CN106876646B - 汇流排和具有这种汇流排的电池模块 - Google Patents

汇流排和具有这种汇流排的电池模块 Download PDF

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CN106876646B
CN106876646B CN201611052551.8A CN201611052551A CN106876646B CN 106876646 B CN106876646 B CN 106876646B CN 201611052551 A CN201611052551 A CN 201611052551A CN 106876646 B CN106876646 B CN 106876646B
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马丁·赖因格鲁贝尔
埃德蒙德·詹纳-布劳恩施米德
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    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
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    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/521Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
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    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
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    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02Contact members
    • H01R13/22Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted
    • H01R13/2407Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted characterized by the resilient means
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    • H01R31/00Coupling parts supported only by co-operation with counterpart
    • H01R31/08Short-circuiting members for bridging contacts in a counterpart
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及汇流排和具有这种汇流排的电池模块。在此给出一种电池、用于该电池的电池组(100)以及针对于此的用于连接电池单元(2)的汇流排(1),该汇流排具有导电的金属板材(3)和至少一个借助分离过程引入到金属板材(3)中的板材接片(5),该板材接片从金属板材(3)凸出,其中,板材接片(5)具有用于与电池单元(2)的极(4)电连接的接触区段(6)和构造为熔断保险(8)的保险区段(7)。为了提供稳定且结构简单而且因此具有高防火安全性的汇流排而提出的是,保险区段(7)实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧(70)。

Description

汇流排和具有这种汇流排的电池模块
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池、一种用于该电池的电池组和一种用于连接电池单元的汇流排,该汇流排具有导电的金属板材和至少一个借助分离过程引入到金属板材中的板材接片,该板材接片从金属板材凸出,其中,板材接片具有用于与电池单元的极电连接的接触区段和被构造为熔断保险的保险区段。
背景技术
用于将电池单元电并联或串联地连在一起的汇流排由现有技术是公知的。这样的汇流排使用了导电的金属板材和从金属板材凸出的板材接片,电池单元与这些板材接片电连接。为此,板材接片具有接触区段,接触区段与电池单元的极焊接。板材接片借助分离过程被引入、例如切刻到金属板材中,这可以通过冲制或激光切割来进行。
此外,在这样的板材接片中公知的是(EP2337115A2),这些板材接片设有保险区段,保险区段在板材接片上构造出电熔断保险并且保护与熔断保险联接的电池单元以防危及安全性的电流强度。该熔断保险通过在板材接片上的横截面的变细部来实现。然而,这样的狭窄部电阻却不利地导致了在板材接片上的机械强度的减弱,这在受冲击或振动时就提高了机械的线路断裂的危险。随着汇流排的稳定性的降低,尤其是在其可移动的应用中必须进行相应考虑。
为了解决该缺点,例如EP2608243A1提出了,给板材接片在保险区段中涂覆树脂。然而,这不仅在结构上相对昂贵,而且也会不利地提高了火灾危险,尤其是在对其进行激活时。
发明内容
因此,本发明基于开头所引用的现有技术提出如下任务,即,提供一种汇流排,该汇流排稳定且结构上简单而且具有高的防火安全性。
本发明通过如下方式解决所提出的任务,即,保险区段实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧(Schraubenfeder)。
如果保险区段实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧,那么尤其可以减少保险区段中的刚度,此外可行的是,通过板材接片的由此确保的提高的多维度的可运动性来特别简单且可靠地吸收冲击或振动。这可以减少机械的线路断裂的危险,并且因此与现有技术相比提高了汇流排的稳定性。此外,保险区段的这种走向例如能够通过如下方式在结构上相对简单地建立,即,该保险区段由金属板材的通过切刻(剪切切割/激光切割)成金属带而得到的那个板材部分卷绕而成。因此,根据本发明的汇流排和板材接片可以一体式地构造,借此例如能够实现低成本制造的汇流排。此外,本发明由于具有实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧而不需要另外的措施或者辅助件来提高机械负载能力,由此进一步能避免用于在保险区段的区域中阻尼振动但可能造成火灾的措施。因此,根据本发明的汇流排也可以确保特别高的防火安全性。此外,可以通过实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧的保险区段来对轴向作用到电池单元上的负荷稳定地进行缓冲并去除,由此可以提供结实稳定的汇流排。
本发明被证实特别有利的是,保险区段实施为螺旋弹簧。通过轴向拉开所形成的螺旋弹簧可以表现出经改进的弹簧特性。轴向拉开例如可以随着板材接片的接触区段与电池单元的极的电接触或材料锁合的(stoffschlüssig)接合而同时实现。
当保险区段矩形盘绕地或呈螺旋形盘绕地延伸时,可以进一步简化在保险区段的区域中的结构上的实施方案。在此,呈螺旋形盘绕的走向与矩形盘绕的走向相比尤其避免了在板材接片的拐角区域中可能出现的奇点,并且以该方式有益于熔断保险的功能性。
如果保险区段以盘绕的方式环绕接触区段,那么实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧的保险区段可以以结构上简单的方式来实施,这是因为例如能够实现保险区段的围绕接触区段的简单的同中心布置。在此,还可以避免在保险区段中紧密的弯曲半径,并且因此提供了整体上稳定的汇流排。
如果保险区段的匝圈直径从金属板材起向接触区段方向减少,那么可以以出色的方式在线路长度或接片长度上调整保险区段的比电阻。可以取消使用起到预定断裂点作用的狭窄部电阻,从而不必担心如在现有技术中出现的那样的汇流排的稳定性降低。
此外,如果保险区段实施为螺旋伸缩弹簧(Schraubenzugdruckfeder),那么可以轴向地在两个方向上均保证弹性,由此,可以进一步提高汇流排的机械负载能力和稳定性。
优选地,保险区段可以实施为板材条,以便因此(结构简单地解决)实现足以用于电流引导的导线宽度。此外,以该方式一方面能够实现高的机械稳定性,另一方面能够以结构简单的方式实现反应特别迅速的熔断保险。
如果保险区段在其一个端部上联接金属板材并且在其另外的端部上联接接触区段,这就可以导致在板材接片上的紧凑的实施方案。因此能进一步简化汇流排的结构上的设计方案。
能简单制造地,金属板材可以具有镍材料。此外,镍材料的优点在于其与电池单元的极的改进的可焊接性。
优选地,金属板材的用于与各个电池单元连接的所有板材接片相同地实施,因此,在金属板材与极之间都可以提供熔断保险。
保险区段可以构造为短路熔断保险,以便因此不仅保护电池单元以防危及安全性的电流强度,而且在热故障情况下也使该电池单元与另外的电池单元电分离。
短路熔断保险不仅可以限制联接到汇流排上的电池单元的内部短路而且也可以限制它的外部短路。电池单元的内部短路例如可能会由于电池单元的机械过载而出现。通过根据本发明的汇流排稳定地阻止了在受损电池单元上出现的短路电流,由此可以保护其他的利用汇流排电并联连接的电池单元以防出现故障情况。此外,根据本发明的短路熔断保险也保护完好的电池单元以防在其他的经由汇流排电并联连接的电池单元发生内部短路情况下损坏完好的电池单元。因此可以提供能够稳定地保护汇流排上的电池单元以防内部短路和外部短路的汇流排。这例如尤其是在如下的电池模块中是有利的,在其中,多个电池单元电并联地与汇流排联接。
此外,与现有技术相比通过将熔断保险设计为短路熔断保险可以使汇流排与电池单元之间的电阻保持得小,这不仅有利地使主电流路径中的总电阻保持得小,而且即使在放电或充电时也能够实现并联的电池单元之间的良好的电压均衡。
根据本发明的汇流排可以尤其适用于具有多个电池单元的电池模块,在其中,汇流排以其板材接片分别与电池单元的一极连接。
当并排布置的电池单元经由汇流排电并联时,可以使金属板材上的分离过程变得容易,这是因为因此尤其可以在金属板材上产生增大了的尺寸。
当板材接片的接触区段与电池单元的极材料锁合地连接时,可以实现汇流排与电池单元的极之间的特别稳定的接触。例如,可以通过焊接,尤其是点焊或激光焊接来实现材料锁合的连接。
有利地,电池由多个彼此电连接的根据发明的电池模块产生。
附图说明
在附图中,例如结合实施例详细阐述本发明主题。其中:
图1示出穿过电池模块的横截面视图;
图2a和2b示出不同的根据本发明的汇流排的详细视图;并且
图3示出电池模块的汇流排的俯视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1例如示出了用于连接电池单元2的根据本发明的汇流排1。汇流排1在此实施为金属板材3,亦即镍板材,以便在电池单元2的极4之间建立导电连接。为此,金属板材3具有凸出的板材接片5,为此,板材接片通过分离过程(像例如冲制)从金属板材3部分地分离出来,也就是该板材接片5从金属板材3的板材平面凸出。板材接片5具有接触区段6,接触区段构造成汇流排1与电池单元2的各个极4之间的电连接部。此外,板材接片5具有保险区段7,保险区段构造为熔断保险8,并且例如在出现过电流或过热的情况下,保险区段使得汇流排1与电池单元2的各个极4之间的电连接分离,在此,保险区段7从其在金属板材3上的起始部至其在极4上的结束部被构造成盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧70。由此可以实现能相对运动的板材接片,该板材接片还能够稳定地保护汇流排1以免机械断裂。根据本发明的汇流排1因此特别适用于可移动的应用。此外,由于实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧70的保险区段7而形成了板材接片5上的相对较长的线路长度,经由该线路长度可以特别好地调整电阻的特性进而调整熔断保险的参数,与现有技术相比由此能够取消狭窄部电阻。也就是说在保险区段7中不需要设置起到机械的预定断裂部位的作用的狭窄部电阻。因此根据本发明提供了特别稳定的(并在其生产中也是低成本的)汇流排1。
在图2a和2b中示出了汇流排1的两个详细视图,其中,图2a示出具有呈螺旋形盘绕的保险区段7的汇流排1,而图2b示出具有呈矩形盘绕的保险区段7的汇流排1。保险区段7在其一个端部上联接金属板材3并且在其另外的端部上联接接触区段6,该接触区段建立了至电池单元2的极4的电连接。也可以设想呈椭圆形盘绕的保险区段,然而这并未详细示出。通常提及的是,螺旋弹簧可以椭圆形盘绕、矩形盘绕、三角形盘绕和呈液滴状盘绕地延伸。
接触区段6被保险区段7以盘绕的方式环绕。这尤其能从图2a、2b和图3中的俯视图看出。因此,保险区段7实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧70。保险区段7实施为螺旋弹簧70,那么其中,螺旋弹簧70朝向接触区段6地在轴向方向上以锥形的方式变窄。这尤其有益于保险区段7的多维度的可运动性(进而有益于其稳定性)。这种汇流排1在图1中示出。为了实现这样的呈螺旋弹簧形的走向,保险区段7的或板材条9的匝圈直径10必须从金属板材3到接触区段6地减少(如在图2a中所示)。尤其地,这种弹簧70实施为螺旋伸缩弹簧,由此实现了沿两个轴向的方向的最大的可运动性。
此外,如能在图2a和2b中看出的,保险区段7实施为板材条9。尤其地,该板材条9在其整个长度上具有恒定的宽度,以便能复现地设计出熔断保险8。
金属板材3的所有设置在汇流排1中的板材接片5为了与各个电池单元2连接优选同样地实施。这方面也可以在图3的俯视图中得知。由于所有板材接片5实施得相同,使得具有熔断保险8的保险区段7可以被设置成用于每个在电池单元2的极4与汇流排1的金属板材3之间的电连接。由此针对所有的电池单元2确保了保险表现,更确切地说彼此不相关的保险表现,这得到了安全技术上的优势。
在此,保险区段7实施为电熔断保险,亦即实施为短路熔断保险。电熔断保险因此可以例如通过通向电池单元2或来自电池单元2的过电流来触发并且因此使相关的电池单元2从汇流排1分离。
如能在图1中看出的,为了汇流排1的接触,该汇流排以弯边的板材连接板20结束,该弯边的板材连接板构造出接触面21。
在图1中还示出了电池模块100的横截面视图,在其中,多个电池单元2与汇流排1电连接。在此,电连接分别建立在电池单元2的极4与附属于电池单元2的各个板材接片5的接触区段6之间。在此,电池单元2并排布置在电池模块100中并且相同极性地取向,也就是电并联。此外,电池单元2也可以通过电池框22保持在其定位中。
各个板材接片5的接触区段6材料锁合地与所配属的电池单元2的极4连接,以便保障低的接触电阻并且确保稳定的连接。该材料锁合的连接(此外因为低成本制造)尤其通过焊点11产生。
因此,多个根据本发明的电池模块100可以连成电池。在此,电池的所期望的电压和容量或功率可以通过电池模块100的并联和串联来调整。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于连接电池单元(2)的汇流排,所述汇流排具有导电的金属板材(3)和至少一个借助分离过程引入到所述金属板材(3)中的板材接片(5),所述板材接片从所述金属板材(3)凸出,其中,所述板材接片(5)具有用于与所述电池单元(2)的极(4)电连接的接触区段(6)和构造为熔断保险的保险区段(7),其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)实施为盘绕地延伸的螺旋弹簧(70),其中,所述保险区段(7)由所述金属板材(3)的通过切刻成金属带而得到的那个板材部分卷绕而成并通过轴向拉开来形成所述螺旋弹簧(70),其中,所述轴向拉开能随着所述板材接片(5)的接触区段(6)与所述电池单元(2)的极(4)的电接触或材料锁合的接合而同时实现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)矩形盘绕地或呈螺旋形盘绕地延伸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)以盘绕的方式环绕所述接触区段(6)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)的匝圈直径(10)从金属板材(3)起向所述接触区段(6)方向减少。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)实施为螺旋伸缩弹簧。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)实施为板材条(9)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)在其一个端部上联接所述金属板材(3)并且在其另外的端部上联接所述接触区段(6)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述金属板材(3)具有镍材料。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述金属板材(3)的用于与各个电池单元(2)连接的所有板材接片(5)相同地实施。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的汇流排,其特征在于,所述保险区段(7)构造为短路熔断保险。
11.一种电池模块,所述电池模块具有多个电池单元(2)和根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的汇流排(1),其中,所述汇流排(1)利用其板材接片(5)分别与电池单元(2)的一极(4)连接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电池模块,其特征在于,并排布置的电池单元(2)经由所述汇流排(1)电并联。
13.一种电池,所述电池具有多个彼此电连接的根据权利要求11至12中任一项所述的电池模块(100)。
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