CN106845726B - Rectangular piece optimized blanking method oriented to excess material concentration - Google Patents

Rectangular piece optimized blanking method oriented to excess material concentration Download PDF

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CN106845726B
CN106845726B CN201710076142.XA CN201710076142A CN106845726B CN 106845726 B CN106845726 B CN 106845726B CN 201710076142 A CN201710076142 A CN 201710076142A CN 106845726 B CN106845726 B CN 106845726B
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阎春平
吴电建
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimizing blanking of rectangular pieces for excess material concentration, and a bagComprises the following steps: step 1) initializing a raw material basic information set (M, L, W, S) and a rectangular part basic information set (n, L, W, d)o) And let the current part demand d ═ do(ii) a Step 2) traversing the basic information sets (M, L, W, S) of the raw materials, and selecting a temporary layout (j, I) for each raw material according to the optimization rule of the layout lathj,FjS); step 3) calculating the raw material utilization rate of each temporary stock layout, selecting the temporary stock layout with the maximum raw material utilization rate as an optimal stock layout (j, I, F, s), and calculating the demand d of the remaining partsrd-F; 4) determining the remaining part demand drIf not, let d be drAnd returning to the step 2) until d is satisfiedr0, thereby obtaining the target demand doThe blanking scheme of (1). On the premise of ensuring higher raw material utilization rate, the invention realizes the centralization of the excess material on the raw material and simplifies the blanking and cutting process of the rectangular part.

Description

Rectangular piece optimized blanking method oriented to excess material concentration
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blanking method for cutting a rectangular part on a rectangular raw material.
Background
In a rectangular part manufacturing enterprise, rectangular parts are produced and processed in batch mode in a mode of installing orders. The blanking and cutting of the rectangular part belongs to a connection line staged manufacturing process, a certain amount of excess materials are generated by the blanking and cutting of the rectangular part in each manufacturing stage, and the size and the shape of the area of the excess materials determine whether the excess materials can be reused or not. In the prior art, each manufacturing stage only takes the maximum utilization rate of raw materials as a production target, a plurality of scattered small rectangular excess materials are generated after rectangular raw materials are cut and processed, the excess materials cannot be concentrated, the excess materials are seriously scattered, secondary utilization cannot be carried out, and the excess materials can only be treated in a waste form. For the continuous production and processing of rectangular parts, the phenomenon of excess material fragmentation can cause potential and continuous waste, and further influence the direct economic benefit and sustainable development of enterprises. Therefore, the comprehensive consideration of the utilization rate of raw materials and the concentration of excess materials has important significance on the optimization of the blanking method of the rectangular parts.
The blanking scheme of the rectangular part is composed of a plurality of stock patterns, and each stock pattern is composed of a plurality of stock pattern battens. As shown in fig. 1, the waste strakes are divided into 4 types: 1) horizontal long slat 1 a: the wide sides of a plurality of rectangular parts of the same type are spliced two by two and arranged horizontally to form a strip along the long side direction of the part; 2) horizontal wide slat 1 b: the long sides of the rectangular parts of the same type are spliced two by two and arranged in the horizontal direction to form a strip along the width direction of the part; 3) vertical long lath 1 c: the wide sides of a plurality of rectangular parts of the same type are spliced two by two and arranged in the vertical direction to form a strip along the long side direction of the part; 4) vertical wide slat 1 d: the long sides of the rectangular parts of the same type are spliced two by two and arranged in the vertical direction to form a strip along the width direction of the part.
On the same raw material, any one of the rectangular parts can form 4 candidate layout battens according to the size constraint of the raw material, and as shown in fig. 1, the shadow part generated by each candidate layout batten after the raw material is arranged is a residual part 2 e. The length in the horizontal direction in the surplus material portion for the horizontally long lath and the horizontally wide lath is called the surplus material length; the length in the vertical direction in the remainder portion for a vertically long lath and a vertically wide lath is called the remainder length; the value of the length of the excess material is more than or equal to zero due to the constraint of the size of the raw material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the excess material concentration-oriented rectangular piece optimized blanking method, which realizes the excess material concentration on the rectangular raw material, simplifies the blanking cutting process of the rectangular part and improves the secondary utilization rate of the excess material on the premise of ensuring higher raw material utilization rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means: a method for optimizing a rectangular piece facing excess material concentration comprises the following steps:
step 101: the following data information is initialized:
a raw material basic information set (M, L, W, S), wherein M represents the number of types of raw materials, L represents a length dimension set of raw materials, W represents a width dimension set of raw materials, S represents a supply amount set of raw materials, and the supply amount of raw materials is sufficient; the basic information of the jth raw material is (j, L)j,Wj,Sj)，j∈{1,2,...,M}，Lj∈L，Wj∈W，Sj∈S；
Basic information set (n, l, w, d) of rectangular parto) Wherein n represents the number of kinds of the rectangular parts, l represents the length dimension set of the rectangular parts, w represents the width dimension set of the rectangular parts, doRepresenting a target demand for the rectangular part;
let current part demand d ═ do(ii) a The basic information of the ith rectangular part is (i, l)i,wi,di)，i∈{1,2,...,n}，li∈l，wi∈w，di∈d，d＝{d1,d2,...,dn}。
Step 102: traversing the basic information set (M, L, W, S) of the raw materials, and selecting a temporary layout (j, I) for each raw material according to the optimization rule of the layout lathj,FjS), wherein j represents the jth raw material; i isjA set of type numbers representing rectangular parts in the temporary layout; fjRepresenting a set of numbers of rectangular parts in the temporary layout; s represents the arrangement direction of the stock-out strips, s-0 represents horizontal arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material, and s-1 represents vertical arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material;
wherein, the optimal rule of the stock layout lath is as follows: selecting the candidate strip with the shortest length of the excess material on the jth raw material as a stock layout strip (i, l)i,wi,fiS), wherein fiIndicating the number of ith rectangular parts in the layout strip; if two or more than two candidate laths with the shortest excess material length exist at the same time, selecting the candidate lath with the largest area as a layout lath (i, l, w, f, s); and the arrangement directions of all the layout battens are consistent.
Step 103: calculating the raw material utilization rate of each temporary stock layout, selecting the temporary stock layout with the maximum raw material utilization rate as an optimal stock layout (j, I, F, s), and calculating the demand d of the remaining partsr＝d-F。
Step 104: determining the remaining part demand drIf not, let d be drAnd returning to step 102;if so, obtaining the meeting target demand d consisting of the preferred patterns (j, I, F, s)oAnd (5) blanking scheme.
Step 105: and (5) blanking according to a blanking scheme.
Further, the selection of the temporary stock layout of the jth raw material in the step 102 is performed according to the following steps:
step 201: initializing raw material current size of j raw material: current length dimension LQ＝LjCurrent width dimension WQ＝Wj。
Step 202: determining the first layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fi,s)。
Step 203: determining the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths according to the arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath: the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths is consistent with the sample arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath.
Step 204: calculating the residual part demand dp＝d-fi(ii) a While calculating the dimensional constraints of the remainder of the raw material: when s is 0, Lp＝LQ，
Figure BDA0001224394550000031
When s is 1, Wp＝WQ，
Figure BDA0001224394550000032
Step 205: determining the remaining part demand dpIf it is zero, go to step 209; if not, go to step 206.
Step 206: let the raw material current size equal the size constraint of the remaining portion of raw material: l isQ＝Lp，WQ＝Wp(ii) a Make the current part demand equal to the remaining part demand: d ═ dp。
Step 207: judging whether a rectangular part capable of performing layout on the current size of the raw material exists or not according to the current size of the raw material and the current part demand, and if not, entering step 209; if so, the rectangular part that can be laid out on the current size of the stock material is selected and the process proceeds to step 208.
Step 208: selecting the layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fiS), and returns to step 204.
Step 209: obtaining a temporary layout (j, I) composed of a combination of selected layout stripsj,Fj,s)。
Further, step 207 determines whether there is a rectangular part that can be laid out on the current size of the stock material as follows.
Step 301: judging the arrangement direction of the first arrangement lath, and if s is equal to 0, entering step 302; if s is 1, the process proceeds to step 303.
Step 302: the current width dimension W of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and W is judgedQ≥wiOr WQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, the rectangular part cannot be arranged on the current size of the raw material.
Step 303: the current length dimension L of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and L is judgedQ≥wiOr LQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, the rectangular part cannot be arranged on the current size of the raw material.
Compared with the blanking method only considering the utilization rate of raw materials in the prior art, the blanking method for the rectangular piece oriented to the excess material concentration has the following beneficial effects:
1. the temporary stock layout screened by adopting the stock layout batten optimization rule has higher raw material utilization rate and can ensure the excess material to be concentrated; all stock layout laths are arranged in the same direction and are arranged from the upper left corner of the raw material, so that the excess materials are concentrated at the lower right side of the raw material, the phenomenon of dispersion of the excess materials on a single stock layout is avoided, and meanwhile, each stock layout lath only comprises one type of rectangular parts, so that the blanking cutting process is greatly simplified.
2. A temporary stock layout is selected for each raw material according to the current part demand, so that the selection range of the blanking scheme for the raw materials is expanded.
3. The whole obtaining process of the blanking scheme is an iterative process taking the current part demand as a variable, so that the selected blanking scheme can be composed of optimal stock layout of different raw materials, the utilization rate of the raw materials can be improved to the maximum degree, the loss of the raw materials is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of 4 types of waste staves;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a process for obtaining a blanking schedule in a specific embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a process for obtaining a temporary layout of a jth raw material in an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a layout design diagram of the blanking scheme in the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. A method for optimizing blanking of rectangular pieces facing excess material concentration is disclosed, as shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 101: the following data information is initialized:
a raw material basic information set (M, L, W, S), wherein M represents the number of types of raw materials, L represents a length dimension set of raw materials, W represents a width dimension set of raw materials, S represents a supply amount set of raw materials, and the supply amount of raw materials is sufficient; the basic information of the jth raw material is (j, L)j,Wj,Sj)，j∈{1,2,...,M}，Lj∈L，Wj∈W，Sj∈S；
Basic information set (n, l, w, d) of rectangular parto) Wherein n represents the number of kinds of the rectangular parts, l represents the length dimension set of the rectangular parts, w represents the width dimension set of the rectangular parts, doRepresenting a target demand for the rectangular part;
let current part demand d ═ do(ii) a The basic information of the ith rectangular part is (i, l)i,wi,di)，i∈{1,2,...,n}，li∈l，wi∈w，di∈d，d＝{d1,d2,...,dn}。
Step 102: traversing the basic information set (M, L, W, S) of the raw materials, and selecting a temporary layout (j, I) for each raw material according to the optimization rule of the layout lathj,FjS), wherein j represents the jth raw material; i isjA set of type numbers representing rectangular parts in the temporary layout; fjRepresenting a set of numbers of rectangular parts in the temporary layout; s represents the arrangement direction of the stock-out strips, s-0 represents horizontal arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material, and s-1 represents vertical arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material;
wherein, the optimal rule of the stock layout lath is as follows: selecting the candidate strip with the shortest length of the excess material on the jth raw material as a stock layout strip (i, l)i,wi,fiS), wherein fiIndicating the number of ith rectangular parts in the layout strip; if two or more than two candidate laths with the shortest excess material length exist at the same time, selecting the candidate lath with the largest area as a layout lath (i, l, w, f, s); and the arrangement directions of all the layout battens are consistent.
Step 103: calculating the raw material utilization rate of each temporary stock layout, selecting the temporary stock layout with the maximum raw material utilization rate as an optimal stock layout (j, I, F, s), and calculating the demand d of the remaining partsr＝d-F。
Step 104: determining the remaining part demand drIf not, let d be drAnd returns to step 102; if so, obtaining the meeting target demand d consisting of the preferred patterns (j, I, F, s)oAnd (5) blanking scheme.
Step 105: and (5) blanking according to a blanking scheme.
The selection of the temporary stock layout of the jth raw material in step 102 of the present embodiment is performed as follows, as shown in fig. 3:
step 201: initializing raw material current size of j raw material: current length dimension LQ＝LjCurrent width dimension WQ＝Wj。
Step 202: determining the first layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fiS). First array strip (i, l)i,wi,fiAnd s) both the length and width dimensions are within the current dimension of the log.
Step 203: determining the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths according to the arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath: the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths is consistent with the sample arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath; when the first layout panel (i, l)i,wi,fiS) is 0, s of the subsequent stock bar is 0, and s of the temporary stock is 0; when the first layout panel (i, l)i,wi,fiAnd s) is 1, s of the subsequent stock bar is 1, and s of the temporary stock is 1.
Step 204: calculating the residual part demand dp＝d-fi(ii) a While calculating the dimensional constraints of the remainder of the raw material: when s is 0, Lp＝LQ，
Figure BDA0001224394550000061
When s is 1, Wp＝WQ，
Figure BDA0001224394550000062
Step 205: determining the remaining part demand dpIf it is zero, go to step 209; if not, go to step 206.
Step 206: the current size of the raw material is equal to the size of the rest of the raw materialBundling: l isQ＝Lp，WQ＝Wp(ii) a Make the current part demand equal to the remaining part demand: d ═ dp。
Step 207: judging whether a rectangular part capable of performing layout on the current size of the raw material exists or not according to the current size of the raw material and the current part demand, and if not, entering step 209; if so, the rectangular part that can be laid out on the current size of the stock material is selected and the process proceeds to step 208.
Step 208: selecting the layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fiS), and back to step 204; the layout bar in this step is formed by arranging the rectangular pieces selected in step 207 that can be laid out on the current size of the stock material.
Step 209: obtaining a temporary layout (j, I) composed of a combination of selected layout stripsj,Fj,s)。
The above steps 201 to 209 ensure that the temporary layout (j, I) is composedj,FjS), and ensures that as many stock bars as possible can be arranged on the raw material by determining whether there is a rectangular part capable of performing stock layout on the current size of the raw material, and temporary stock layout (j, I)j,FjS) can have a high raw material utilization ratio, thereby ensuring a temporary stock layout (j, I) corresponding to each raw materialj,FjS) has as high a raw material utilization as possible.
In step 207 of the present embodiment, it is determined whether there is a rectangular part that can be laid out on the current size of the raw material according to the following steps:
step 301: judging the arrangement direction of the first arrangement lath, and if s is equal to 0, entering step 302; if s is 1, the process proceeds to step 303.
Step 302: the current width dimension W of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and W is judgedQ≥wiOr WQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, the rectangular part cannot be arranged on the current size of the raw material.
Step 303: the current length dimension L of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and L is judgedQ≥wiOr LQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, the rectangular part cannot be arranged on the current size of the raw material.
The judgment condition "judgment W" in the above-mentioned step 302Q≥wiOr WQ≥liWhether or not "true" and the judgment condition "judgment L in step 303Q≥wiOr LQ≥liWhether or not "all can pick out as many rectangular parts as possible that can be laid out on the current size of the raw material" allows the selection range of the layout bars to be expanded in the step 208, so that the layout bars picked out according to the layout bar preference rule are the optimal solution.
The following is an example of blanking by the blanking method in this embodiment:
first, basic information of raw materials and basic information of rectangular parts are given, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001224394550000071
The blanking scheme generated according to the basic information of the raw materials and the basic information of the rectangular parts in table 1 is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001224394550000081
By adopting the layout design diagram formed by the blanking scheme of the table 2, as shown in fig. 4, the shaded part in the diagram is the excess material part, and as can be seen from the diagram, the excess material dispersion phenomenon does not occur, and the excess materials are all concentrated at the right lower part of the raw material, so that the concentration of the excess materials is realized, and the secondary utilization rate of the excess materials is improved.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A surplus material concentration oriented rectangular piece optimized blanking method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 101: the following data information is initialized:
a raw material basic information set (M, L, W, S), wherein M represents the number of types of raw materials, L represents a length dimension set of raw materials, W represents a width dimension set of raw materials, S represents a supply amount set of raw materials, and the supply amount of raw materials is sufficient; the basic information of the jth raw material is (j, L)j,Wj,Sj)，j∈{1,2,...,M}，Lj∈L，Wj∈W，Sj∈S；
Basic information set (n, l, w, d) of rectangular parto) Wherein n represents the number of kinds of the rectangular parts, l represents the length dimension set of the rectangular parts, w represents the width dimension set of the rectangular parts, doRepresenting a target demand for the rectangular part;
let current part demand d ═ do(ii) a The basic information of the ith rectangular part is (i, l)i,wi,di)，i∈{1,2,...,n}，li∈l，wi∈w，di∈d，d＝{d1,d2,...,dn}；
Step 102: traversing the basic information set (M, L, W, S) of the raw materials, and selecting a temporary layout (j, I) for each raw material according to the optimization rule of the layout lathj,FjS), wherein j represents the jth raw material; i isjA set of type numbers representing rectangular parts in the temporary layout; fjRepresenting a set of numbers of rectangular parts in the temporary layout; s represents the arrangement direction of the stock-out strips, s-0 represents horizontal arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material, and s-1 represents vertical arrangement from the upper left corner of the raw material;
wherein, the optimal rule of the stock layout lath is as follows: selecting the candidate strip with the shortest length of the excess material on the jth raw material as a stock layout strip (i, l)i,wi,fiS), wherein fiIndicating the number of ith rectangular parts in the layout strip; if two or more than two candidate laths with the shortest excess material length exist at the same time, selecting the candidate lath with the largest area as a layout lath (i, l, w, f, s); in addition, the arrangement directions of all the layout battens are consistent;
step 103: calculating the raw material utilization rate of each temporary stock layout, selecting the temporary stock layout with the maximum raw material utilization rate as an optimal stock layout (j, I, F, s), and calculating the demand d of the remaining partsr＝d-F；
Step 104: determining the remaining part demand drIf not, let d be drAnd returns to step 102; if so, obtaining the meeting target demand d consisting of the preferred patterns (j, I, F, s)oA blanking scheme;
step 105: blanking according to the blanking scheme;
the selection of the temporary stock layout of the jth raw material in the step 102 is carried out according to the following steps:
step 201: initializing raw material current size of j raw material: current length dimension LQ＝LjCurrent width dimension WQ＝Wj；
Step 202: determining the first layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fi,s)；
Step 203: determining the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths according to the arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath: the arrangement direction of the subsequent sample arrangement laths is consistent with the sample arrangement direction of the first sample arrangement lath;
step 204: calculating the residual part demand dp＝d-fi(ii) a While calculating the dimensional constraints of the remainder of the raw material:
when s is 0, Lp＝LQ，
Figure FDA0002418071740000021
When s is 1, Wp＝WQ，
Figure FDA0002418071740000022
Step 205: determining the remaining part demand dpIf it is zero, go to step 209; if not, go to step 206;
step 206: let the raw material current size equal the size constraint of the remaining portion of raw material: l isQ＝Lp，WQ＝Wp(ii) a Make the current part demand equal to the remaining part demand: d ═ dp；
Step 207: judging whether a rectangular part capable of performing layout on the current size of the raw material exists or not according to the current size of the raw material and the current part demand, and if not, entering step 209; if yes, selecting a rectangular part capable of performing layout on the current size of the raw material, and entering step 208;
step 208: selecting the layout strip (i, l) according to the layout strip preference rule and the current size of the raw materiali,wi,fiS), and back to step 204;
step 209: obtaining a temporary layout (j, I) composed of a combination of selected layout stripsj,Fj,s)。
2. The optimized blanking method for the rectangular pieces facing the surplus material concentration as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 207, it is determined whether there is a rectangular part that can be laid out on the current size of the stock material according to the following steps:
step 301: judging the arrangement direction of the first arrangement lath, and if s is equal to 0, entering step 302; if s is 1, go to step 303;
step 302: the current width dimension W of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and W is judgedQ≥wiOr WQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, indicating that the rectangular part cannot be subjected to stock layout on the current size of the raw material;
step 303: the current length dimension L of the raw materialQRectangular parts (i, l) with each current part demand being not zero in current part demand di,wi,di) Are compared one by one and L is judgedQ≥wiOr LQ≥liWhether the result is true or not; if so, indicating that the rectangular part can be arranged on the current size of the raw material; if not, the rectangular part cannot be arranged on the current size of the raw material.
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