CN109468532B - Steel for transmission gear and production method thereof - Google Patents
Steel for transmission gear and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109468532B CN109468532B CN201811315758.9A CN201811315758A CN109468532B CN 109468532 B CN109468532 B CN 109468532B CN 201811315758 A CN201811315758 A CN 201811315758A CN 109468532 B CN109468532 B CN 109468532B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides steel for a transmission gear and a production method thereof, wherein the steel for the gear comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20-0.22%; si: 0.23-0.25%; mn: 0.84-0.86%; p: 0.011-0.017%; s: 0.004-0.007%; al: 0.008-0.012%; cr: 1.16-1.20%; mo: 0.41-0.44%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The gear steel obtained by the invention achieves the hardenability within 4HRC, the grain size reaches more than 7 grades, and the stability of various performances of the gear steel is further enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, particularly relates to steel for a transmission gear and a production method thereof, and particularly relates to steel for a passenger car transmission gear and a production method thereof.
Background
Recently, with the demand of the development of automobile industries for light weight, environmental protection, fuel saving and the like, the improvement of the design stress of gears, that is, the requirement of high strength of steel, has been taken as the main direction of the development of automobile gear steel at home and abroad, but the gear steel often has the problems of insufficient core hardenability, wide control of the tail hardenability and the like in use, and the gear performance is unstable after being used for a period of time, so that the gear replacement by users is difficult, and a series of safety problems may be caused, so that the improvement of the stability of the gear steel performance becomes urgent.
At present, the end quenching hardness range of the automobile rear axle gear steel is 33-41HRC, the hardenability bandwidth is 8HRC, and the grain size requirement reaches more than 5 grade.
The statements in the background section are merely prior art as they are known to the inventors and do not, of course, represent prior art in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steel for a transmission gear, the steel for a transmission gear comprising, in mass percent: c: 0.20-0.22%; si: 0.23-0.25%; mn: 0.84-0.86%; p: 0.011-0.017%; s: 0.004-0.007%; al: 0.008-0.012%; cr: 1.16-1.20%; mo: 0.41-0.44%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the steel for gears comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.21 percent; si: 0.24 percent; mn: 0.85 percent; p: 0.015 percent; s: 0.006%; al: 0.010%; cr: 1.18 percent; mo: 0.42 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the steel for gears has a hardenability band of not more than 4HRC and a grain size of not less than 7.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for producing the steel for transmission gears described above, the method comprising:
converter production, LF furnace refining, VD furnace treatment, continuous casting and rolling.
Preferably, the molten iron for converter production comprises the following components in percentage by mass: p is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.050 percent; cr: 0.70-0.90%; mo: 0.25-0.35%.
Preferably, the molten steel obtained after the converter production comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.10 to 0.13 percent; p: 0.010-0.020%.
Preferably, the tapping temperature is: 1624 ℃ and 1650 ℃.
Preferably, the converter production also comprises the steps of adding 3900 kg of white ash, 4300kg of dolomite, 2100 kg of dolomite, 2700kg of iron sheet, 2000 kg of slag.
Preferably, 1050kg of silicon and manganese and 150kg of ferrosilicon are added in the converter production for deoxidation alloying.
Preferably, in the LF furnace refining, the refining location temperature of the LF furnace is 1500-; the refining dislocation temperature is 1630-1636 ℃; the refining treatment time is 58-87 min.
Preferably, the LF furnace refining also comprises the steps of adding 0-80kg of calcium carbide and 0-80kg of fluorite for slagging.
Preferably, the LF furnace refining further comprises adding 0-100kg of ferromanganese, 0-50kg of ferrosilicon and 900kg of ferromolybdenum for adjusting the refining in-place components of the LF furnace.
Preferably, after the VD furnace treatment, the gas content in the molten steel is required to be as follows: o is less than or equal to 20 ppm; n is less than or equal to 80 ppm; h is less than or equal to 2.5 ppm; and/or the deep vacuum time of the VD furnace treatment is more than 13min, the deep vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10Kpa, and the soft blowing time is 10-15 min; the soft blowing flow is 50-60 Nl/min; the temperature of the upper stage is 1574-1610 ℃.
Preferably, the degree of superheat in the continuous casting is controlled between 20 and 33 ℃, and the drawing speed is between 0.50 and 0.56 m/min.
Based on the technical scheme, the inventor obtains the gear steel with the hardenability within 4HRC and the grain size of more than 7 grades by reasonable narrow-component design, only selecting Cr and Mo metal raw materials before smelting and a specific heat treatment process, and further enhances the stability of various performances of the gear steel.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the following description is to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The invention aims to provide a gear steel with hardenability within 4HRC and grain size of more than 7 grades, which is realized by the following specific embodiment:
in a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a steel for a transmission gear, the steel for a transmission gear having the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20-0.22%; si: 0.23-0.25%; mn: 0.84-0.86%; p: 0.011-0.017%; s: 0.004-0.007%; al: 0.008-0.012%; cr: 1.16-1.20%; mo: 0.41-0.44%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel for gears comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.21 percent; si: 0.24 percent; mn: 0.85 percent; p: 0.015 percent; s: 0.006%; al: 0.010%; cr: 1.18 percent; mo: 0.42 percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel for gears has a hardenability band of not more than 4HRC and a grain size of not less than 7.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing the steel for a gear, comprising the steps of: converter production, LF furnace refining, VD furnace treatment and continuous casting.
1. Converter production
In order to ensure the product quality and accurately control the components of the finished product, the molten iron of the converter is required to be: the phosphorus content is less than or equal to 0.13 percent and the sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.050 percent according to the mass percentage; and the mass percentage of Cr and Mo in the adopted molten iron is 0.70-0.90% and 0.25-0.35% respectively. During the smelting process of the converter, slagging auxiliary materials such as lime, dolomite, fluorite, iron sheet and the like are added, and during the tapping process, ferrosilicon, silicomanganese and aluminum-silicon-manganese are added according to the requirements of the components of the finished hardenability-retaining free-cutting steel for deoxidation alloying.
The carbon content, the phosphorus content (mass percent) and the tapping temperature of the molten steel at the end point of the converter are as follows:
the tapping temperature is 1624-1650 ℃, and the average temperature is 1630 ℃; carbon content 0.10-0.13%, average 0.11%; the phosphorus content is 0.010-0.020%, and the average content is 0.013%;
2. refining in LF furnace
The LF furnace refining in-place temperature is 1500-; the refining off-site temperature is 1630-; the refining treatment time is 58-87min, and the average time is 62 min; and ferromolybdenum is added in the later stage of refining according to the requirements of standard components.
3. VD furnace treatment
And the molten steel is subjected to vacuum degassing treatment in a VD furnace, so that the content of harmful gases in the steel is further reduced, the cleanliness of the steel is improved, and the gas content requirement is as follows: [ O ] is less than or equal to 20 ppm; the content of [ N ] is less than or equal to 80 ppm; [H] less than or equal to 2.5 ppm. Feeding calcium silicate wire to modify the inclusion. Requiring that the deep vacuum time of VD furnace smelting is more than 13min, the deep vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10Kpa, the soft blowing time is 10-15min, and the average time is 13 min; soft blowing flow rate is 50-60Nl/min, and average flow rate is 53 Nl/min; the bench temperature is 1574-1610 ℃, and the average temperature is 1576 ℃.
4. Continuous casting
The superheat degree is controlled between 20 ℃ and 33 ℃ in continuous casting production, and the drawing speed is between 0.50m/min and 0.56 m/min;
the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Examples
3 furnaces are industrially produced, and the specific process parameters are controlled as follows:
1) converter production
In the process of smelting in a converter, 3900-.
The carbon content, phosphorus content (mass percent) and tapping temperature of the molten steel at the end of the converter are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: composition and temperature of converter tapping
2) Refining in LF furnace
And in the LF furnace refining, adding auxiliary materials for slagging according to the components and temperature change of the molten steel, and adding alloy for fine adjustment and heating operation. Adding 0-80kg of calcium carbide and 0-80kg of fluorite, finely adjusting 0-100kg of ferromanganese, 0-50kg of ferrosilicon and 900kg of ferromolybdenum according to the in-situ components of the alloy, feeding 150m of an aluminum wire, and showing the temperature and the processing time of the molten steel in a table 2.
Table 2: refining LF furnace temperature control
3) VD furnace treatment
After ladle LF refining, molten steel is subjected to vacuum degassing treatment by a VD furnace, so that the content of harmful gases in the steel is further reduced, the cleanliness of the steel is improved, and the gas content is required: [ O ] is less than or equal to 20 ppm; [ N ] is less than or equal to 90 ppm; [H] less than or equal to 2.5ppm, and feeding the refined calcium silicate wire for 100m to denature the inclusions. The deep vacuum time of VD furnace smelting is required to be more than or equal to 13min, and other process parameters are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: process control of refining VD furnace
4) Continuous casting production
The superheat degree in the continuous casting production is controlled between 22 ℃ and 33 ℃, the drawing speed is controlled between 0.50m/min and 0.56m/min, and the components (mass percent) of the molten steel are controlled as shown in Table 4.
Table 4: finished product ingredient (%)
5) Surface quality
The continuous casting billets enter the slow cooling pit and are discharged from the slow cooling pit after being slowly cooled for more than 48 hours, and the surface of the continuous casting billets in the furnaces 1-3 has no defects such as surface cracks, and the like, so that the surface quality requirements of producing hot rolled round steel are completely met.
The continuous casting slabs prepared in the above furnaces 1, 2 and 3 were rolled to obtain steel for gears having a diameter of diameter 210 to diameter 270 mm. After high-temperature carburization at 980 ℃/6 hours, the grain size is above 7 grade, after normalization at 925 ℃/1 hour, the hardenability bandwidth is less than 4HRC after end quenching at 925 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The steel for the gears of the transmissions is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
C：0.20～0.22％；
Si：0.23～0.25％；
Mn：0.84～0.86％；
P：0.011～0.017％；
S：0.004～0.007％；
Al：0.008～0.012％；
Cr：1.16～1.20％；
Mo：0.41～0.44％；
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the hardenability band of the steel for the gear is within 4HRC, and the grain size reaches more than 7 grades;
the production method of the steel for the transmission gear comprises the following steps:
converter production, LF furnace refining, VD furnace treatment, continuous casting and rolling;
the molten iron for converter production comprises the following components in percentage by mass: p is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.050 percent; cr: 0.70-0.90%; mo: 0.25-0.35%;
the molten steel obtained after the converter production comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.10 to 0.13 percent; p: 0.010-0.020%;
the tapping temperature is as follows: 1624-1650 deg.C;
the production of the converter also comprises the steps of adding 4300kg of lime 3900-;
1050kg of silicon and manganese and 150kg of ferrosilicon are added in the converter production for deoxidation alloying;
in the LF furnace refining, the refining in-place temperature of the LF furnace is 1500-; the refining dislocation temperature is 1630-1636 ℃; refining for 58-87 min;
the LF furnace refining also comprises the steps of adding 0-80kg of calcium carbide and 0-80kg of fluorite for slagging;
the LF furnace refining also comprises the steps of adding 0-100kg of ferromanganese, 0-50kg of ferrosilicon and 780-900kg of ferromolybdenum for adjusting the in-position components of the LF furnace refining;
after the VD furnace is used for processing, the gas content in the molten steel is required to be as follows: o is less than or equal to 20 ppm; n is less than or equal to 80 ppm; h is less than or equal to 2.5 ppm;
the deep vacuum time of the VD furnace treatment is more than 13min, the deep vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.10kPa, and the soft blowing time is 10-15 min; the soft blowing flow is 50-60 Nl/min; the temperature of the upper stage is 1574-1610 ℃;
the superheat degree in the continuous casting is controlled between 20 and 33 ℃, and the drawing speed is between 0.50 and 0.56 m/min.
2. The steel for a transmission gear according to claim 1, wherein the steel for a gear has the following composition in percentage by mass:
C：0.21％；
Si：0.24％；
Mn：0.85％；
P：0.015％；
S：0.006％；
Al：0.010％；
Cr：1.18％；
Mo：0.42％；
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
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| CN109972024B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-06-05 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Steel for gear steel bar and preparation method thereof and preparation method of steel bar |
| CN110747397B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-11-24 | 宝钢特钢韶关有限公司 | Round steel for gear and preparation method thereof, gear part and preparation method thereof |
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