CN106860509B - 筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其步骤如下:a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照40‑50:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入4‑8倍体积的热水煎煮2‑3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用乙醇常压加热回流提取,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;c)向超滤混合液中加入质量百分比为1%‑3%的活性炭,搅拌1‑2h,然后超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1%‑1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体装入胶囊,即得。采用本发明公开的工艺生产筋骨草胶囊不仅操作简便,生产效率高,而且可大大提高使用疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺。
背景技术
筋骨草为多年生草本,具有清热解毒、凉血平肝的功能,可用于治跌打损伤、外伤出血、毒蛇咬伤,对上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、咽炎、支气管炎、急性结膜炎、高血压等疾病具有很好的疗效,因此在医药领域具有很好的药用价值。
目前,市场上有采用筋骨草作为主药加工制得的筋骨草胶囊,其加工步骤为:1)将晒干的筋骨草粉碎成粗粉,然后用乙醇加热回流提取二次,合并提取液,滤过,浓缩成浓缩膏;2)向浓缩膏加3倍量热水,搅匀,放冷,冷藏12小时,滤过,滤渣用热水洗涤,洗液与滤液合并,浓缩成稠膏,放冷;3)向稠膏中加入适量淀粉和筋骨草细粉,混匀,制粒,干燥,装入胶囊。上述加工筋骨草胶囊的方法虽然参数条件容易控制,但是加工时间长,有效成分的提取率低,且难以保证药物的无菌化加工。因此,如何进一步提高筋骨草药物的加工效率和使用安全,这是医药技术人员需要考虑的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供加工效率高、药效好,且使用安全的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:一种筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其步骤如下:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照40-50:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入4-8倍体积的热水煎煮2-3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为85-90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取,提取2-3次,每次2-3h,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为1%-3%的活性炭,搅拌1-2h,然后超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1%-1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体装入胶囊,即得。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果在于:与传统方法相比,采用本发明公开的工艺生产筋骨草胶囊不仅操作简便,生产效率高,而且可大大提高治疗效果,因此本发明公开的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺可以在企业中推广应用。具体来说,一方面,本发明向原料中加入适量的薄荷叶,这样可以提高药物的使用疗效,另一方面,提取混合液采用活性炭吸附和超滤单元综合处理,这样可使其中的大分子杂质去除,提高药物的有效成分含量,进而提高使用疗效。同时,本发明还在有效成分中加入适量的乳糖,经试验验证,适量乳糖的加入可以显著提高筋骨草胶囊的使用效果。
作为进一步的优选方案,所述步骤d中的超滤滤液在加入乳糖前先是经过如下处理:将超滤滤液置于140-150℃的温度下杀菌15-20S。先经过高温杀菌处理,如此可以有效保证药物的使用安全,另外,本发明是在较高的温度条件下快递杀菌,从而确保药物的使用药效。
进一步的,步骤c中的超滤浓缩液经过如下处理:向超滤浓缩液中加3-5倍体积的纯水,静置过夜,取上层液加到步骤b中的滤渣中,重复步骤b、c、d。也就是说,实际生产时,通过静置分层收集上层液,然后将上层液再投入到步骤b的滤渣中,同滤渣一并进行加热回流提取等处理,以最大程度提取收集筋骨草中的有效药物成分。
具体的方案为,所述超滤采用的膜元件的截留分子量为2000-8000D;所述超滤采用的膜元件的工作温度为40℃-60℃。经试验验证,将混合液在以上参数条件下进行超滤处理,这样可以有效地将提取液中的固体悬浮物、絮状物等杂质去除,从而提高产品有效成分的收率和纯度。
优选的,所述步骤d中喷雾干燥的粉体过80-100目筛。
具体实施方式
为进一步说明本发明公开的技术方案,以下通过6个实施例来说明:
实施例1(对比例):
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照40:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入5倍体积的热水煎煮3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取3次,每次2h,加热温度为80℃,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为2%的活性炭,搅拌1.5h,然后采用截留分子量为2000-5000D、工作温度为50℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)将超滤滤液置于145℃的温度下杀菌18S,然后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过100目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
实施例2:
薄荷叶按照40:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入5倍体积的热水煎煮3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取3次,每次2h,加热温度为80℃,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为2%的活性炭,搅拌1.5h,然后采用截留分子量为2000-5000D、工作温度为50℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后置于145℃的温度下杀菌18S,最后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过100目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
实施例3:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照50:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入8倍体积的热水煎煮2h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为85%的乙醇常压加热回流提取2次,每次3h,加热温度为83℃,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为1%的活性炭,搅拌2h,然后采用截留分子量为5000-8000D、工作温度为60℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1%的乳糖,溶解,然后置于140℃的温度下杀菌15S,最后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过80目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
实施例4:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照45:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入4倍体积的热水煎煮3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取2次,每次3h,加热温度为80℃,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为1.5%的活性炭,搅拌1h,然后采用截留分子量为5000-8000D、工作温度为40℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1%的乳糖,溶解,然后置于150℃的温度下杀菌15S,最后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过100目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
实施例5:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照42:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入5倍体积的热水煎煮3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为85%的乙醇常压加热回流提取3次,每次2h,加热温度为83℃,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为2%的活性炭,搅拌1.5h,然后采用截留分子量为2000-5000D、工作温度为50℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后置于150℃的温度下杀菌15S,最后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过80目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
实施例6:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照48:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入6倍体积的热水煎煮2h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取2次,每次3h,加热温度为80℃,回收乙醇,将提取液提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为2%的活性炭,搅拌1.5h,然后采用截留分子量为2000-5000D、工作温度为50℃的超滤单元超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)超滤浓缩液中加4倍体积的纯水,静置过夜,取上层液以待加入到步骤b中的滤渣中一并加热回流提取,超滤滤液中则加入质量百分比为1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后置于150℃的温度下杀菌15S,最后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体过80目筛,装入胶囊,即得,每个胶囊中装入的药粉质量为0.5g。
本发明制备得到的筋骨草胶囊的口服用法为:早、中、晚饭后口服,每次2-3粒。判定疗效是以发病在24h以内治疗者为统计对象,判定标准为:服用48h内,主要症状如上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、咽炎、慢性支气管炎等消失或基本消失,显效;服药48-72h内,主要症状如上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、咽炎、慢性支气管炎等消失或基本消失,有效;不符合以上标准者,无效。
针对临床100例患者,治疗结果如下表所示,治疗有效率=(显效人数+有效人数)×100%÷治疗总人数。其中,实施例1中未加乳糖,其相当于是实施例2的对比例。从表1中可以看出,市售筋骨草胶囊和实施例1制备得到的筋骨草胶囊的临床治疗有效率分别87%、90%,本发明实施例2-4制备得到的筋骨草胶囊的临床治疗有效率高达97%以上,说明本发明所述的筋骨草胶囊的治疗效果更为显著,另外,从显效人数上来看,实施例2-4的筋骨草胶囊的使用效果明显优于对比例和市售筋骨草胶囊,说明本发明通过乳糖的加入可以显著提升筋骨草胶囊的使用疗效。但如果单纯采用筋骨草和乳糖,没有薄荷叶则疗效也与市售产品相当,没有疗效上的提高。
表1筋骨草胶囊的临床治疗效果
本发明的筋骨草胶囊的外用方法为,将胶囊中的药粉倒出,加入适量水浸湿,然后涂覆在跌打损伤、外伤出血或肿痛的皮肤处,早中晚各一次。为验证本发明的筋骨草胶囊的外用效果,以下进行筋骨草胶囊对小鼠热板致痛的影响试验。
调节超级恒温水浴的温度在50℃±0.5℃,将热板预热8min。取雌性健康小鼠,每次1只放在热板上,小鼠自放在热板上至出现舔后足所需时间(s)作为该鼠的痛阈值。凡舔后足时间小于5s或大于30s或跳跃者,弃之不用。将合格的45只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、本发明制备的筋骨草胶囊组、市售的筋骨草胶囊组,每组15只。将胶囊中的药粉倒入,加少量纯水浸湿,各实验组小鼠每日早中晚在后腿给药3次,连续2次,测定小鼠痛阈值。结果显示,本发明制备的筋骨草胶囊和市售的筋骨草胶囊之间差异有显著性意义,详见表2所示。
组别 | 剂量 | 痛阈值/S |
空白组 | — | 13.21±4.10 |
市售的筋骨草胶囊组 | 0.3g/kg | 18.26±2.12* |
本发明制备的筋骨草胶囊组 | 0.3g/kg | 24.61±3.61* |
本发明的筋骨草胶囊组与空白组相比,*p<0.05;本发明的筋骨草胶囊组与市售的筋骨草胶囊组相比,*p<0.05。
本发明的筋骨草胶囊对皮肤的刺激性试验如下。取16只健康家兔,雌雄各半,分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,在给药前48小时,用5%硫化钠溶液将动物背部脊椎两侧脱毛,每侧面积约为40cm2,去毛后24小时检查去毛皮肤是否有因去毛而受伤,家兔的破损皮肤的制作如下:用手术刀将去毛消毒皮肤划破,以渗血为度,控制左右两侧皮肤的破损程度基本保持一致。采用同体左右自身对照法:左右侧去毛区分别给予空白对照和本发明浸湿的筋骨草药粉,每天涂抹一次,连续给药7天,并分别在停止给药后1、24、48、72h观察给药部位有无红斑及水肿等情况,同时注意观察给药部位是否有色素沉着、出血点、皮肤粗糙等情况。结果表明,筋骨草药粉连续给药7天后,在72小时内观察,家兔完整皮肤组与破损皮肤组均未见红斑、水肿等刺激性反应,说明本发明制备的筋骨草胶囊外用时对皮肤无刺激性。
Claims (6)
1.一种筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其步骤如下:
a)将筋骨草和薄荷叶按照40-50:1的质量比混合并粉碎成粗粉,加入4-8倍体积的热水煎煮2-3h,冷却至40℃以下,过滤,得滤液和滤渣;
b)将步骤a中的滤渣采用浓度为85-90%的乙醇常压加热回流提取,提取2-3次,每次2-3h,回收乙醇,将提取液与步骤a中的滤液合并,得混合液;
c)向混合液中加入质量百分比为1%-3%的活性炭,搅拌1-2h,然后超滤,得超滤滤液和超滤浓缩液;
d)向超滤滤液中加入质量百分比为1%-1.5%的乳糖,溶解,然后喷雾干燥,干燥得到的粉体装入胶囊,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤d中的超滤滤液在加入乳糖前先是经过如下处理:将超滤滤液置于140-150℃的温度下杀菌15-20S。
3.根据权利要求2所述的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其特征在于:步骤c中的超滤浓缩液经过如下处理:向超滤浓缩液中加3-5倍体积的纯水,静置过夜,取上层液加到步骤b中的滤渣中,重复步骤b、c、d。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述超滤采用的膜元件的截留分子量为2000-8000D。
5.根据权利要求4所述的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述超滤采用的膜元件的工作温度为40℃-60℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的筋骨草胶囊的生产工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤d中喷雾干燥的粉体过80-100目筛。
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