excellent, and without cracking phenomena, processability and cutting ability are good, and 100% is qualified.
Embodiment 3：This sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel is produced using following methods.
Molten steel obtains section bloom through converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure（Steel billet）, its composition is by weight
Measuring percentage is：C 0.18%、Si 0.20%、Mn 0.90%、Cr 0.98%、P 0.016%、S 0.030%、Mo 0.23%、Alt
0.06%th, Cu 0.11%, Ti 0.0015%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
By heating steel billet to 1190 DEG C, soaking time 123min.Then water under high pressure dephosphorization, dephosphorization temperature is 1020 DEG C,
Seek dephosphorization hydraulic pressure at least 10MPa.Steel billet after dephosphorization is carried out to be rolled during 6+8 passages are thick, the pre- finish rolling of 4 passages, 8 passage finish rolling are entered
890 DEG C of final rolling temperature, after finish rolling terminates, laying temperature is controlled at 840 DEG C.Into steyr not cooling line, blower fan and guarantor are closed
Temperature cover, adjusts roller table speed, and the control of wire rod phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is in 0.5 DEG C/s after spinning.
The cold-forging steel gren rod of the present embodiment gained Φ 14mm specifications, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, reduction of area 65%, and center portion is hard
Degree 80HRB.Deep processing is carried out through certain fastening parts of automobiles factory（Pickling-phosphatization-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-cutting adds
Work）The cotter seat of making, presentation quality is excellent, and without cracking phenomena, processability and cutting ability are good, and 100% is qualified.
Embodiment 4：This sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel is produced using following methods.
Molten steel obtains section bloom through converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure（Steel billet）, its composition is by weight
Measuring percentage is：C 0.15%、Si 0.10%、Mn 0.85%、Cr 0.90%、P 0.011%、S 0.060%、Mo 0.10%、Alt
0.042%th, Cu 0.13%, Ti 0.0014%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
By heating steel billet to 1210 DEG C, soaking time 100min.Then water under high pressure dephosphorization, dephosphorization temperature is 1042 DEG C,
Seek dephosphorization hydraulic pressure at least 10MPa.Steel billet after dephosphorization is carried out to be rolled during 6+8 passages are thick, the pre- finish rolling of 4 passages, 8 passage finish rolling are entered
920 DEG C of final rolling temperature, after finish rolling terminates, laying temperature is controlled at 860 DEG C.Into steyr not cooling line, blower fan and guarantor are closed
Temperature cover, adjusts roller table speed, and the control of wire rod phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is in 0.8 DEG C/s after spinning.
The cold-forging steel gren rod of the present embodiment gained Φ 14mm specifications, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, reduction of area 66%, and center portion is hard
Degree 79HRB.Deep processing is carried out through certain fastening parts of automobiles factory, pickling-phosphatization-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-cutting adds
Work, the cotter seat of making, presentation quality is excellent, and without cracking phenomena, processability and cutting ability are good, and 100% is qualified.
Embodiment 5：This sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel is produced using following methods.
Molten steel obtains section bloom through converter smelting, the double refinings of LF+RH and continuous casting working procedure（Steel billet）, its composition is by weight
Measuring percentage is：C 0.20%、Si 0.32%、Mn 0.69%、Cr 1.14%、P 0.035%、S 0.052%、Mo 0.30%、Alt
0.02%th, Cu 0.40%, Ti 0.010%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
By heating steel billet to 1250 DEG C, soaking time 150min.Then water under high pressure dephosphorization, dephosphorization temperature is 1068 DEG C,
Seek dephosphorization hydraulic pressure at least 10MPa.Steel billet after dephosphorization is carried out to be rolled during 6+8 passages are thick, the pre- finish rolling of 4 passages, 8 passage finish rolling are entered
900 DEG C of final rolling temperature, after finish rolling terminates, laying temperature is controlled at 850 DEG C.Into steyr not cooling line, blower fan and guarantor are closed
Temperature cover, adjusts roller table speed, and the control of wire rod phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is in 0.5 DEG C/s after spinning.
The cold-forging steel gren rod of the present embodiment gained Φ 14mm specifications, 1/3 cold upsetting is qualified, reduction of area 66%, and center portion is hard
Degree 79HRB.Deep processing is carried out through certain fastening parts of automobiles factory, pickling-phosphatization-rough-spheroidizing-finish draw-cold-heading-cutting adds
Work, the cotter seat of making, presentation quality is excellent, and without cracking phenomena, processability and cutting ability are good, and 100% is qualified.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel, it is characterised in that its composition percentage composition by weight is：C 0.10~
0.20%th, Si 0.10~0.40%, Mn 0.60~0.90%, Cr 0.90~1.20%, Mo 0.10~0.30%, S 0.030~
0.060%th, Alt 0.02~0.06%, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.40%, Ti≤0.010%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
2. a kind of production method of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel, it is characterised in that：It uses the double essences of converter smelting, LF+RH
Refining and continuous casting working procedure, production obtain section bloom；The section bloom is heated again, rolling and refrigerating work procedure, you can
To the cold heading steel；The composition percentage composition by weight of the section bloom is：C 0.10~0.20%, Si 0.10~
0.40%th, Mn 0.60~0.90%, Cr 0.90~1.20%, Mo 0.10~0.30%, S 0.030~0.060%, Alt 0.02~
0.06%th, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.40%, Ti≤0.010%, remaining is iron and trace impurity.
3. the production method of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the heater
Sequence：Heating-up temperature is 1100~1250 DEG C, and soaking time is 100~150min.
4. the production method of sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the rolling work
Sequence：Including roughing, finish rolling and silking process；It is 870~920 DEG C to enter final rolling temperature, and laying temperature is controlled at 800~860 DEG C.
5. the production method of the sulfur-bearing Cutting free the cold heading steel according to claim 2,3 or 4, it is characterised in that described
Refrigerating work procedure：Phase transformation leading portion cooldown rate is controlled in 0.5~0.8 DEG C/s.
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Cited By (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107881423A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-06 | 南京宝日钢丝制品有限公司 | The method of cold-forging steel and preparation method with preparing steel wire using the cold-forging steel |
| CN109097704A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-28 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | A method of the gren rod of heat resisting steel containing vanadium of annealing is exempted from production |
| CN109468532A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-15 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of transmission gear steel and its production method |
| CN110004376A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-12 | 江阴兴澄合金材料有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of middle carbon CrMo steel wire rod that exempting from annealing drawing |
| CN111187996A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-22 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Medium-carbon sulfur-selenium-containing wire rod for free-cutting steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111424219A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-17 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | Method for manufacturing gear shaft steel capable of being directly subjected to cold forging |
| CN112404126A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-26 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Controlled rolling and cooling method for improving sulfide form of free-cutting steel wire rod |
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