CN106848496B - Fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation - Google Patents
Fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation, which comprises a main thermoelectric generation module, a main controller, a voltage stabilizing module, an electricity utilization module and a fuel cell, wherein the main thermoelectric generation module is connected with the main controller; the main thermoelectric power generation module is arranged at the top of the carriage, a water inlet of a hot-end water tank of the main thermoelectric power generation module is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell, and a circulating water pump is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet sleeve; the water outlet of the hot end water tank of the main thermoelectric power generation module is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell to form a parallel topological structure; the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module adopts a forced air cooling mode for heat dissipation. The invention can effectively carry out secondary power generation on the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell tramcar, and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell application, and particularly relates to a fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation.
Background
In an urban traffic system, modern tramcars have the characteristics of large transportation capacity, high speed, quasi-point operation, moderate investment and the like, and are rapidly developed in countries around the world, wherein a new stock building company has already built the largest domestic tramcar production base. In recent years, with the rapid development of fuel cells in the automobile field, especially with the successful marketing of the Toyota "Mirai" and Honda "Clarity" fuel cell automobiles, and with the coming production of the Barnade fuel cell production line in China, the cost of the fuel cells will further decrease, the fuel cells have been paid much attention in the rail transportation field, and the fuel cell tramcars are also the advanced generation and research hotspots of the tramcar power supply technology.
Under the fundation of the national science and technology support program (2014 BAG08B 01), after the southwest traffic university successfully develops the first fuel cell electric locomotive in China in 2013, the fuel cell hybrid power 100% low-floor tramcar is developed in the first place in China since 2014. The sample car has been developed successfully at present and passes a series of tests and finally rain tests. The main power supply of the vehicle is two sets of 150kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems (the electric pile is HD6 of Barnad, canada), and because the working efficiency of the fuel cell is between 40% and 60%, 40% to 60% of energy is dissipated into heat energy, namely, the 300kW fuel cell of the vehicle needs to dissipate heat of about 150kW so as to ensure that the fuel cell operates at a proper temperature. Since the sample car is a 100% low floor tram, all equipment must be placed on the roof, the space is extremely limited, and 150kW of heat must be released in a 1600mm 1900mm 630mm space. As a result, under the existing conditions, 150kW of heat cannot be utilized, and in extreme conditions, the sample car radiator fan itself needs to consume 22kW of power at the maximum, and brings about 100dB or more of noise at the maximum. Therefore, the research on new waste heat recycling technology of fuel cell tramcars is urgent.
A patent "fuel cell tramcar heat comprehensive utilization method and device" (CN 201410193795.2) discloses a fuel cell tramcar heat comprehensive utilization method and device, mainly aiming at the fuel cell-air conditioning system heat comprehensive management. Patent "automobile tail gas pipe temperature difference power generation device" (CN 201220318086.9) discloses a fuel oil type automobile tail gas pipe temperature difference power generation device. At present, no relevant patent in the aspect of waste heat recycling of the fuel cell tramcar based on thermoelectric power generation is seen at home and abroad.
The working temperature of the fuel cell stack is about 65 ℃, the fuel cell stack belongs to low-grade waste heat, the tramcar has no hot water requirement, and the added space is very tight, so the only probably adopted waste heat utilization technology is low-temperature semiconductor thermoelectric power generation. The thermoelectric power generation does not need chemical reaction or fluid medium, has the advantages of no noise, no abrasion, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, long service life and the like in the power generation process, and has high attention in the recovery of the waste heat of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine and the automobile. Although the waste heat of the fuel cell automobile is difficult to utilize, the fuel cell tramcar adopts the thermoelectric generation and has two advantages: the tramcar has high power level and large total heat production amount, and over 95 percent of waste heat is taken away by cooling circulating water, so that the waste heat is conveniently and intensively utilized; and secondly, the tramcar air conditioning system has waste cold exhaust in summer, and the cold air can be used as a cold source for thermoelectric power generation, so that the cold and hot surfaces can keep larger temperature difference as far as possible (wherein the environment is used as the cold end in three seasons of spring, autumn and winter). Meanwhile, with the development of thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric semiconductor materials with higher figure of merit will gradually emerge. Therefore, the thermoelectric generation is utilized to carry out secondary power generation on the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell tramcar, the utilization rate of energy can be effectively improved, and the thermoelectric generation has great development potential in the aspect of energy conservation and environmental protection of vehicles.
In the prior art, the two are not combined and utilized through the characteristics of the two, so that the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell cannot be effectively subjected to secondary power generation, and the utilization rate of energy is extremely low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a waste heat recovery system of a fuel cell tramcar based on thermoelectric power generation, which can effectively perform secondary power generation on low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell tramcar and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation comprises a main thermoelectric generation module, a main controller, a voltage stabilizing module, an electricity utilization module and a fuel cell;
the main thermoelectric power generation module is arranged at the top of the carriage, a water inlet of a hot-end water tank of the main thermoelectric power generation module is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell, and a circulating water pump is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet sleeve; the water outlet of the hot end water tank of the main thermoelectric power generation module is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell to form a parallel topological structure;
the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module is cooled in a forced air cooling mode; a main radiator fan, a cold air conveying pipe and a cold end water tank are arranged on the cold surface, the cold end water tank is arranged between the main radiator fan and the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module, an inlet of the cold end water tank is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell, and an outlet of the cold end water tank is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell; a cooling electric three-way valve is arranged at the split position of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell and is respectively connected with the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, an inlet of a cold end water tank and a water inlet of a hot end water tank; the cold air delivery pipe is communicated with an exhaust fan in the carriage; the temperature difference between the cold surface and the hot surface is kept as large as possible by introducing waste cold exhaust air in the carriage;
the main controller outputs control signals to the cooling electric three-way valve and the main radiator fan; the electric energy generated by the main thermoelectric generation module is output to the power utilization module through the voltage stabilizing module.
The water inlet of the hot-end water tank is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell, and a parallel topological structure is adopted, so that the temperature at the cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced by the addition of the thermoelectric generation module; install the electronic three-way valve of cooling in coolant liquid export reposition of redundant personnel department, electronic three-way valve connects the water inlet of fuel cell coolant liquid export, cold junction cooling plate entry and hot junction water tank respectively, is convenient for adjust the liquid flow direction according to the demand.
Furthermore, the main thermoelectric generation module adopts a sandwich structure and comprises a hot-end water tank, a heat insulation reinforcing plate, a thermoelectric generation sheet array and a radiator; the hot surface of the thermoelectric generation sheet array is fixed on the heat-conducting surface of the hot-end water tank through heat-conducting silica gel; a heat insulation reinforcing plate is arranged between the thermoelectric generation sheet array and the hot-end water tank, and redundant heat is prevented from being diffused to a radiator of the thermoelectric generation module through the heat insulation reinforcing plate; the cold surface of the thermoelectric generation chip array is connected with the radiator through the heat-conducting silica gel.
Furthermore, a water passage with a spiral arrangement structure is arranged in the hot end water tank to ensure the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the heat conducting surface of the water tank; the heat conducting surface is arranged outside the hot end water tank, and heat insulating materials are laid on the other three surfaces of the hot end water tank to prevent heat loss.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric generation sheet array is a topological structure in which a plurality of thermoelectric generation sheets are connected in series and in parallel, a cold surface temperature sensor and a hot surface temperature sensor are arranged on a cold surface and a hot surface of each thermoelectric generation sheet, and the cold surface temperature sensor and the hot surface temperature sensor are connected with the main controller through wires; and monitoring the state of the thermoelectric power generation piece in real time.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric power generation sheet array is made of thermoelectric materials suitable for low-grade waste heat recovery; preferably, the thermoelectric generation piece is made of a Bi2Te3 material suitable for low-grade waste heat recovery, and the optimal value of the thermoelectric generation piece at room temperature is about 1.
Furthermore, the water inlet of the hot end water tank is provided with a water inlet temperature sensor and a flow meter, the water outlet of the hot end water tank and the water inlet of the fuel cell are respectively provided with a water outlet temperature sensor and a fuel cell temperature sensor, data collected by the water inlet temperature sensor, the water outlet temperature sensor, the fuel cell temperature sensor and the flow meter are sent to the main controller, and the main controller outputs control signals to control the cooling electric three-way valve at the shunting part to adjust the water flow of each branch and/or control the rotating speed of the fan of the main radiator, so that the temperature of the water inlet of the fuel cell is maintained in a specified range.
Furthermore, an exhaust electric three-way valve is arranged on an output pipeline of the exhaust fan, and the exhaust electric three-way valve is respectively connected with an exhaust pipeline of the exhaust fan, a cold air conveying pipe and a carriage exhaust pipeline; aiming at high temperature in summer, the outdoor temperature is monitored through an ambient temperature sensor arranged outside the carriage, when the temperature reaches a preset value, a control signal is output by a main controller module, an exhaust electric three-way valve at a cold air conveying pipe is controlled, and waste cold exhaust in the carriage is introduced; the cold air is sent into the exhaust fan through the exhaust fan by the exhaust outlet and then is conveyed onto the radiator of the thermoelectric generation module by the cold air conveying pipe to radiate the cold surface, so that the cold surface and the hot surface can keep larger temperature difference as far as possible.
Furthermore, the topological structure of the voltage stabilizing module comprises a preceding stage protection module, a DC-DC module, an output protection module and a super capacitor module, wherein the preceding stage protection module, the DC-DC module, the output protection module and the super capacitor module are formed by reverse connection prevention protection and differential mode common mode filtering; for outputting a stable direct current.
Further, a lithium battery energy storage module is arranged between the voltage stabilizing module and the power utilization module; no matter what kind of operating condition is in at the tramcar, the thermoelectric generation main module can generate electricity as long as there is the difference in temperature in the cold and hot face of difference in temperature piece, and the generated electricity can be stored in the lithium cell for the later stage uses.
Furthermore, the main controller obtains input data through temperature sensors arranged on the cold and hot surfaces of the thermoelectric generation sheet, the water inlet of the hot end water tank, the water outlet of the hot end water tank, the water inlet of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell and the outer part of the carriage, a voltage sensor and a current sensor arranged on the output port of the voltage stabilizing module and a flow meter arranged at the water inlet of the hot end water tank; the main controller comprises a data acquisition card, a control chip, an electric three-way valve controller, a main radiator controller and a lithium battery charging and discharging controller; the data acquisition card is connected with an input terminal of the control chip, and the control chip outputs control signals of the electric three-way valve controller, the main radiator controller and the lithium battery charge and discharge controller; the data acquisition card is connected with an electronic display which is arranged on the inner wall of the carriage and used for observing various data change conditions in real time.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
(1) Because the power level of the fuel cell tramcar is high, the total heat production is large, and more than 95 percent of waste heat is taken away by cooling circulating liquid; therefore, the waste heat is conveniently concentrated and recycled by utilizing the thermoelectric power generation, and the heat dissipation pressure of a heat dissipation fan of the fuel cell is relieved; meanwhile, as a hot air blower is not needed in the thermoelectric power generation, the noise pollution caused by the hot air blower arranged in the thermoelectric power generation can be effectively reduced;
(2) When the fuel cell tramcar air conditioning system is in a working condition in summer, the waste cold exhaust air existing in the fuel cell tramcar air conditioning system can be utilized, the cold air is reasonably introduced to serve as an auxiliary cold source for temperature difference power generation, the surface temperature of the radiator can be effectively reduced, the cold and hot surfaces can keep larger temperature difference as far as possible (wherein the environment is taken as a cold end in three seasons of spring, autumn and winter), and the utilization efficiency of energy and environmental protection can be effectively improved;
(3) The invention does not need chemical reaction or fluid medium in the power generation process, and has the advantages of no noise, no abrasion, no medium leakage, small volume, light weight, convenient movement, no need of later maintenance, long service life and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the thermoelectric generation main module according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hot side tank in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a thermoelectric generation main module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage stabilization module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a main controller module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a main thermoelectric generation module, 2 is a main controller, 3 is a voltage stabilizing module, 4 is an electricity utilization module, 5 is a fuel cell, 6 is a main radiator fan, 7 is an exhaust electric three-way valve, 8 is a cold air delivery pipe, 9 is a circulating water pump, 10 is a carriage, 11 is a cooling electric three-way valve, 12 is a cold end water tank, 13 is a carriage exhaust pipeline, 14 is an exhaust outlet, 15 is a flowmeter, 16 is an exhaust fan, and 17 is an exhaust fan;
101 is a hot-end water tank, 102 is a heat insulation reinforcing plate, 103 is a thermoelectric generation sheet array, 104 is a radiator, 105 is a cold-surface temperature sensor, 106 is a hot-surface temperature sensor, 111 is a heat insulation material, 112 is a water passage, 113 is a hot-end water tank water inlet, and 114 is a hot-end water tank water outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a thermoelectric generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system, which includes a main thermoelectric generation module 1, a main controller 2, a voltage stabilizing module 3, an electricity utilization module 4, and a fuel cell 5;
the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is arranged at the top of the carriage 10, a water inlet 113 of a hot end water tank 101 of the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell 5, and a circulating water pump 9 is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet sleeve; the water outlet 114 of the hot end water tank 101 of the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell 5 to form a parallel topological structure;
the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module 1 adopts a forced air cooling mode for heat dissipation; a main radiator fan 6, a cold air delivery pipe 8 and a cold end water tank 12 are arranged on the cold surface, the cold end water tank 12 is arranged between the main radiator fan 6 and the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module 1, an inlet of the cold end water tank 12 is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell 5, and an outlet of the cold end water tank 12 is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell 5; a cooling electric three-way valve 11 is arranged at the split position of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell 5, and the cooling electric three-way valve 11 is respectively connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, an inlet of a cold-end water tank 12 and a water inlet 113 of a hot-end water tank 101; the cold air delivery pipe 8 is communicated with an exhaust fan 16 in the carriage 10; the waste cold exhaust air in the carriage 10 is introduced, so that the cold and hot surfaces keep larger temperature difference as far as possible;
the main controller 2 outputs control signals to the cooling electric three-way valve 11 and the main radiator fan 6; the electric energy generated by the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is output to the electricity utilization module 4 through the voltage stabilizing module 3.
As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the main thermoelectric generation module 1 adopts a sandwich structure, and includes a hot-end water tank 101, a heat insulation reinforcing plate 102, a thermoelectric generation sheet array 103, and a heat sink 104; the hot surface of the thermoelectric generation sheet array 103 is fixed on the heat-conducting surface of the hot-end water tank 101 through heat-conducting silica gel; a heat insulation reinforcing plate 102 is arranged between the thermoelectric generation sheet array 103 and the hot-end water tank 101; the cold side of the thermoelectric generation sheet array 103 is connected with the radiator 104 through heat-conducting silica gel.
Wherein, the heat sink 104 is a fin heat sink; the redundant heat is prevented from being diffused to the fin-shaped radiator 104 by arranging the heat insulation reinforcing plate 102, and the cold surface of the thermoelectric generation sheet is connected with the fin-shaped radiator through heat-conducting silica gel; when there is the difference in temperature between the thermoelectric generation piece both ends, inside PN type thermoelectric material will be the electric energy with heat energy conversion based on seeback effect, and generating efficiency increases along with the rise of difference in temperature.
The cold surface of the temperature difference piece adopts a forced air cooling mode for heat dissipation, aiming at high temperature in summer, the outdoor temperature is monitored by a temperature sensor arranged outside a carriage 10, once the temperature reaches a preset value, a control signal is output by a main controller 2, an exhaust electric three-way valve 7 at a cold air exhaust pipe 8 is controlled, waste cold air in the carriage 10 is introduced, cold air is sent to an exhaust fan 17 through an exhaust fan 16 by an exhaust outlet 14, and then is conveyed to a fin-shaped radiator through the cold air exhaust pipe 8 for heat dissipation; if the temperature of the cooling liquid is low, the cooling liquid can be introduced into the cold surface through the cooling electric three-way valve 11; so that the cold and hot surfaces can keep larger temperature difference as far as possible.
As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the inside of the hot-end water tank 101 is provided with water passages 112 in a spiral arrangement structure to ensure uniformity of temperature distribution of the heat-conducting surface of the water tank; the outside heat-conducting surface that removes of hot junction water tank 101, all the other trilateral insulation material 111 of having laid guarantees that thermoelectric generation piece hot side can the at utmost be heated, and cold side is fallen to the minimum by the heat influence of coming through the air dielectric transmission.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the thermoelectric generation sheet array 103 is a topological structure in which a plurality of thermoelectric generation sheets are connected in series and in parallel; the limited space of the car roof is fully utilized, and the generated electric energy is guaranteed to be maximum (in practical application, the number of the patches and the connection mode can be determined according to the specific area).
The cold and hot surfaces of each thermoelectric generation piece are provided with a cold surface temperature sensor 105 and a hot surface temperature sensor 106, and the cold surface temperature sensor 105 and the hot surface temperature sensor 106 are connected with the main controller 2 through wires.
As an optimized scheme of the above embodiment, the water inlet 113 of the hot-end water tank 101 is provided with a water inlet temperature sensor and a flow meter 15, the water outlet 114 of the hot-end water tank and the water inlet of the fuel cell are respectively provided with a water outlet temperature sensor and a fuel cell temperature sensor, data collected by the water inlet temperature sensor, the water outlet temperature sensor, the fuel cell temperature sensor and the flow meter 15 are sent to the main controller 2, and the main controller 2 outputs a control signal to control the cooling electric three-way valve 11 at the splitting position to adjust the water flow of each branch or control the rotation speed of the main radiator fan 6.
The main controller 2 outputs a control signal; once the inlet coolant temperature of the fuel cell 5 is monitored to be less than 55 ℃, the control signal can be controlled by reducing the rotational speed of the main radiator fan 6; on the other hand, the cooling electric three-way valve 11 at the shunting part can be controlled to adjust the water flow of each branch, and the temperature of the water inlet of the fuel cell 5 is ensured to be maintained within the range of 55-63 ℃.
As an optimized scheme of the above embodiment, an exhaust electric three-way valve 7 is arranged on an output pipeline of the exhaust fan 16, and the exhaust electric three-way valve 7 is respectively connected with an exhaust pipeline of the exhaust fan 16, a cold air delivery pipe 8 and a carriage exhaust pipeline 13; monitoring outdoor temperature through an ambient temperature sensor arranged outside the carriage 10, outputting a control signal by a main controller module 2 when the temperature reaches a preset value, controlling an exhaust electric three-way valve 7 at a cold air delivery pipe 8, and introducing waste cold exhaust in the carriage 10; the cold air is sent to the exhaust fan 17 through the exhaust fan 16 from the exhaust outlet 14, and then is conveyed to the radiator of the thermoelectric generation module through the cold air conveying pipe 8, so as to cool and radiate the cold surface.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a topology structure of the voltage stabilizing module 3 includes a pre-stage protection module, a DC-DC module, an output protection module and a super capacitor module, where the pre-stage protection module, the DC-DC module and the output protection module are sequentially connected in series, the super capacitor module is connected in parallel to the output protection module, the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is connected to an input end of the anti-reverse protection, and an output end of the output protection module is connected to the power utilization module 4; the temperature difference of the cold and the hot surfaces of the main thermoelectric generation module 1 can still output stable 24V direct current under the continuous fluctuation state.
As an optimized solution of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a lithium battery energy storage module is arranged between the voltage stabilizing module 3 and the electricity utilization module 4; no matter what operation condition the tramcar is in, the power can be generated as long as the temperature difference exists between the cold surface and the hot surface of the temperature difference power generation piece, and the generated power can be stored in the lithium battery for later use; the electric energy generated by the main thermoelectric generation module 1 is charged for a lithium battery or directly supplied to vehicle-mounted electric equipment for use through the voltage stabilizing module.
As shown in fig. 6, the main controller 2 obtains input data by using temperature sensors installed on the cold and hot surfaces of the thermoelectric generation sheet, the hot-side water tank inlet 113, the hot-side water tank outlet 114, the fuel cell coolant inlet, and the outside of the vehicle compartment 10, a voltage sensor and a current sensor installed on the output port of the voltage stabilizing module 3, and a flow meter 15 installed at the hot-side water tank inlet 113; the main controller comprises a data acquisition card, a control chip, an electric three-way valve controller, a main radiator controller and a lithium battery charging and discharging controller; the data acquisition card is connected with an input terminal of the control chip, and the control chip outputs control signals of the electric three-way valve controller, the main radiator controller and the lithium battery charge and discharge controller; the data acquisition card is connected with an electronic display, and the electronic display is arranged on the inner wall of the carriage 10.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system based on thermoelectric generation is characterized by comprising a main thermoelectric generation module (1), a main controller (2), a voltage stabilizing module (3), an electricity utilization module (4) and a fuel cell (5);
the main thermoelectric power generation module (1) is arranged at the top of the carriage (10), a water inlet (113) of a hot end water tank (101) of the main thermoelectric power generation module (1) is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell (5), and a circulating water pump (9) is arranged at the cooling liquid outlet sleeve; a water outlet (114) of a hot end water tank (101) of the main thermoelectric generation module (1) is connected with a cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell (5) to form a parallel topological structure;
the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module (1) adopts a forced air cooling mode to dissipate heat; a main radiator fan (6), a cold air conveying pipe (8) and a cold end water tank (12) are arranged on the cold surface, the cold end water tank (12) is arranged between the main radiator fan (6) and the cold surface of the main thermoelectric generation module (1), the inlet of the cold end water tank (12) is connected with a cooling liquid outlet sleeve of the fuel cell (5), and the outlet of the cold end water tank (12) is connected with the cooling liquid inlet sleeve of the fuel cell (5); a cooling electric three-way valve (11) is arranged at the split position of a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell (5), and the cooling electric three-way valve (11) is respectively connected with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell, an inlet of a cold end water tank (12) and a water inlet (113) of a hot end water tank (101); the cold air delivery pipe (8) is communicated with an exhaust fan (16) in the carriage (10);
the main controller (2) outputs control signals to the cooling electric three-way valve (11) and the main radiator fan (6); the electric energy generated by the main thermoelectric generation module (1) is output to the electric module (4) through the voltage stabilizing module (3).
2. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main thermoelectric power generation module (1) adopts a sandwich structure, and comprises a hot-end water tank (101), a heat insulation reinforcing plate (102), a thermoelectric power generation sheet array (103) and a radiator (104); the hot surface of the thermoelectric generation sheet array (103) is fixed on the heat conduction surface of the hot-end water tank (101) through heat conduction silica gel; a heat insulation reinforcing plate (102) is arranged between the thermoelectric generation sheet array (103) and the hot-end water tank (101); the cold surface of the thermoelectric generation sheet array (103) is connected with the radiator (104) through heat-conducting silica gel.
3. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hot end water tank (101) is internally provided with water passages (112) in a spiral arrangement structure; the heat-insulating material (111) is laid on the other three surfaces except the heat-conducting surface of the hot-end water tank (101).
4. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system according to claim 3, wherein the thermoelectric power generation sheet array (103) is a topology structure in which a plurality of thermoelectric power generation sheets are connected in series and in parallel, a cold surface temperature sensor (105) and a hot surface temperature sensor (106) are installed on the cold and hot surfaces of each thermoelectric power generation sheet, and the cold surface temperature sensor (105) and the hot surface temperature sensor (106) are connected with the main controller (2) through wires.
5. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system of claim 4 wherein the array of thermoelectric power generation plates (103) is made of thermoelectric materials suitable for low-grade waste heat recovery.
6. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, wherein a water inlet temperature sensor and a flow meter (15) are installed at a water inlet (113) of the hot end water tank (101), a water outlet temperature sensor and a fuel cell temperature sensor are installed at a water outlet (114) of the hot end water tank and a water inlet of a fuel cell respectively, data collected by the water inlet temperature sensor, the water outlet temperature sensor, the fuel cell temperature sensor and the flow meter (15) are sent to the main controller (2), and the main controller (2) outputs control signals to control the electric three-way valve (11) at the shunting position to adjust water flow of each branch and/or control the rotation speed of the main radiator fan (6).
7. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 6, wherein an exhaust electric three-way valve (7) is arranged on an output pipeline of the exhaust fan (16), and the exhaust electric three-way valve (7) is respectively connected with an exhaust pipeline of the exhaust fan (16), a cold air delivery pipe (8) and a carriage exhaust pipeline (13); monitoring outdoor temperature through an ambient temperature sensor arranged outside the carriage (10), outputting a control signal by a main controller module (2) when the temperature reaches a preset value, controlling an exhaust electric three-way valve (7) at a cold air conveying pipe (8) and introducing waste cold exhaust air in the carriage (10); the cold air is sent into an exhaust fan (17) through an exhaust fan (16) from an exhaust outlet (14), and then is conveyed to a radiator of the thermoelectric generation module through a cold air conveying pipe (8) to cool the cold surface.
8. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system according to claim 7, characterized in that the topology of the voltage stabilizing module (3) comprises an anti-reverse connection protection, a pre-stage protection module formed by differential mode and common mode filtering, a DC-DC module, an output protection module and a super capacitor module, wherein the anti-reverse connection protection, the pre-stage protection module formed by differential mode and common mode filtering, the DC-DC module and the output protection module are sequentially connected in series, the super capacitor module is connected in parallel on the output protection module, the main thermoelectric power generation module (1) is connected to the input end of the anti-reverse connection protection, and the output end of the output protection module is connected to the power utilization module (4).
9. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a lithium battery energy storage module is arranged between the voltage stabilizing module (3) and the electricity utilization module (4).
10. The thermoelectric power generation-based fuel cell tramcar waste heat recovery system according to claim 9, wherein the main controller (2) obtains input data through temperature sensors installed on the cold and hot sides of the thermoelectric power generation sheet, the hot side water tank inlet (113), the hot side water tank outlet (114), the fuel cell coolant inlet and the outside of the carriage (10), a voltage sensor and a current sensor installed on the output port of the voltage stabilization module (3), and a flow meter (15) installed at the hot side water tank inlet (113); the main controller comprises a data acquisition card, a control chip, an electric three-way valve controller, a main radiator controller and a lithium battery charging and discharging controller; the data acquisition card is connected with an input terminal of the control chip, and the control chip outputs control signals to the electric three-way valve controller, the main radiator controller and the lithium battery charge and discharge controller; the data acquisition card is also connected with an electronic display which is arranged on the inner wall of the carriage (10).
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