CN106873709A - A kind of MPPT methods of quick tracking photovoltaic maximum power point - Google Patents
A kind of MPPT methods of quick tracking photovoltaic maximum power point Download PDFInfo
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- CN106873709A CN106873709A CN201710160742.4A CN201710160742A CN106873709A CN 106873709 A CN106873709 A CN 106873709A CN 201710160742 A CN201710160742 A CN 201710160742A CN 106873709 A CN106873709 A CN 106873709A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of MPPT methods of quick tracking photovoltaic maximum power point, the method takes the voltage that average obtains photovoltaic battery array by carrying out multiple AD samplings, electric current and operating ambient temperature, and search memory, obtain present operating point to be adjusted to peak power operating point needed for the corresponding PWM duty cycle numerical value of MPPT controller, apply disturbance quantity, oscillatory process is disturbed back and forth when generating efficiency variable quantity enters less than preset value or system, stop disturbance, the control method can be navigated to quickly near maximum power point using look-up table, and maximum power point is accurately found using perturbation observation method, the data in memory are updated simultaneously, improve the adaptivity of MPPT controller.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field that photovoltaic array generates electricity, and in particular to a kind of quick photovoltaic generation maximum work
The MPPT methods of rate point.
Background technology
Recently as declining to a great extent for traditional energy storage level, especially solar photovoltaic technology is obtained emerging energy
Pay attention to and development to more.Due to the I-V curve of solar energy power generating have it is non-linear, identical intensity of illumination and work temperature
Different output voltages can cause different power outputs under the conditions of degree.For improve generating efficiency, MPPT maximum power point tracking skill
Art (MPPT) is widely used.The MPPT algorithm of current comparative maturity includes mountain-climbing/perturbation observation method and increment conductance method
Deng.The advantage of mountain-climbing/perturbation observation method is simple and convenient, and deficiency is big range of disturbance, and tracking velocity is slow, when environment acute variation
Shi Buneng is tracked to maximum power point well.Increment conductance method advantage is that good control effect, high precision, but its control are calculated
Method is complicated, high to control system requirement, it is necessary to accurate Mathematical Modeling could accurately lock maximum power point.
Chinese patent 201210066349.6 discloses a kind of MPPT controller and its control method, by collection voltages electricity
Stream and temperature data, the searching data in memory module, find out the dutycycle needed for the operating point is adjusted to maximum power point.
Although the method is simply easily achieved, its tracking accuracy is low, bad adaptability, and on the one hand the data in its memory are by limited
The test of photovoltaic array is obtained, and it is poor that the data inevitably exist with the individual power generation characteristics of specific photovoltaic power generation array
Not；On the other hand with the growth of use time, solar energy power generating plate can occur aging or local event to a certain extent
Barrier, thus its power generation characteristics curve also can accordingly change.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of quick and precisely tracking photovoltaic generation is most
The MPPT methods of high-power point, the control method can be navigated to quickly near maximum power point using look-up table, and using disturbance
Observation accurately finds maximum power point, while being updated to the data in memory, improves the adaptive of MPPT controller
Ying Xing.
The MPPT methods of quick tracking maximum power point of the present invention, comprise the following steps：
1) after photovoltaic generating system enters MPPT tracking modes, multiple AD sampling is carried out and takes average to obtain photovoltaic cell respectively
Voltage U, the electric current I and operating ambient temperature T of array, if the power operating point is A；
2) memory is searched according to U, I, T, obtains the MPPT controls needed for operating point A will be adjusted to peak power operating point
The corresponding PWM duty cycle numerical value of device, control square wave output, quickly navigates to the vicinity of maximum power point；
3) PWM duty cycle to controller applies certain increment, and direction arbitrarily sets so that photovoltaic array is worked as
Preceding output voltage is disturbed, after solar power generation changed power now is measured after new state stabilization, if power diminishes,
Disturb in the opposite direction, if power increases, continue to disturb by former direction；
If 4) apply several times, generating efficiency variable quantity after disturbance quantity is respectively less than a certain setting value or system entrance is disturbed back and forth
Oscillatory process, it is believed that peak power operating point has been found in solar energy power generating, stops disturbance；
5) the PWM duty cycle numerical value of the MPPT controller needed for erasing operating point A will be adjusted to maximum power point, write-in is worked as
The PWM duty cycle numerical value of controller output, updates memory data under preceding peak power operating point；
6) return to step 1).
There is the I-V curve of solar energy power generating array under different illumination intensity and different temperatures in described memory
Data, the data are obtained by the measurement to typical solar energy power generating array.
The present invention compared with prior art, with following usefulness：
1) track quick：By one group of voltage, electric current and temperature data, you can system is quickly adjusted to maximum power point attached
Closely；
2) accuracy：Contrast for simple look-up table, the data of memory storage are renewable, more accurate in the present invention.
The present invention can be adjusted near maximum power point simultaneously.
3) strong adaptability：When solar panels are aging or during failure, system can by update memory data ensure MPPT with
The quick and accuracy of track.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the I-V characteristic curve of photovoltaic array under a certain temperature different illumination intensity；
Fig. 2 is the P-V characteristic curves of photovoltaic array under a certain temperature different illumination intensity；
Fig. 3 is the I-V characteristic curve of photovoltaic array under a certain intensity of illumination different temperatures；
Fig. 4 is the P-V characteristic curves of photovoltaic array under a certain intensity of illumination different temperatures；
Fig. 5 is the solar energy power generating controller block diagram based on MPPT trackings of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the MPPT methods of quick tracking maximum power point of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is limited to this.
By Fig. 1, when intensity of illumination increases, the open-circuit voltage Voc of I-V characteristic curve, maximum power point voltage Vm, short circuit
Electric current Isc and maximum power point electric current Im also increase therewith；By Fig. 3, when temperature is raised, Voc, Vm reduce, and Isc and Im increases
Greatly；By Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, with the change of intensity of illumination and operating temperature, the maximum power point of photovoltaic array can also occur
Skew.Accordingly, using unitary variant method, measure that photovoltaic array is operated in possible temperature and intensity of illumination is issued to most
The PWM duty cycle of MPPT controller, data are stored in the memory of controller at high-power, and storage form can be adopted as three
Exponent number group, such as DATA_PWM [T] [U] [I].By Fig. 1, when temperature is constant, change intensity of illumination, open-circuit voltage Voc changes are little,
But short circuit current Isc has significant change, different curves do not have intersection point, thus in one group of I-V characteristic with intensity of illumination as variable
It is the I-V characteristic curve that can determine that a certain determination according to a certain voltage x current particular value in curve group, DATA_ is demonstrated herein
The integrality and certainty of PWM [T] [U] [I].
Fig. 5 is the solar energy power generating controller block diagram based on MPPT trackings of the present invention, including solar energy
Photovoltaic array, DC-DC conversion circuit, battery or electrical equipment, AD sample circuits, master controller (being embedded with memory) and driving electricity
Road.The digital circuits section of the block diagram can be made up of discrete component, can be also made up of integrated circuit, such as use FPGA, DSP group
Into.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the MPPT methods of quick tracking maximum power point of the present invention.Comprise the following steps that：
After photovoltaic generating system enters MPPT tracking modes, MPPT methods of the present invention can be started.If because negative
It is battery to carry, and due to its charging process fraction moment, can not now be sent out maximum in some stage photovoltaic generating systems
Electrical power is used as overriding concern factor, such as precharge, battery electric quantity saturation.
Multiple AD samplings are carried out after into MPPT states, average is taken and is obtained the voltage U of photovoltaic battery array, electric current I respectively
With operating ambient temperature T, if the power operating point be A.
The exponent number group of memory three is searched according to U, I, T, U, I, T may be with typical U, I, T numbers of storage in memory herein
Value is not completely equivalent, then using nearby principle, such as measure temperature for 23.1 DEG C, and has the I- of 23 DEG C and 23.5 DEG C in memory
V curve groups, then take 23 DEG C of I-V curve groups.The point A that finds a job to be adjusted to peak power operating point needed for MPPT controller pair
The PWM duty cycle numerical value answered, master controller exports PWM square waves to drive circuit, and drive circuit acts on DC-DC conversion circuit,
Photovoltaic array can quickly navigate to the vicinity of maximum power point.
PWM duty cycle to controller applies certain increment, and direction arbitrarily sets so that photovoltaic array is current
Output voltage disturbed, after new state stabilization after, AD sample photovoltaic array voltage x current numerical value, calculate and disturb
Generated output after dynamic, if power diminishes, disturbs in the opposite direction, if power increases, continues to disturb by former direction.
If applying solar energy generating efficiency variable quantity after disturbance quantity several times is respectively less than a certain setting value, or system enters back and forth
Disturbance oscillatory process, it is believed that peak power operating point has been found in solar energy power generating, stops disturbance.Above-mentioned disturbance vibration is sentenced
Disconnected mark can be, master controller reduces (or after reduction but also increase) not only after detecting the increase of solar energy output voltage numerical value, and follows
Ring exceedes certain number of times.
Erasing disturbs the PWM duty cycle numerical value of the MPPT controller needed for preceding operating point A will be adjusted to maximum power point, i.e.,
The numerical value stored in DATA_PWM [T] [U] [I] unit, writes the PWM duties of controller output under current peak power operating point
Than numerical value, the renewal to memory data is realized.
Return to step one, circulates whole process, or adds certain time-delay process, because temperature and intensity of illumination change are relative
It is slower in the tracking velocity of MPPT controller.Can also allow controller to enter sleep procedure during time delay, save power consumption.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of MPPT methods of quick tracking photovoltaic maximum power point, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) after photovoltaic generating system enters MPPT tracking modes, multiple AD sampling is carried out and takes average to obtain photovoltaic battery array respectively
Voltage U, electric current I and operating ambient temperature T, if the power operating point be A；
2) U, I, the T according to above-mentioned acquisition search memory, and obtaining operating point A will be adjusted to needed for peak power operating point
The corresponding PWM duty cycle numerical value of MPPT controller, control square wave output, quickly navigates to the vicinity of maximum power point；
3) PWM duty cycle to controller applies increment, and direction arbitrarily sets so that the current output electricity of photovoltaic array
Pressure is disturbed, after solar power generation changed power now is measured after new state stabilization, if power diminishes, by opposite side
To disturbance, if power increases, continue to disturb by former direction；
If 4) apply several times, generating efficiency variable quantity after disturbance quantity is respectively less than preset value or system enters disturbance vibration back and forth
Process, it is believed that peak power operating point has been found in solar energy power generating, stops disturbance；
5) the PWM duty cycle numerical value of the MPPT controller needed for erasing operating point A will be adjusted to maximum power point, write-in is current most
The PWM duty cycle numerical value of controller output, updates memory data under high power work point；
6) return to step 1).
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107204731A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-26 | 兰州理工大学 | Wind and solar hybrid generating system MPPT control method based on geometric mean |
| CN107589776A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-01-16 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Maximum power point tracking method, MPPT controller and photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN109194135A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-11 | 同济大学 | A kind of adaptive efficiency optimization method of resonant state adjustable type power inverter |
| CN113849031A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power output control strategy suitable for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN113890105A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 三峡大学 | Parallel inverter synchronous control method based on maximum voltage point tracking |
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| CN102799208A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-28 | 黄克亚 | Photovoltaic power generation maximum power point tracking fuzzy proportion integration differentiation (PID) control method |
| CN104270084A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-07 | 苏州克兰兹电子科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic battery maximum power point tracker |
| CN105116958A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Perturbation and observation method MPPT control method and system with photovoltaic array self-adaptive step size |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107204731A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-26 | 兰州理工大学 | Wind and solar hybrid generating system MPPT control method based on geometric mean |
| CN107204731B (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 兰州理工大学 | Wind and solar hybrid generating system MPPT control method based on geometric mean |
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| CN109194135A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-11 | 同济大学 | A kind of adaptive efficiency optimization method of resonant state adjustable type power inverter |
| CN109194135B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-11-27 | 同济大学 | Adaptive efficiency optimization method of power converter with adjustable resonance state |
| CN113849031A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-12-28 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power output control strategy suitable for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN113849031B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-10-21 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power output control strategy suitable for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN113890105A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 三峡大学 | Parallel inverter synchronous control method based on maximum voltage point tracking |
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