CN106888769A - 一种作物栽培方法及应用 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明是关于一种作物栽培方法及应用，该方法包括在农作物的生长期内给所述农作物施以添加了硒化合物的肥料。该方法可使农作物产品中的硒含量提高10～300倍，在这些农作物产品中的硒化合物易于消化吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种提高农作物产品中微量元素含量的方法，更具体地说，涉及一种通过给农作物施加添加了硒化合物的肥料来生产富硒农用物产品的方法。
背景技术
硒是人、畜、禽及其它动物体内必需的微量元素之一，根据现代医学研究，硒与人的心、肝、脑、胰腺及免疫系统的活动密切相关，人体长期缺硒或低硒会引起40多种疾病，包括对人体健康威胁最大的癌症，发病率较高的心脑血管疾病，难于治愈的糖尿病，克心病等地方病、以及高血压、贫血、白内障等、畜禽缺硒或低硒会引起白肌病，导致大批死亡。然而，在全世界的大部分地区，做为人及其它动物体硒元素来源的食物和饮水中缺硒。据统计，世界上40多多个国家和地区缺硒，而中国有72％的面积缺硒，中国约有3亿人受着缺硒或低硒的威胁。
目前市场上已出现了各种各样的富硒食品和饮料，如硒酒、硒盐、硒啤酒、硒口服液等，这些产品的共同的缺点是需添加硒化合物添加剂，难以混合均匀，尤其是对面粉类有粘着性的产品，而且价格昂贵，且大多是无机硒，易产生毒性，吸收率低，在饲养业，通常是在饲料中添加亚硒酸钠，但用量不易掌握，过多容易引起畜禽中毒，过少则起不到补硒作用，动物对亚硒酸钠吸收率低，使用不方便，本发明即是为克服上述现有技术的缺点而直接提高做为人类食品和饲养业饲料来源的农作物产品中硒含量的一种方法，使人类及饲养业的补硒过程更安全，简便易行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生产富硒农作物产品的方法。
本发明进一步的目的是提供由上述农作物产品生产的富硒粮油产品。
本发明的另一目地是提供由上述农作物产品或其副产品生产的富硒饲料产品。
本发明的生产富硒农作物产品的方法包括在所述农作物的生长期内给所述农作物施加添加了硒化合物的肥料，所述农作物包括如小麦、玉米、高粱、水稻、大麦的粮食作物，如南瓜、西红柿、白菜、黄瓜、萝卜、胡萝卜的蔬菜作物，如大豆、向日葵、花生、油菜籽的油料作物，如马铃薯、红薯、甜菜的薯类作物，如苹果树、桃树、梨树、葡萄树、杏树的果树。所述农作物产品是指上述农作物的种子、果实或其茎叶。
上述的硒化合物可以是亚硒酸盐、硒酸盐、硒酸、有机硒化合物中的任一种或其混合物，由于简便易得和价格的原因，其中优选亚硒酸钠、亚硒酸钾，可以采用市售化学纯的亚硒酸钠在肥料中添加。这里所述的肥料是指硒化合物可与通用的农作物肥料混合在一起施加，也可以直接溶于水，以其溶液进行拌种或注入农作物叶柄中，或者还可以当在施加农药时与农药混合在一起给农作物施加。可以将所述添加了硒化合物的肥料喷洒在农作物的茎叶上，当大面积作业时，优选通过飞机喷洒，这样可以提高作业速度和效率，还可以将所述肥料施加在生长所述农作物的土壤中。
在农作物的生长期内，可以一次或多次(对多年生果树是指每年)给农作物施加添加了硒化合物的肥料，次数越多得到的农作物产品中硒的含量越高，优选施加1-3次。其间隔无严格要求，可根据需要来确定。每次施加的硒化合物的量为：喷洒在农作物茎叶上，每亩1-15克亚硒酸钠(除非特别指明，本文后其它硒化合物添加量均可按与亚硒酸钠量相同的硒摩尔数的折合量来确定对应的添加量)；施加在农作物的土壤里，每亩5-50克亚硒酸钠。一般来说，在施加次数不变的条件下，每次施加的硒化合物的量越多，得到的农作物产品中硒含量越高。所用硒化物浓度施洒手段的不同可为从1/1000-1/10万(重量)。
按上述的方法给农作物施加硒化合物，不仅对农作物的正常生长无不良影响，而且所述的硒化合物具有一定的增产作用。
通过本发明的方法生产的农作物产品与普通对应的农作物产品相比硒含量提高10-300倍，特别是发现南瓜富集硒的能力极强，有时可提高硒含量600倍以上。在这些农作物产品中的硒是有机硒化合物，毒性机微，易被人、畜、禽消化吸收。
在上述按本发明方法生产的富硒农作物产品的基础上，还可进一步加工成富硒的粮油食品、饲料制品，例如富硒面粉、富硒大米、富硒玉米、富硒豆油，由上述富硒农作物产品或其麸、皮、饼粕、茎、叶加工成的富硒饲料制品，由富硒南瓜制成富硒南瓜籽、富硒瓜粉食品等等。由于这类加工方法属通用的现有技术，这里不再进一步进行叙述。但需注意的是，由于这类富硒粮油食品、饲料制品是由富硒农作物产品直接加工制得的，与人工添加硒化合物的食品、饲料制品相比，其中的硒化合物是有机态的，更易消化吸收且是更安全的，不存在混合不均匀问题，所以是更符合现化营养学要求的产品。
以下通过具体实例对本发明进一步进行叙述，应理解这并非是对本发明范围的限定。
对不同农作物以下同方式施加不同量的硒化合物，结果见表1：
由上述富硒农作物产品生产的富硒粮油食品饲料制品实例见表2：
| 名称 | 硒含量(PPm) | 普通对应产品硒含量(PPm) | |
| 8 | 富硒面粉 | 0.633 | 0.014 |
| 9 | 富硒大米 | 0.232 | 0.024 |
| 10 | 富硒豆油 | 0.758 | 0.014 |
| 11 | 高硒麦麸 | 0.732 | 0.012 |
| 12 | 富硒瓜子 | 3.900 | 0.006 |
Claims (9)
1.一种农作物栽培方法，其特征在于在农作物的生长期内给所述农作物施加添加了硒化合物的肥料，所述农作物包括粮食作物、油料作物、蔬菜作物、薯类作物以及果树作物；所述的硒化合物是亚硒酸钢、亚硒酸钾、硒酸钠、硒酸、有机化合物中的任一种或其混合物。
2.如权早要求1所述的方法，其中所述的粮食作物包括小麦、玉米、高粱、水稻、大麦；所述的蔬菜作物包括黄瓜、萝卜、胡萝卜；所述的油料作物包括大豆、向日葵、花生、油菜籽；所述的薯类作物包括马铃薯、红薯、甜菜；所述的果树类作物包括苹果树、桃树、梨树、葡萄树、杏树。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述的肥料喷洒在所述农作物的茎、叶上、种子上，或注于叶柄中。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述的肥料施在生长所述农作物的土壤中。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中所述硒化合物在农作物的生长期内在茎叶上喷洒1-3次，每次施加量为每亩1-15克亚硒酸钠。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述硒化合物在农作物的生长期内在土壤中施加1-3次，每次施加量为每亩5-50克亚硒酸钠。
7.一种由权利要求1所述的方法生产的富硒农作物产品加工制成的富硒粮油食品。
8.一种由权利要求1所述的方法生产的富硒农作物产品加工制成的富硒饲料制品。
9.一种由权利要求2所述的所述的方法生产的富硒南瓜制成的富硒南瓜籽食品。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247203A (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-22 | 唐谟堂 | 一种种植富硒农作物的方法 |
| CN112574814A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-03-30 | 方连明 | 一种富硒葵花籽油及其生产方法和应用 |
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2015
- 2015-12-18 CN CN201510961312.3A patent/CN106888769A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247203A (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-22 | 唐谟堂 | 一种种植富硒农作物的方法 |
| CN109247203B (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2021-06-08 | 唐谟堂 | 一种种植富硒农作物的方法 |
| CN112574814A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-03-30 | 方连明 | 一种富硒葵花籽油及其生产方法和应用 |
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