CN106885631B - A kind of spectral method of detection based on digital projection - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0216—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using light concentrators or collectors or condensers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
- G01J2003/282—Modified CCD or like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J2003/283—Investigating the spectrum computer-interfaced
- G01J2003/2843—Processing for eliminating interfering spectra
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of spectral method of detection based on digital projection, including：According to the Pixel Dimensions size of spectrometer photoelectric detector or single point detector, a kind of intake section that width changes in gradient is designed, is projected in launching spot finally in gradient on spectrometer photoelectric detector or single point detector；From less to more according to transverse projection pixel number, the one group of spectrogram of resolution ratio from high to low is extracted；The spectrogram of different resolution is inputted into digital projection algorithm, is iterated calculating, until result restrains；Convergence result can be reduced to the optimal spectrum of resolution ratio, that is, project spectrum when all concentrating on a pixel on spectrometer photoelectric detector or single point detector.The entrance and later period matched data processing means that the present invention is changed in gradient by adding width before spectral detection system, overcome the problems, such as that spectrum acquired in conventional spectrometers can not have high-resolution and high s/n ratio simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectrum detection, in particular to a spectrum detection method based on digital projection.
Background
The spectrum is a pattern in which monochromatic light dispersed by a dispersion system is arranged in order according to the size of wavelength (or frequency) after the monochromatic light is dispersed by the dispersion system. The light waves are generated by electrons moving inside atoms, and the electrons in the atoms of various substances have different movement conditions, so the light waves emitted by the substances are different. Therefore, the research on the conditions of light emission and light absorption of different substances has important theoretical and practical significance.
The existing spectrum detection technology is single, a rectangular slit is mainly applied to the structure of the spectrum detection technology, and the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio of a spectrum are controlled by adjusting the width of the rectangular slit. The shape of the slit can be finally projected on a photoelectric detector (CCD) of the spectrometer, when the projection is totally concentrated on one pixel on the CCD, the spectral resolution is optimal, and the spectral resolution is worse when the number of the projection pixels is larger. Therefore, when the rectangular slit is narrow, the spectrum can have higher resolution, but as the luminous flux becomes small, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum is directly reduced, and the quality of the spectrum is affected; correspondingly, when the rectangular slit is widened, although the light flux becomes larger, the signal-to-noise ratio can be relatively improved, but the resolution is reduced because of too many spectral projection pixels on the CCD. That is, the conventional spectrum detection technology cannot have both high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spectrum detection method based on digital projection, which overcomes the problem that the spectrum acquired by the traditional spectrometer cannot have high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio at the same time by adding an inlet with gradient change width and a data processing means matched at the later stage in front of a spectrum detection system, and is described in detail as follows:
a spectral detection method based on digital projection, the spectral detection method comprising the steps of:
designing an inlet part with gradient width according to the size of the pixel size of a photoelectric detector or a single-point detector of a spectrometer, so that an incident light spot is finally projected on the photoelectric detector or the single-point detector of the spectrometer in a gradient manner;
wherein, the inlet part with the width changing in a gradient way is specifically as follows: the optical fiber type and the slit type are divided into a fixed type and an adjustable type;
extracting a group of spectrograms with resolution from high to low according to the number of transverse projection pixels from small to large;
inputting spectrograms with different resolutions into a digital projection algorithm, and performing iterative computation until the result is converged;
the convergence result can be reduced to a spectrum with the best resolution, i.e. a spectrum where the projections are all concentrated on one pixel on the spectrometer photodetector or single point detector.
Further, the fixed type is a diamond-shaped slit.
The step of enabling the incident light spot to be finally projected on a photoelectric detector or a single-point detector in a gradient manner specifically comprises the following steps:
designing an optical path structure, the optical path structure comprising: an inlet part, a collimating mirror, a grating, a converging mirror, and a spectrometer photodetector or single point detector,
light enters from an entrance part with the width changing in a gradient manner, is diffused into parallel light through a collimating mirror and then is emitted onto a grating, and monochromatic light dispersed by colors is sequentially arranged according to the wavelength or the frequency after the grating is subjected to light splitting;
and the light is converged by the objective lens and projected on a photoelectric detector of the spectrometer or a single-point detector, when the projection is totally concentrated on one pixel on the photoelectric detector of the spectrometer or the single-point detector, the spectral resolution is optimal, and the spectral resolution is worse when the number of projection pixels is more.
Inputting the spectrograms with different resolutions into a digital projection algorithm, and performing iterative computation until the result is converged, wherein the steps are as follows:
according to the digital projection algorithm, the input spectrum group is equal to the product of the projection matrix and the output spectrum;
pre-estimating according to the input spectrum group to obtain an estimated spectrum, and performing projection transformation on the estimated spectrum; comparing the projection transformation result with the input spectrum group, and correcting the estimated spectrum by using the ratio;
and repeating iteration until the ratio is smaller than the threshold value, the estimated spectrum meets the expected requirement at the moment, and the estimated spectrum at the moment is output as a result.
Wherein, the step of comparing the projection transformation result with the input spectrum group and correcting the estimated spectrum by using the ratio specifically comprises:
wherein f isdiv(n) is a spectral deviation array; a isinIs a column vector of the projection matrix; m is the number of rows of the projection matrix; gdiv(n) is a projection deviation array; f (n) is the spectrum array estimated this time; f' (n) is the last estimated spectrum array; h issumAnd (n) is a projection proportion array.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a group of spectrograms with different resolutions are obtained by adding an inlet with gradient width in front of a spectrum detection system, and a spectrum with the limit resolution of the spectrometer can be obtained through digital projection. The spectrum detection method can simply and quickly overcome the problem that the spectrum acquired by the traditional spectrometer cannot have high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio at the same time, and can also reduce the average intensity of laser, realize the measurement of the spectrum of the heat-absorbing material and prevent the sample from being damaged by overhigh laser energy; meanwhile, due to the change of the shape of the inlet, the large-radius light spot is allowed to pass, the average intensity of the laser can be reduced, and the measurement of the spectrum of the heat absorption material is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a spectral detection method based on digital projection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the instrument provided by the present invention;
wherein 1 is an inlet portion; 2 is a collimating mirror; 3 is a grating; 4 is a converging lens; reference numeral 5 denotes a photodetector, and a CCD is explained as an example.
FIG. 3 is three possible portals provided by the present invention;
wherein, (a) is a fixed slit (rhombic slit); (b) is an adjustable slit; (c) the optical fiber is arranged in a gradient mode.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the difference between the conventional rectangular slit and the gradient entrance provided by the present invention, and a projection view of a light spot on a CCD after passing through four kinds of entrances;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effects provided by the present invention;
wherein, (a) is the spectrum generated when the light spot projection covers 1 pixel point on the CCD; (b) spectrum generated when 95 pixel points on the CCD are covered by spot projection; (c) is the iteration result of the digital projection algorithm; (d) the difference between (c) and (a).
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a digital projection algorithm.
Wherein (a) and (c) are two original signals; (b) and (d) is the signal after dislocation superposition.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The digital projection algorithm is a data recovery algorithm, the resolution ratio of signals is reduced due to dislocation superposition, the signals can be restored through the digital projection algorithm, and the original signals can be approximately restored through multiple iterations.
In order to enable the spectrum to have high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio and overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the embodiment of the invention provides a new idea of combining a spectrum detection technology and a digital projection algorithm, and the high-resolution spectrum can be obtained by means of post-processing under the condition of larger luminous flux by changing the shape of a light-passing inlet.
Example 1
A spectrum detection method based on digital projection technology, referring to fig. 1, the spectrum detection method mainly includes the following steps:
101: designing an inlet with gradient width according to the size of a pixel size of a photoelectric detector (CCD) or a single-point detector (CCD is taken as an example in the following) of a spectrometer, and finally projecting an incident light spot on the CCD in a gradient manner;
102: according to the number of the transverse projection pixel points from small to large, a group of spectrograms with resolution from high to low can be extracted from the transverse projection pixel points;
wherein, when the projection is totally concentrated on one pixel on the CCD, the spectral resolution is the best, and the spectral resolution is worse when the number of the projection pixels is larger.
103: inputting spectrograms with different resolutions into a digital projection algorithm, and performing iterative computation until the result is converged;
wherein, step 103 specifically comprises:
according to the digital projection algorithm, the input spectrum group is equal to the product of the projection matrix and the output spectrum;
pre-estimating according to the input spectrum group to obtain an estimated spectrum, and performing projection transformation on the estimated spectrum; comparing the projection transformation result with the input spectrum group, and correcting the estimated spectrum by using the ratio;
and repeating iteration until the ratio is smaller than the threshold value, the estimated spectrum meets the expected requirement at the moment, and the estimated spectrum at the moment is output as a result.
104: the result of the convergence is a spectrum that is restored to the best resolution, i.e. a spectrum where the projection is entirely centered on one pixel on the CCD.
According to the digital projection principle, the measured spectrum is generated by projecting the spectrum with the best resolution, the digital projection algorithm simulates the projection process, the measured spectrum is used as input, inverse operation is carried out through multiple iterations, the projection process is restored, and the obtained result is the spectrum with the best resolution.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the requirement of spectrum with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio through the steps 101 to 104; meanwhile, the change of the shape of the inlet allows the light spot with large radius to pass through, so that the average intensity of the laser can be reduced, and the measurement of the spectrum of the heat absorption material is realized.
Example 2
The scheme of embodiment 1 is further described below with reference to fig. 2 to 6 and specific examples, which are described in detail below:
the embodiment of the invention provides a spectrum detection method based on digital projection, which designs an entrance with gradient change in width to acquire a spectrogram with high information content, and restores a spectrum with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio by matching with a later-stage data processing means. The spectrum detection method can be divided into an entrance part and a detection part, wherein the entrance part 1 is the key point of the design of the embodiment of the invention.
The inlet portion 1 may be of two options, i.e., a fiber type and a slit type, and the slit type may be of a fixed type or an adjustable type. The detection part can be matched with the detection part of other existing spectrum detection instruments, grating light splitting is generally adopted, and a photoelectric detector (CCD) or a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) is matched with a single-point detector to carry out spectrum collection. For the detection part, the embodiments of the present invention all take the case where the light is split by the grating 2 and collected by the CCD 5.
Fig. 2 is a simplified optical diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the inlet portion 1 is an adjustable slit, which can be replaced by the inlet portion shown in fig. 3. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of three inlet portions, including but not limited to three, as long as the inlet portions have a gradient width.
As shown in fig. 2, light enters from the slit, is dispersed into parallel light by the collimator lens 2 and then enters the grating 3, and after the light is dispersed by the grating 3, the dispersed monochromatic light is sequentially arranged according to the wavelength (or frequency), is then converged by the objective lens 4, and is projected on the photodetector 5 (the embodiment of the present invention takes CCD as an example). The spectral resolution is best when the projection is totally centered on one pixel on the CCD5, with the spectral resolution being worse with the larger number of projected pixels.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes an entrance part 1 with a gradient width, such as a diamond-shaped slit (hereinafter, the diamond-shaped slit is used as an example for description), as shown in fig. 4, because the diamond-shaped slit will project on the CCD5 in a ratio of 1 to 1, if the limit resolution is desired (i.e. the projection on the CCD is one pixel), the slit width of the conventional rectangular slit must be smaller than the width of the CCD5, which may result in too small light flux and too low signal-to-noise ratio. The rhombic slits are different from the common rectangular slits and have larger luminous flux and better signal-to-noise ratio. The light spot is incident from the diamond-shaped slit, and finally the projection on the CCD5 is changed into a diamond shape correspondingly, so that a set of spectrograms with high-to-low resolution can be extracted from the light spot.
As shown in fig. 5, when a light spot is projected on a plurality of pixel points on the CCD5, overlapping of different wavelength spectrums occurs, which results in a reduction in resolution, and thus the resolution of (a) is much lower than that of (b). As shown in fig. 5, the 75 th to 95 th groups of data (i.e., the spectrum generated when the spot projection covers 75 to 95 pixels on the CCD 5) are selected as input, where (a) is the spectrum generated when the spot projection covers 1 pixel on the CCD5, and has the best resolution, (b) is the spectrum generated when the spot projection covers 95 pixels on the CCD5, (c) is the result obtained after iteration, and the spectrum resolution is greatly improved, and (d) is the difference between (a) and (c). Thereby, the spectrum can have high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio; meanwhile, the change of the slit shape allows the large-radius light spot to pass through, so that the average intensity of the laser can be reduced, and the measurement of the spectrum of the heat absorption material is realized.
The digital projection algorithm is a data recovery algorithm, the resolution of the signal is reduced due to the dislocation superposition, as shown in fig. 6, the signal can be restored through the digital projection algorithm, and the original signal can be approximately restored through multiple iterations. The limit resolution spectrum, i.e., the spectrum when the projections are all centered on one pixel on the CCD5, is obtained by iteration of the inversion.
The operation of step 103 in embodiment 1 specifically includes:
let the input spectrum group be g0(ii) a Projection matrix is H ═ Hm*n(aij)m*n(ii) a H is a projection matrix; a isijIs an element of the projection matrix; m is the number of rows of the projection matrix; n is the number of columns of the projection matrix; estimating the spectrum as f; output spectrum of f0。
According to the digital projection algorithm, there is g0＝H*f0；
Wherein,ainis a column vector of the projection matrix; h issumAnd (n) is a projection proportion array.
According to the input spectrum group g0Pre-estimating to obtain an estimated spectrum f ═ HT*g0(ii) a Performing projection transformation on the estimated spectrum, wherein g is H f; t is transposition.
Result g and input spectrum set g0Making a ratio of gdiv＝g0G, combined ratio gdivThe estimated spectrum is corrected.
fdiv(n)＝(ain)m*1*gdiv(n)；gdiv(n) is a projection deviation array; f. ofdivAnd (n) is a spectrum deviation array.
f (n) is the estimated spectrumAn array; f' (n) is the last estimated spectral array.
Iterating repeatedly until the estimated spectrum meets the expected requirement, i.e. gdivIs smaller than the threshold D, where the threshold D is set according to the requirement in practical application, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
The final estimated spectrum is output as the result, i.e. f0＝f。
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the requirement of spectrum with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio through the above operations; meanwhile, the change of the shape of the inlet allows the light spot with large radius to pass through, so that the average intensity of the laser can be reduced, and the measurement of the spectrum of the heat absorption material is realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A spectral detection method based on digital projection, the spectral detection method comprising the steps of:
designing an inlet part with gradient width according to the size of the pixel size of a photoelectric detector or a single-point detector of a spectrometer, so that an incident light spot is finally projected on the photoelectric detector or the single-point detector of the spectrometer in a gradient manner;
wherein, the inlet part with the width changing in a gradient way is specifically as follows: the optical fiber type or the slit type is divided into a fixed type and an adjustable type;
extracting a group of spectrograms with resolution from high to low according to the number of transverse projection pixels from small to large;
inputting spectrograms with different resolutions into a digital projection algorithm, and performing iterative computation until the result is converged;
the convergence result can be reduced to a spectrum with the best resolution, namely a spectrum when the projection is totally concentrated on one pixel on a photoelectric detector or a single-point detector of the spectrometer;
inputting the spectrograms with different resolutions into a digital projection algorithm, and performing iterative computation until the result converges, wherein the steps are specifically as follows:
according to the digital projection algorithm, the input spectrum group is equal to the product of the projection matrix and the output spectrum;
pre-estimating according to the input spectrum group to obtain an estimated spectrum, and performing projection transformation on the estimated spectrum; comparing the projection transformation result with the input spectrum group, and correcting the estimated spectrum by using the ratio;
and repeating iteration until the ratio is smaller than the threshold value, the estimated spectrum meets the expected requirement at the moment, and the estimated spectrum at the moment is output as a result.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fixed type is a diamond slit.
3. The spectrum detection method based on digital projection according to claim 1, wherein the step of projecting the incident light spot on the spectrometer photodetector or single-point detector in a final gradient manner is specifically:
designing an optical path structure, the optical path structure comprising: an inlet part, a collimating mirror, a grating, a converging mirror, and a spectrometer photodetector or single point detector,
light enters from an entrance part with the width changing in a gradient manner, is diffused into parallel light through a collimating mirror and then is emitted onto a grating, and monochromatic light dispersed by colors is sequentially arranged according to the wavelength or the frequency after the grating is subjected to light splitting;
and the light is converged by the objective lens and projected on a photoelectric detector of the spectrometer or a single-point detector, when the projection is totally concentrated on one pixel on the photoelectric detector of the spectrometer or the single-point detector, the spectral resolution is optimal, and the spectral resolution is worse when the number of projection pixels is more.
4. The spectrum detection method based on digital projection according to claim 1, wherein the step of comparing the projection transformation result with the input spectrum group and correcting the estimated spectrum by using the ratio specifically comprises:
wherein f isdiv(n) is a spectral deviation array; a isinIs a column vector of the projection matrix; m is the number of rows of the projection matrix; gdiv(n) is a projection deviation array; f (n) is the spectrum array estimated this time; f' (n) is the last estimated spectrum array; h issumAnd (n) is a projection proportion array.
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| CN103116162A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-05-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-resolution sonar location method based on sparsity of objective space |
| CN103163548A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-06-19 | 北京辛耕普华医疗科技有限公司 | Radioactive substance detection method, device and system based on gamma camera |
| CN104266755A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 上海交通大学 | Spectrum measurement method and system for improving luminous flux |
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| CN103116162A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-05-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-resolution sonar location method based on sparsity of objective space |
| CN103163548A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-06-19 | 北京辛耕普华医疗科技有限公司 | Radioactive substance detection method, device and system based on gamma camera |
| CN104266755A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 上海交通大学 | Spectrum measurement method and system for improving luminous flux |
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