CN106861727B - 一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
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- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/135—Halogens; Compounds thereof with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, germanium, tin or lead
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Abstract
本发明公开一种Fe‑TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料及其制备与应用,属于光催化材料领域。该Fe‑TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料首先采用水热法合成出Fe‑TiO2及BiOI,混合均匀,然后通过机械研磨制备得到。本发明所制备的复合光催化材料在可见光照射下,0.5%Fe‑TiO2/BiOI的光催化活性是纯TiO2的630.56倍,是0.5%Fe‑TiO2的22.37倍,是纯BiOI的1.74倍。本发明的复合光催化材料对甲基橙有良好的催化降解能力,具有原料价格低廉、工艺简单易行、反应条件温和,高效,稳定,易于回收等优点,比单一TiO2具有更优秀的光催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化材料领域,具体涉及一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
制备高效的光催化材料是治理环境污染的技术核心,然而备受期待的TiO2光催化材料具有量子效率低,不能吸收可见光等缺点,所以人们一直致力于改善TiO2本身的光催化活性和不断开发更高效的光催化材料。
铁离子掺杂是其中一种传统的方法。例如J Choi等通过把各种金属离子(Zn、Fe、Cr等)掺杂TiO2,并研究了这些复合材料的光催化性能,发现掺杂金属离子的TiO2的光催化活性有一定的增强。[1]J Choi,H Park,MR Hoffmann. Effects of Single Metal-IonDoping on the Visible-Light Photoreactivity of TiO2,J. phys Chem.C.114(2009)783-792。Zhang等通过气相沉淀法制备Fe-TiO2并研究它在可见光下的光催化活性,发现Fe-TiO2的光催化活性比纯TiO2有显著增强。 [2]Zhang X,Lei L.One step preparationof visible-light responsive Fe–TiO2coating photocatalysts by MOCVD[J],Mate.Lett.62(2008)895-897。
近年来,BiOI因特殊的层状结构和合适的禁带宽度显示出优异的可见光光催化性能而备受关注。在对BiOI基光催化材料的研究中,通过半导体复合来制备具有更好光催化活性的复合材料,从而提高BiOI材料的光催化活性是当前 BiOI研究的主流。
关于BiOI最近几年的报道,Wu De Yong等采用沉积沉淀法制备了纳米片状的BiOI/BiVO4复合光催化材料,在可见光照射下降解甲基橙的速率是纯BiOI 的2.1倍,BiVO4的19.5倍。[1]He T,Wu D Y,Tan Y.Fabrication of BiOI/BiVO4 heterojunction withefficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity[J]. MaterialsLetters,2016,165:227-230。而Luo Jin等采用水热法制备了可见光驱动的WO3/BiOI异质结光催化剂,其对甲基橙具有优异的降解活性,作者在实验结果的基础上提出了光催化反应的机理,为更高效光催化材料的设计铺平了道路。 [2]Luo J,Zhou X,Ma L,etal.Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of WO3/BiOIheterojunction photocatalysts[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2015,410:168-176。
以上所提到的文献中存在掺杂方式比较单一,实验步骤繁琐等问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种 Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供通过上述制备方法制备得到的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的应用。
本发明通过把Fe-TiO2和BiOI两种光催化剂结合起来制备复合光催化材料,得到了一种比较优秀的复合光催化剂Fe-TiO2/BiOI。
本发明涉及到Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备、表征和其光催化降解废水中的甲基橙。采用传统的水热法,通过一系列反应制备Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料。Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料对甲基橙有良好的催化降解能力。
本发明的首要目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,首先采用水热法合成出 Fe-TiO2及BiOI,混合均匀,然后通过机械研磨制备出Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料,包括如下步骤:
(1)Fe-TiO2的制备:将钛酸四丁酯滴加到铁盐溶液中,搅拌,得到悬浮液;将悬浮液加入到水热反应釜,水热反应,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤,干燥,磨细,得到Fe-TiO2纳米粉体;
(2)BiOI的制备:将碘化钾溶液滴加到铋(Bi)盐溶液中,得到A溶液,然后将A溶液搅拌均匀后加入到水热反应釜中,水热反应,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤,干燥,磨细,得到BiOI粉体;
(3)Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备:将步骤(1)制得的Fe-TiO2纳米粉体与步骤(2)制得的BiOI粉体按质量比混合,机械研磨,得到Fe-TiO2/BiOI 复合光催化材料。
步骤(1)中所述的铁盐中的铁离子与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为0.2:100~1: 100;优选为0.5:100;
步骤(1)中所述的铁盐优选为Fe(NO3)3·9H2O;
步骤(1)中所述的搅拌的时间为10~14h;优选为12h;
步骤(1)中所述的水热反应的条件为于180~200℃下水热反应20~24h;优选为于200℃下水热反应24h;
步骤(1)中所述的洗涤的次数优选为1~3次;
步骤(1)中所述的干燥的条件优选为60~90℃干燥8~10h;
步骤(2)中所述的铋(Bi)盐优选为Bi(NO3)3·6H2O;
步骤(2)中所述的铋(Bi)盐溶液是用有机溶剂溶解铋(Bi)盐得到,所述的有机溶剂优选为无水乙醇;
步骤(2)中所述的碘化钾中的碘离子与铋(Bi)盐中的铋(Bi)离子摩尔比优选为1:1;
步骤(2)中所述的水热反应的条件为150~200℃下水热反应8~18h;优选为180℃下水热反应15h;
步骤(2)中所述的洗涤的次数优选为1~3次;
步骤(2)中所述的干燥的条件优选为60~80℃干燥8~10h;
步骤(3)中所述的按质量比混合是按质量比2:8~2:3混合;优选是按质量比2:8混合;
步骤(3)中所述的研磨的时间为1~2h;优选为2h。
一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料,通过上述制备方法制备得到。
所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料在可见光处理废水中的应用。
所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙的应用也在本发明的保护范围之内。
具体地,将Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料0.2~0.8g/L加入至含有甲基橙 (MO)浓度为1.5×10-5~1.5×10-4mol/L的废水中,室温下黑暗状态中搅拌达到吸附平衡后,在可见光的照射下,反应时间为140min。
上述步骤中,废水中甲基橙浓度优选为3.06×10-5mol/L,加入废水中的 Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料为0.4g/L。
本发明的机理是:本发明主要立足于同时运用掺杂金属离子和半导体复合两种方法,把这两种方法的优点结合起来,在掺杂离子方面,选用Fe掺杂的方法。同时BiOI是一种近年来被报道具有优秀光催化活性的新型光催化材料,通过BiOI来修饰Fe-TiO2提升它的光催化活性。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明制备方法具有原料价格低廉、工艺简单易行、反应条件温和等优点。
(2)本发明所制备的复合光催化材料高效,稳定,易于回收,具有比单一 TiO2更优秀的光催化性能。
(3)本发明所制备的复合光催化材料在可见光照射下,0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI 的光催化活性是纯TiO2的630.56倍,是0.5%Fe-TiO2的22.37倍,是纯BiOI的 1.74倍。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的TEM图。
图2是本发明制备的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的X-ray图。
图3是本发明制备的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的XPS能谱图。
图4是纯TiO2、0.2%Fe-TiO2/BiOI、0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI和1%Fe-TiO2/BiOI 对甲基橙的降解率(C/C0)随时间变化的关系图。
图5是纯TiO2、0.2%Fe-TiO2/BiOI、0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI和1%Fe-TiO2/BiOI 的lnC0/C随时间变化的关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
1)Fe-TiO2的制备:磁力搅拌下,将17mL钛酸四丁酯(C.P)逐滴加入到由85mL去离子水和5mL 0.02mol/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶液混合而成的溶液中,滴完后继续搅拌12小时,将得到的悬浮液倒入到内衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于200℃下水热反应24小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到0.2%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体。
2)BiOI的制备:将7mmol Bi(NO3)3·6H2O加入119mL的无水乙醇中得到A 溶液,将7mmol的KI加入119mL的去离子水中得到B溶液,B逐滴加入A中得到C溶液,然后将C溶液搅拌均匀后倒入衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于180℃下水热反应15小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到BiOI粉体。
3)Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备:将步骤1)制得的0.2%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体0.12g与步骤2)制得的BiOI粉体0.48g混合,滴加5mL蒸馏水,于研钵中研钵2h后,200℃烘干,磨细,即得到质量比为2:8的0.2%Fe-TiO2/BiOI 复合光催化材料。
实施例2
1)Fe-TiO2的制备:磁力搅拌下,将17mL钛酸四丁酯(C.P)逐滴加入到由85mL去离子水和5mL 0.05mol/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶液混合而成的溶液中,滴完后继续搅拌12小时。将得到的悬浮液倒入到内衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于200℃下水热反应24小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到0.5%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体。
2)BiOI的制备:将7mmol Bi(NO3)3·6H2O加入119mL的无水乙醇中得到 A溶液,将7mmol的KI加入119mL的去离子水中得到B溶液,B逐滴加入A 中得到C溶液,然后将C溶液搅拌均匀后倒入衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于180℃下水热反应15小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到BiOI粉体。
3)Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备:将步骤1)制得的0.5%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体0.12g与步骤2)制得的BiOI粉体0.48g混合,滴加5mL蒸馏水,于研钵中研钵2h后,200℃烘干,磨细,即得到质量比为2:8的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI 复合光催化材料。
本发明所制备的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的透射电镜图如图1所示,由图1可知,Fe-TiO2纳米颗粒粘附在层状结构的BiOI上。本发明所制备的 0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的XRD光谱图如图2所示,由图2可知, Fe-TiO2/BiOI的主要衍射峰位于25.3°、38.0°、48.0°,归属于锐钛矿(101)、(004) 和(200)晶面。本发明所制备的0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的XPS能谱图如图3所示,由于Fe元素含量太低,低于仪器的检测范围而无法测出。
实施例3
1)Fe-TiO2的制备:磁力搅拌下,将17mL钛酸四丁酯(C.P)逐滴加入到由85mL去离子水和5mL 0.1mol/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O溶液混合而成的溶液中,滴完后继续搅拌12小时。将得到的悬浮液倒入到内衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于200℃下水热反应24小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到1%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体。
2)BiOI的制备:将7mmol Bi(NO3)3·6H2O加入119mL的无水乙醇中得到 A溶液,将7mmol的KI加入119mL的去离子水中得到B溶液,B逐滴加入A 中得到C溶液,然后将C溶液搅拌均匀后倒入衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于180℃下水热反应15小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到BiOI粉体。
3)Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备:将步骤1)制得的1%Fe-TiO2纳米粉体0.12g与步骤2)制得的BiOI粉体0.48g混合,滴加5mL蒸馏水,于研钵中研钵2h后,200℃烘干,磨细,即得到质量比为2:8的1%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料。
实施例4
纯TiO2的制备:磁力搅拌下,将17mL钛酸四丁酯(C.P)逐滴加入到90mL 去离子水中,滴完后继续搅拌12小时。将得到的悬浮液倒入到内衬有聚四氟乙烯的水热反应釜中,于200℃下水热反应24小时,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤3 次,80℃干燥,磨细,得到TiO2纳米粉体。
TiO2作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L(即:3.06×10- 5mol/L)甲基橙溶液;加入TiO2 100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每 20min取出10mL悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
实施例5
0.5%Fe-TiO2作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L甲基橙溶液;加入0.5%Fe-TiO2 100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每20min取出10mL 悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
实施例6
BiOI作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L甲基橙溶液;加入BiOI 100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每20min取出10mL悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
实施例7
0.2%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L甲基橙溶液;加入0.2%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每20min取出10mL悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
实施例8
0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L甲基橙溶液;加入0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每20min取出10mL悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
实施例9
1%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料作为催化剂用于可见光降解废水中甲基橙。
采用金卤灯作为光源,它的发射波长范围在300nm~2.5μm。利用2mol/L 的亚硝酸钠溶液作为遮蔽剂,把紫外光排除。在石英反应釜中配制250mL的 10mg/L甲基橙溶液;加入1%Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料100mg;室温下黑暗状态中搅拌30min,使光催化剂对降解底物达到吸附平衡;打开400W金卤灯,每20min取出10mL悬浊液,取7次样;用高速离心机于10000r/min下分离样品,离心20min两次后,取上清液;测定上述上清液在波长464nm的吸光度(以去离子水作空白实验)。
利用吸光度来衡量溶液中MO的浓度,绘制C/C0与时间t的关系图,以表示各光催化材料的降解率,如图4所示。甲基橙的脱色反应近似于一级反应,其表观速率常数k复合一级反应动力方程式lnC0/C=kt,作lnC0/C和时间t的关系图,求出各个光催化剂的k值,如图5、表1所示。本文采用k值来比较各催化剂的光催化活性。
表1
样品 | 表观速率常数(min<sup>-1</sup>) |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 3.2828×10<sup>-5</sup> |
0.5%Fe-TiO<sub>2</sub> | 9.25399×10<sup>-5</sup> |
BiOI | 0.0119 |
0.2%Fe-TiO<sub>2</sub>/BiOI | 0.0122 |
0.5%Fe-TiO<sub>2</sub>/BiOI | 0.0207 |
1%Fe-TiO<sub>2</sub>/BiOI | 0.0091 |
由表1可知Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的光催化活性比TiO2有显著提升,尤其是0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI。因此,0.5%Fe-TiO2/BiOI是一种较优秀的光降解催化材料。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)Fe-TiO2的制备:将钛酸四丁酯滴加到铁盐溶液中,搅拌,得到悬浮液;将悬浮液加入到水热反应釜,水热反应,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤,干燥,磨细,得到Fe-TiO2纳米粉体;
(2)BiOI的制备:将碘化钾溶液滴加到铋盐溶液中,得到A溶液,然后将A溶液搅拌均匀后加入到水热反应釜中,水热反应,待产物冷却至室温,洗涤,干燥,磨细,得到BiOI粉体;
(3)Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备:将步骤(1)制得的Fe-TiO2纳米粉体与步骤(2)制得的BiOI粉体按质量比混合,机械研磨,得到Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料;
步骤(1)中所述的铁盐中的铁离子与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为0.2:100~1:100。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的铁盐为Fe(NO3)3·9H2O。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的搅拌的时间为10~14h;
步骤(1)中所述的水热反应的条件为于180~200℃下水热反应20~24h;
步骤(1)中所述的干燥的条件为60~90℃干燥8~10h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的碘化钾中的碘离子与铋盐中的铋离子摩尔比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的铋盐为Bi(NO3)3·6H2O。
6.根据权利要求1所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中所述的水热反应的条件为150~200℃下水热反应8~18h;
步骤(2)中所述的干燥的条件为60~80℃干燥8~10h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(3)中所述的按质量比混合是按质量比2:8~2:3混合。
8.一种Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料,其特征在于通过权利要求1~7任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
9.权利要求8所述的Fe-TiO2/BiOI复合光催化材料在可见光处理废水中的应用。
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